本文来自新一期的经济学人封面专题文章。本周最大的国际新闻就是加沙和平协议签字。尽管这是川普交易艺术的体现（不排除极限施压的方式），但毕竟停止了战争。
Leaders | The deal over Gaza
顺便提一下封面有个词carneyism 卡尼主义，注意造词法。
本文的标题是：A new beginning for the Middle East
副标题是：The breakthrough in Gaza could open up a new approach to peace
approach 名词动词都可以，接近，后面用to作为介词，加名词或动名词。The weather turned cooler with the approach of autumn.（秋日临近，天气转凉。）另外，approach还经常出现在论文标题里，作为方法的意思。如：We use a very communicative approach to teaching languages.
PLENTY OF AMERICAN presidents have sought a breakthrough in the bitter conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. Now, two years after the atrocities（残忍行为） of October 7th and after endless rounds of killing in Gaza, Donald Trump has joined the tiny list of those who have succeeded. The tentative（试探性的） agreement between Israel and Hamas to stop the shooting and release the hostages （人质）opens up a new vision for the Middle East. The path is narrow, but it is the best chance of creating lasting （持续的）peace since the Oslo accords（奥斯陆协定） in 1993 and 1995.
这段是总括，主要含义我们在上次课（经济学人一周概览）里提到过。川普提出的20点计划已经被（迫使）各方接受，上周在埃及签订了和平协议，哈马斯释放人质（hostages），以色列释放一定的关押的巴勒斯坦人作为交换。
关于1993年的奥斯陆协定，当时是克林顿主持的，还有著名的照片流传下来。
The Oslo Accords are a pair of interim agreements （临时协定）between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)（巴解组织）: the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993（奥斯陆协定一期在华盛顿签字，1993年）; and the Oslo II Accord, signed in Taba, Egypt, in 1995（二期在埃及签订，1995）.They marked the start of the Oslo process, a peace process aimed at achieving a peace treaty based on Resolution 242 and Resolution 338 of the United Nations Security Council.（根据联合国安理会242号和338号决议） The Oslo process began after secret negotiations in Oslo, Norway, resulting in both the recognition of Israel by the PLO and the recognition by Israel of the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and as a partner in bilateral（双边的，bi-，two） negotiations.
This new vision is radically（根本上的） different from the moribund approach under Oslo. It offers a shift from endless, abstract negotiations over maps and the hypothetical constitutional arrangements of two states. Instead, it promises a practical approach in which, as Gaza is governed and rebuilt, rid of the terrorists who once dominated it, Israelis and Palestinians come to believe that they have more to gain from coexisting than from destroying each other. Success looks less like a ceremony in the White House and more like a decade of cement mixers（水泥搅拌机） spinning in Gaza, as violent settlers in the West Bank are curbed（限制）, the threat of missiles（导弹） fades and ordinary people embrace a slowly rising belief in a safer, more prosperous future.
radically 根本上的。radi-，根，root。radicalism 激进主义；radicalize 使激进。
moribund 缺乏活力的，濒于死亡的。词根和mort有关，我们之前接触过 mortal 致命的；immortal 不死的，不朽的。
hypothetical 假设的。hypo-，under。名词是hypothesis 假设。
这段是说，这次协议和过去有根本不同，它不再是一个执着于边界地图和抽象章程的无休止的谈判。后文用一个instead表示对比，这个转折词非常值得学习，后面的这句话就是这次协议的特点：it promises a practical approach 提供了一个可操作的方法、务实的方法。in which 后面就解释这个是啥，包含几点：加沙Gaza要被管治和重建rebuild，摆脱（rid of，我们之前学过get rid of）恐怖分子；以色列和巴勒斯坦开始相信他们能够从共存（co-exist）而不是从互相破坏中获得更多。
cement mixers（水泥搅拌机）。这个词组可能包含双关含义。加沙城内有许多水泥搅拌机，修建地下工事，同时双方的绞杀也包含这个意味。这个是我的个人理解。
curb 限制。时政高频词，出现好多次了。
missile 导弹。后一个i发音是i或ai都可以。词根是mit，send的意思。发射出去的东西是导弹。mission 任务，发射出去的东西，抽象名词。两个词是一个词根。
The peace deal is a triumph for Mr Trump’s transactional（交易的）, bullying style（霸凌风格） of diplomacy. It came after both sides were holed up in Sharm el-Sheikh, in Egypt, with negotiators from America, Egypt, Qatar and Turkey （美国，埃及，卡塔尔和土耳其）available to apply pressure. The details are not yet public, but Hamas is due to release the 20 Israeli（以色列人的，后面是I） hostages who are still alive, alongside a parallel （平行的）release of Palestinian prisoners by Israel, a flood of aid and a partial pullback by the Israeli army from Gaza’s main cities, to what Mr Trump called “an agreed upon line”. In Israel and what remains of Gaza there was euphoria. Mr Trump may fly to the region to mark the deal.
triumph 巨大胜利。最近一期时代周刊TIME杂志的封面是His Triumph（他的胜利），封面是川普总统。这次协议的签订，确实让世界为之一振。民主党大佬，如2016年的竞选对手希拉里·克林顿以及前国务卿赖斯，也对这次协议签订大加赞赏。triumph，英国有关机车品牌是这个，还有个德国女性内衣品牌也叫这个，中文翻译成黛安芬。
bully 霸凌。音意都很好。
Turkey 如果大家有印象，上个月讲土耳其在新闻周刊的广告，我们提到，土耳其的官方英文已经改成了Turkiye。
parallel 平行的，对等的，同时的。a parallel universe 平行宇宙。
pullback 撤回，撤军。
euphoria 狂喜。eu-表示好，good，优。比如eugenics 优生学（gene-，生，birth），euphemism 委婉语，eulogy 颂词（good word）
Under Mr Trump’s 20-point plan, the next phase would create a technocratic government that rebuilds Gaza while excluding Hamas from power. Hamas would be disarmed（解除武装） and security provided by an international force. Mr Trump would chair an oversight board until Palestinians took responsibility, possibly under a reformed Palestinian Authority. The grander, ultimate objective is what Mr Trump calls “everlasting peace” between Israel and all of the Palestinian territories.
technocratic 上课讲过，技术统治的，技术官僚的。
chair 作为动词，坐头把交椅。
欢迎留言，交流。
至美
十月十八日，杭州
