The US has for months been helping Ukraine mount long-range strikes on Russian energy facilities, in what officials said was a co-ordinated effort to weaken Vladimir Putin’s economy and force him to the negotiating table.
American intelligence shared with Kyiv has enabled strikes on Russian energy assets including oil refineries far beyond the frontline, according to multiple Ukrainian and US officials familiar with the campaign.
The previously unreported support has been crucial in helping Ukraine carry out attacks that Joe Biden’s White House discouraged. Kyiv’s strikes have driven up energy prices in Russia and prompted Moscow to cut diesel exports and import fuel.
美国在过去的几个月里一直帮助乌克兰对俄罗斯能源场地实施长程打击， 按照官方的说法这种协同合作来削弱普京的经济从而迫使他回到谈判桌前。
据多个熟悉此事的乌克兰和美国官员说，美国和乌克兰分享的情报能够确保乌克兰对俄罗斯能源资产进行打击，包括离前线很远的炼油厂。
之前这些未被报道的支持在帮助乌克兰实施打击方面至关重要，而拜登当局之前一直不鼓励这样做。基辅的打击直接推升了俄罗斯能源价格并迫使莫斯科减少柴油出口并进口燃料。
The intelligence sharing is the latest sign that US President Donald Trump has deepened his support for Ukraine as his frustration with Russia has grown.
The shift came after a phone call between Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in July, when the FT reported the US president had asked whether Ukraine could strike Moscow if Washington provided long-range weapons.
Trump signalled his backing for a strategy to “make them [Russians] feel the pain” and compel the Kremlin to negotiate, said the two people briefed on the call. The White House later said Trump was “merely asking a question, not encouraging further killing”.
The US intelligence helps Kyiv shape route planning, altitude, timing and mission decisions, enabling Ukraine’s long-range, one-way attack drones to evade Russian air defences, said the officials familiar with the matter.
情报分享是美国总统特朗普加深对乌克兰支持的最新证明，因为他对俄罗斯的失望与日俱增。
这种转变发生在今年7月份特朗普和乌克兰总统泽连斯基的通话后，当时金融时报曾报道美国总统曾征询如果美国提供长程武器，乌克兰是否能够打击莫斯科。
两位被电话通报的人士称，特朗普表明他对这种战略的支持，是为了"让俄罗斯感觉到痛"，从而逼宫克林姆林进行谈判。白宫随后发表声明称特朗普"仅仅是问个问题而已，并不鼓励进一步的杀戮行为"。
美国的情报帮助基辅制定路线计划，纬度，时间点以及任务的抉择，确保乌克兰的远程单向攻击无人机可以躲避俄罗斯空防系统。
Three people familiar with the operation said Washington was closely involved. A US official said Ukraine selected the targets for long-range strikes and Washington provided intelligence on the sites’ vulnerabilities.
But others involved and briefed on the operations said the US had also set out target priorities for the Ukrainians. One of them described Kyiv’s drone force as the “instrument” for Washington to undermine Russia’s economy and push Putin towards a settlement.
Trump has been open about his disappointment with Putin since he rolled out the red carpet for his Russian counterpart at an Alaska summit that made little tangible progress. This was a factor in Trump’s shift in support of deeper strikes, the people said.
Washington has long shared intelligence with Kyiv to assist in attacks on Russian military targets in occupied areas of Ukraine, and to provide warning of Russian missile and drone strikes.
熟悉该行动的三位人士称华盛顿有很深的参与度。一位美国官员说乌克兰选择远程打击的目标，华盛顿提供情报找出该地点的弱点。
但是其他参与并被通报该行动的人士称美国还为乌克兰制定了目标的优先级。他们中的一位称乌克兰的无人机力量其实是华盛顿的"武器"，以此来破坏俄罗斯经济并推动普京寻求问题的解决方案。
特朗普自从在阿拉斯加峰会为俄罗斯总统铺设红毯夹道欢迎后，已经公开表达了自己的失望，因为那次峰会没有取得任何实质性进展。人们说，这也是特朗普转换赛道支持深度打击的因素之一。
华盛顿长久以来一直向基辅分享情报，以帮助其打击俄罗斯在乌克兰占领领土的军事目标，并向基辅提供俄罗斯导弹和无人机袭击的预警。
The Biden administration approved strikes with US Himars and Atacms missiles inside a Russian region bordering Ukraine after North Korea deployed troops there to bolster Moscow’s forces.
But the US has not acknowledged a direct role in Ukraine’s strikes on Russian energy facilities. Washington has long remained cautious about actions that might escalate the war and draw it more directly into conflict with Moscow.
The growing operational support from the Trump administration contrasts starkly with earlier in the US president’s second term, when he briefly halted intelligence sharing and military aid to Kyiv to pressure it into peace talks with Moscow.
Zelenskyy has declined to discuss US intelligence’s role in his army’s strikes deep inside Russia. He has said Ukraine is “working with US intelligence, primarily to defend ourselves”, referring to the Patriot, Nasams and Iris-T air defence systems provided by western partners.
在北朝鲜部署军队来支持莫斯科的军事力量后，拜登当局批准使用美国两种导弹袭击与乌克兰接壤的俄罗斯地区。
但是美国没有承认在乌克兰袭击俄罗斯能源场地中，担任直接的角色。华盛顿长久以来一直地此类行动保持高度警惕，因为这有可能将战事升级并卷入和莫斯科的冲突。
特朗普当局对乌克兰不断增加的行动方面的支持，和其第二任期早些时候的态度形成鲜明对比。彼时他曾间断的停止了对乌克兰的军事援助和情报分享来施压乌克兰和莫斯科举行和平谈判。
泽连斯基拒绝就美国情报分享在俄罗斯深度打击中扮演的角色进行讨论。他说乌克兰"正在和美国情报机构合作，主要是自我防卫"，主要指西方盟友提供的爱国者，那萨姆斯和艾瑞思T空对空和地对空的空防系统。
Ukraine’s recent success with deep strikes was mostly because of upgrades to drones and increased domestic production, which has allowed Kyiv to launch more weapons simultaneously. “Our drones, drone-missiles and some missiles are getting better: more uses, greater production,” Zelenskyy said.
Most of the deep strikes are conducted by Ukraine’s SBU security service and the Unmanned Systems Forces branch of its armed forces. But other intelligence and military units also play roles in the attacks.
Zelenskyy said Ukraine’s Fire Point and Liutyi long-range drones — sometimes up to 300 in a single operation — had led the swarm attacks. But Ukrainian forces had also recently fired domestically produced Neptune and Flamingo missiles at targets inside Russia.
The SBU said at the weekend that its elite Alpha unit’s long-range drones had successfully hit the Bashneft-UNPZ oil refinery in Ufa, some 1,400km from Ukraine. The plant is one of the largest refineries in Russia, supplying fuel and lubricants to the Russian army. It marked the third strike on energy facilities in Russia’s Bashkortostan region in the past month.
乌克兰最近深入打击的成功大部分是因为无人机的升级和国内产量的增加，这些让乌克兰能够在同一时间发射更多的武器。泽连斯基说："我们的无人机，无人机载导弹和其他类型的导弹正在变得越来越好：使用的也越来越多，产量也越来越大。"
大部分深入打击都是由乌克兰SBU安全部门和武装力量中无人武装系统力量分部完成的。但是其他的军事情报和军事部门也在袭击中扮演了相应的角色。
泽连斯基说乌克兰两种长程导弹有时候可以在一次行动中，发射达300枚，这也称为集群攻击。 但是乌克兰武装力量最近也针对俄罗斯境内的目标使用了国内生产的导弹（海王星和火烈鸟）。
SBU说本周末，它的精锐阿尔法旅的长程无人机成功的袭击了距乌克兰1400公里的乌发炼油厂。该厂是俄罗斯最大的炼油厂之一，向俄罗斯军队提供燃料和润滑油。这也标志着在过去的一个月里，对俄罗斯巴斯克托斯坦地区内能源厂址的第三次打击。
Soon after the July call, the people familiar with the Ukrainian deep strike drone operation said improved US intelligence had allowed Kyiv to better map Russian air defences and plot strike routes. The tempo of Ukraine’s strikes on Russian oil and gas facilities escalated dramatically in August and September. The damage forced Moscow to curtail diesel exports and increase its reliance on imported fuel.
At least 16 of the country’s 38 oil refineries have been struck, disrupting more than 1mn barrels a day of refining capacity, according to Energy Aspects, a research group. Russian social media videos, verified by the FT and independent analysts, have shown numerous large oil and gas facilities in flames.
Zelenskyy said last week that Moscow was importing petrol — “notably from Belarus and 东大” — and had restricted exports. Russia probably lost up to 20 per cent of fuel production capacity because of the Ukrainian strikes, he added.
The SBU told the FT its “long-range strikes are aimed at destroying the enemy’s military potential — including its economic capabilities”. It added Kyiv would work to increase the number and breadth of strikes within Russia
熟悉乌克兰深度打击无人机行动的人士称，在7月份的电话之后，提高关系后的美国情报分享让乌克兰可以更好的绘制出俄罗斯的空防系统并计划打击路线。对俄罗斯油气设施的打击速度在8月9月有了显著提升。打击造成损失迫使俄罗斯削减柴油出口并增加对进口燃料的依赖性。
据能一家研究机构"能源面面观"的数据，俄罗斯38个炼油厂中至少有16个被击中，中断了差不多一天一百万桶的炼油能力。被金融时报和独立分析家证实的俄罗斯社交媒体的视频录像显示数处大型油气设施烈焰熊熊。
泽连斯基上周说俄罗斯正在进口汽油，显然是从白俄罗斯和东大，并限制了相应的出口。他补充道，由于乌克兰的打击，俄罗斯可能损失了大约20%的燃料生产能力。
SBU告诉金融时报它的"远程打击旨在摧毁敌人的军事潜能，包括其经济能力"。并补充道基辅会增加针对俄罗斯境内的打击次数和范围。
The White House said the war “never would have happened” under a Trump presidency and he was “trying to get it stopped”. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Department of Defense declined to comment.
Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov this month said it was “obvious” the US and Nato were providing intelligence to Ukraine “on a regular basis”.
白宫称如果当时特朗普总统在任，那么这场战争"根本就不会发生"， 同时他正"尝试制止这场战争"。美国国家情报总局负责人办公室和国防部拒绝发表评论。
克林姆林宫发言人本月说很"显然"，美国和北约"十分频繁的"向乌克兰提供情报信息。
