(本公众号内容用于个人学习）
In large parts of Africa, Latin America and Asia, urbanization is slowing. Most of those who will enter factories have already done so. Those who value the securities of village life, meanwhile, have little appetite for urban slums, isolation and hypercompetition. Therefore, while humanity was urbanizing at a rate of 1.06 per cent per year between 1950 and 1970, that rate has now dropped to 0.74 per cent, and it will fall to just over 0.6 per cent by 2030. Since the world population has tripled since 1950, absolute rural numbers remain greater than ever before. By my calculations, as many as 2 billion people live in the countryside of Africa, Latin America and Asia, where small family farms dominate. After 300 years of ‘modernization, in short, peasants still constitute as much as one-quarter of our species, vastly outnumbering assembly-line workers, miners, office drones or taxi drivers.
Slow:
ADJ
①not moving or able to move quickly; proceeding at a low speed:
a slow train
slow walkers
②taking or requiring a long time:
The slow job of making bread...
③taking more time than is usual
A slow worker; slow progress in the peace negotiations
④a slow clock 时钟慢了
⑤lacking in promptness or willingness; not precipitate 不仓促的; 不太乐意的
They were slow to accept our invitation.
⑥characterized by a slow volume of sales or transactions:
Business was slow today.
⑦lacking liveliness or interest; boring:
A slow party.
⑧not having or exhibiting intellectual or mental quickness: 迟钝的，迟缓的
A slow learner
ADV
At a low speed: Go slow. 慢慢地走！
V
V.tr（及物动词）
to make slow or slower
V.intr(不及物动词）
To become slow or slower.变得慢或者更慢。
Enter:
①to come or go into sth.[V] [VN]
Knock before you enter.
It never entered my head that she would tell him about me.
②To become a member of an institution; to start working in an organization or a profession成为……的一员；加入；开始从事[VN]
To enter a school/college/university
To enter the church
③To begin or become involved in an activity, a situation,etc.开始参加，着手进行
To enter a relationship/conflict/war
Several new firms have now entered the market.
④-(for sth)|- sb (in/for sth) to put your name on the list for an exam, a race, a competition,etc.; to this for sb报名参加，为...报名参加（考试、比赛）
1,000 children entered the competition.
Only five British players have entered for the championship.
⑤-sth(in/into/on sth) to put names, numbers, details,etc. In a list, book or computer登记，登录，输入（姓名、号码、细节等）[VN]
Enter your name and occupation in the boxes
To enter data into a computer
⑥To say sth officially so that it can be recorded正式提出
To enter a plea of not guilty
To enter an offer 报价
Factory:
a building or group of buildings where goods are made工厂；制造厂
A car factory; factory workers
Security:
①[U]the activities involved in protecting a country, building or person against attack, danger,etc.保护措施，安全工作
National security; airport security; security checks; security forces
②[U+sing./pl.v.]the department of a large company or organization that deals with the protection of its buildings, equipment and staff保安部门
Security was/were called to the incident.保安人员被叫到事发现场。
③[U]protection against sth bad that might happen in the future担保，保证
Financial security财务担保
Job security is a thing of the past.
④[U]the state of feeling happy and safe from danger or worry安全，平安
The security of a loving family life安享天伦之乐
He loves the security of a happy home life...他喜欢幸福生活所带来的安全感。
⑤[N,U]if sth is security for a loan, you promise to give that thing to the person who lends you money, if you fail to pay the money back.
The central bank will provide special loans, and the banks will pledge the land as security.抵押品
⑥[N,C]securities are stocks,shares, bonds, or other certificates that you buy in order to earn regular interest from them or to sell them later for profit.
...US government securities and bonds.美国政府证券和债券
Village:
①[C]a very small town located in a country area
A fishing/mountain/seaside village
②the village[sing.][BrE]the people who live in a village乡村居民，村民
The whole village was invited to the party.
① n attributive（定语名词）often used to modify another noun:
A village square; 村庄广场；the village green;村间草地
appetite：
①[U,C,usually sing.]physical desire for food食欲，胃口
He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite.
The walk gave me a good appetite.
②[C]-（for sth）a strong desire for sth强烈欲望
The public have an insatiable appetite (=always wanting more of sth)for scandal.
Slum:
①(Noun) An area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad situation 贫民窟，棚屋区
A slum area; city/urban slums
②(V)(usually be slumming、slum it)(informal)to spend time in places or conditions that are much worse than those you are used to（短期）去贫困地方，过简朴生活
We ran out of money on holiday and had to slum it in cheap hostels.
Isolation:[U]
①The act of separating sb/sth; the state of being separate隔离；隔离状态
Geographical isolation
He lives in splendid isolation.
②The state of being alone or lonely孤独；孤立状态
Many unemployed people experience feelings of isolation and depression.
③Idioms：in isolation (from sb/sth):separately; alone
To make sense, these figures should not be looked at in isolation.
Humanity:[N,U]
①People in general
Crime of against humanity危害人类罪
②The state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine人性
The story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus.
③The quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane人道；仁慈
The judge was praised for his courage and humanity.
④(the humanities) the subjects of study that are concerned with the way people think and behave, like literature, language, history and philosophy
人文学科 ----the arts 艺术学科
Triple:
[ADJ] [only before noun]
①Having three parts or involving three people or groups三部分的；三人的
A triple alliance三方同盟
②Three times as much or as many as sth三倍的；三重的
The amount of alcohol in his blood was triple the legal maximum.
It’s population is about triple that of Venice.
[V]
To become, or to make sth, three times as much or as many（使）成为三倍；使增加两倍
Output should triple by next year.
Absolute：
①Total and complete完全的，绝对的
A class for absolute beginners
Absolute confidence/trust/silence
“you are wrong,” she said with absolute certainty.
②[only before noun]used, especially in spoken English, to give emphasis to what you are saying（英语口语用于强调）确实的，十足的
There’s absolute rubbish on television tonight.
③Definite and without any doubt or confusion肯定的，无疑的
There was no absolute proof.
He taught us that the law of physics were absolute.
The divorce became absolute last week.
④No limited or restricted不受限制的；不受约束的
Absolute power/authority
⑤Existing or measured independently and not in relation to sth else独立的，绝对的
Beauty cannot be measured by any absolute standard.
⑥[noun]an idea or a principle that is believed to be true or valid in any circumstances绝对真理
Right and wrong are, for her, moral absolutes.
Remain:
①Linking verb to continue to be sth; to be still in the same state or condition 仍然是；保持不变
②[V-ADJ]to remain silent/ seated/ motionless
Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.
[V-N]in spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.
③To still be present after the other parts have been removed, used, etc,; to continue to exist 剩余；遗留
Very little of the house remained after the fire.
There were only ten minutes remaining.
④To be still need to be done, or dealt with仍需去做
[V to inf] it remains to be seen whether you are right.
[V]there remained one significant problem.
[v(that)]i feel sorry for her, but the fact remains (that) she lied to us.
⑤[V, usually + adv./prep.] to stay in the same place; to not leave 逗留
They remained in Mexico until June.
*remaining
[only before noun]still needing to be done or dealt with
The remaining twenty patients were transferred to another hospital.
*the remainder: [sing.+sing./pl.v.] the remaining people, things, or time
I kept some of his books and gave away the remainder.
Dominate:
①To control or have a lot of influence over sb/sth, especially in an unpleasant way 支配；控制
[VN] as a child he was dominated by his father.
He tended to dominate the conversation.
②[VN]To be the most important or noticeable feature of sth
The train crash dominated the news.
③[VN]if a building, mountain, or other object dominates an area, it is so large or impressive that you cannot avoid seeing it.
It’s one of the biggest buildings in this area, and it really dominates this whole place.
The cathedral dominates the city.大教堂俯视全城。
④[VN.V](sport)to play much better than your opponent in a game控制战局
Arsenal dominated the first half of the match.
[V.intr.]
①To have or exert strong authority or mastery拥有权威
②To be situated in or occupy a position that is more elevated or decidedly superior to others.处于高的地位
Constitute:[VN]
Linking verb(not used in the progressive tenses)
①To be considered to be sth被算作是，被认为是
Does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?
The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.
②To be the parts that together form sth组成，构成
Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force.
③[VN][usually passive] to form a group legally or officially合法设立
SYN establish, set up
The committee was constituted in 1973 by the Act of Parliament.
*constitution：
①The constitution 宪法
②The condition of a person’s body and how healthy it is身体素质；体质
To have a healthy/strong/weak constitution
③The way sth is formed or organized
④The act of forming sth
Vastly:
①Means to an extremely great degree or extent; very much
The quality of the training has vastly improved.
Vastly different/superior/more competitive
Outnumber:
①To be more in number than another group比……多
Flats outnumber houses in this area.
His troops were hopelessly outnumbered.
*Outnumber sb/sth by sth
In nursing, women still outnumber men by four to one.
*vastly/greatly/heavily outnumber
Men in prison vastly outnumber women.
Assembly line worker 装配线上的工人
Office drone 办公室苦力（一直从事单调职业的白领工人）
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