撰文:阳光寰球融资集团 国际事务部
日期:2025年10月16日
一、案件背景 Background of the Case
自2022年起,中国无人机制造商大疆创新科技有限公司(DJI)被美国国防部(DoD)列入“中国军工企业清单(Chinese Military Companies List, CMC List)”。该清单设立于《2021财年美国国防授权法案》第1260H条,目的在于识别那些被美国政府认定为与中国军方或国防工业有关联的企业。
In 2022, DJI, China’s leading drone manufacturer, was listed by the U.S. Department of Defense as a “Chinese Military Company” (CMC), under Section 1260H of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2021. The listing implies ties with China’s military or defense industry and subjects the company to procurement restrictions and reputational scrutiny in the U.S.
二、大疆公司回应 DJI’s Response
大疆坚决否认与中国军方有关联,强调其是一家纯民用商用科技企业,且其产品及政策明确禁止军事用途。在清单公布后,大疆尝试与美方进行沟通,并最终于2024年10月18日在华盛顿哥伦比亚特区联邦法院提起诉讼,要求撤销国防部的列名决定。
DJI has firmly denied any military affiliation, stating it is a purely commercial and civilian-focused enterprise. DJI’s internal policies expressly prohibit military use of its products. On October 18, 2024, DJI filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, seeking to invalidate its inclusion on the CMC list.
三、法院判决 Court’s Ruling (September 2025)
2025年9月,美国联邦地区法院作出判决,驳回了大疆的诉求,维持其CMC列名状态,尽管对国防部部分主张表示保留意见。主要判决要点如下:
In September 2025, the court upheld the Department of Defense’s designation of DJI as a CMC, while expressing reservations on some of the government’s arguments. Key findings include:
法院认为国防部提供的两项理由“不属武断”构成有效依据:
1. 国家级企业技术中心(NETC)认证:DJI被认定为中国政府授予的国家级技术中心;
2. 技术具备“实质性双重用途”:即DJI产品可被用于军事用途,尽管企业自身政策禁止。
✅ The court found two reasons not arbitrary or capricious:
1. DJI’s status as a National Enterprise Technology Center (NETC) in China;
2. DJI’s technology having substantial dual-use potential, i.e., possible military applications despite internal restrictions.
❌ 然而,法院未采纳国防部关于DJI与中国军队、党组织、军工园区的其他证据,认为证据不足。
❌ However, the court rejected several other DoD assertions, including claims of DJI’s ties with the PLA or CCP, citing insufficient evidence.
四、上诉进展 DJI’s Appeal (October 2025)
2025年10月,大疆已向哥伦比亚特区联邦巡回上诉法院提起上诉,争议的焦点在于:
In October 2025, DJI filed an appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. The appeal focuses on:
• 国防部是否有权基于“潜在用途”而不是实际用途列名;
• NETC 认证是否足以构成“政府控制”证据;
• 是否违反程序正义,剥夺企业反驳与透明权利。
• Whether DoD can designate a company based on potential, not actual, military use;
• Whether NETC status constitutes sufficient evidence of state control;
• Whether DJI was denied due process in the designation.
案件当前仍在审理中,预计最终判决将在2026年初作出。
The case remains pending, with a final appellate decision expected in early 2026.
五、法律分析 Legal Implications
本案具有以下几个重要法律和政策意义:
This case presents significant legal and policy implications:
1. 国家安全审查标准模糊
Undefined Standards for National Security Designations
法院判决承认,技术具有“潜在军事用途”即可能构成列名依据,标志着国家安全审查从“实际使用”走向“预防性管控”,未来或适用于更多中国高科技企业。
The ruling suggests that the threshold for national security concern is potential use, not actual conduct—setting a precedent that may affect many tech companies with dual-use capabilities.
2. 程序正义与政府裁量
Balance Between Due Process and Executive Discretion
尽管法院承认政府裁量权,但仍指出部分证据不足,这对企业未来在类似程序中主张程序公正和证据标准提供了突破口。
While recognizing broad executive discretion, the court’s acknowledgment of evidentiary limits opens the door for procedural fairness arguments in future disputes.
3. 民用科技企业如何应对“政治标签化”
Risk Management for Civilian Tech Companies
高科技公司应加强合规治理、技术透明度管理、跨境法律应对机制,防止被不当列名或误判。
Technology firms must invest in compliance systems, usage monitoring, and legal risk management, especially in cross-border contexts.
六、结语 Conclusion
大疆诉美国国防部案,不仅是一起中资企业在美维权的重要案例,也是当前中美科技摩擦、国家安全界限模糊、跨境法制交锋的缩影。案件未来走向,将为中国企业在全球法律环境中如何维护自身合法权益提供重要启示。
The DJI vs. DoD lawsuit stands as a key benchmark in cross-border legal conflicts involving national security, technology, and global business. Its outcome will have lasting implications for Chinese firms navigating international regulatory landscapes.
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