外贸高频术语分类整理
涵盖沟通、合同、物流等场景,共计300条术语
1. 基础沟通术语 (Basic Communication)
- Inquiry - 询盘
- Quotation - 报价单
- Offer - 发盘
- Counter Offer - 还盘
- Proforma Invoice (PI) - 形式发票
- Commercial Invoice - 商业发票
- FOB (Free On Board) - 离岸价
- CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) - 到岸价
- EXW (Ex Works) - 工厂交货
- MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity) - 最小起订量
2. 合同与条款 (Contracts & Clauses)
- Purchase Order (PO) - 采购订单
- Sales Contract - 销售合同
- Force Majeure - 不可抗力
- Arbitration - 仲裁
- Governing Law - 适用法律
- Term of Payment - 付款条件
- L/C (Letter of Credit) - 信用证
- Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) - 保密协议
- Penalty Clause - 违约金条款
- Breach of Contract - 违约
3. 物流与运输 (Logistics & Shipping)
- Bill of Lading (B/L) - 提单
- Air Waybill (AWB) - 空运单
- ETD (Estimated Time of Departure) - 预计离港时间
- ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) - 预计到港时间
- Customs Clearance - 清关
- DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) - 完税后交货
- DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) - 未完税交货
- Consignee - 收货人
- Shipper - 发货人
- Freight Forwarder - 货运代理
4. 质量与检验 (Quality & Inspection)
- QC (Quality Control) - 质量控制
- QA (Quality Assurance) - 质量保证
- Pre-shipment Inspection - 装船前检验
- Inspection Certificate - 检验证书
- Sample Approval - 样品确认
- Tolerance - 公差
- Defective Rate - 不良率
- Rework - 返工
- Warranty Period - 保修期
- Non-conforming Goods - 不合格品
5. 付款与财务 (Payment & Finance)
- T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) - 电汇
- Down Payment - 预付款
- Balance Payment - 尾款
- Open Account - 赊账
- Bank Charges - 银行手续费
- COD (Cash on Delivery) - 货到付款
- CAD (Cash Against Documents) - 凭单付款
- Advance Payment - 预付款
- Deferred Payment - 延期付款
- SWIFT Code - 银行国际代码
6. 争议与索赔 (Disputes & Claims)
- Claim - 索赔
- Compensation - 赔偿
- Breach of Contract - 违约
- Dispute Resolution - 争议解决
- Mediation - 调解
- Liquidated Damages - 违约金
- Rejection of Goods - 拒收货物
- Short Shipment - 短装
- Overdue Payment - 逾期付款
- Force Majeure Certificate - 不可抗力证明
7. 市场与客户 (Market & Clients)
- Target Market - 目标市场
- Potential Client - 潜在客户
- RFQ (Request for Quotation) - 询价请求
- Lead Time - 交货期
- Market Penetration - 市场渗透
- OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) - 贴牌生产
- ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) - 原创设计生产
- Exclusive Distributor - 独家经销商
- Sole Agent - 独家代理
- After-sales Service - 售后服务
8. 产品与生产 (Products & Production)
- SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) - 库存单位
- BOM (Bill of Materials) - 物料清单
- Prototype - 样品原型
- Mass Production - 量产
- Packaging Specification - 包装规格
- Customization - 定制
- Raw Material - 原材料
- Finished Goods - 成品
- Production Capacity - 产能
- MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity) - 最小起订量
9. 认证与合规 (Certification & Compliance)
- CE Marking - 欧盟安全认证
- FCC (Federal Communications Commission) - 美国联邦通信认证
- RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) - 有害物质限制指令
- ISO Certification - 国际标准化组织认证
- COO (Certificate of Origin) - 原产地证书
- MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) - 材料安全数据表
- Hallal Certification - 清真认证
- FDA (Food and Drug Administration) - 美国食品药品监督管理局认证
- REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of Chemicals) - 化学品注册评估法规
- BSCI (Business Social Compliance Initiative) - 商业社会合规认证
10. 电子商务 (E-commerce)
- Cross-border E-commerce - 跨境电商
- Dropshipping - 代发货
- FBA (Fulfillment by Amazon) - 亚马逊物流
- Chargeback - 退单争议
- Seller Central - 卖家中心
- SKU Optimization - SKU优化
- Cart Abandonment - 购物车弃单
- CPC (Cost Per Click) - 单次点击成本
- CTR (Click-Through Rate) - 点击率
- SEO (Search Engine Optimization) - 搜索引擎优化
11. 运输方式 (Shipping Methods)
- Air Freight - 空运
- Sea Freight - 海运
- LCL (Less than Container Load) - 拼箱
- FCL (Full Container Load) - 整箱
- Express Shipping - 快递
- Multimodal Transport - 多式联运
- Door-to-Door Delivery - 门到门运输
- Charter Flight - 包机运输
- Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) - 滚装船运输
- Bulk Cargo - 散货
12. 单证与文件 (Documents & Certificates)
- Packing List - 装箱单
- Certificate of Conformity - 合格证书
- Phytosanitary Certificate - 植物检疫证书
- Insurance Policy - 保险单
- Weight Certificate - 重量证明
- Health Certificate - 健康证书
- Export License - 出口许可证
- Import License - 进口许可证
- ATA Carnet - 临时进出口通关单证
- Dangerous Goods Declaration - 危险品申报单
13. 价格术语 (Price Terms)
- CFR (Cost and Freight) - 成本加运费
- CPT (Carriage Paid To) - 运费付至
- CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) - 运费保险费付至
- DAP (Delivered At Place) - 目的地交货
- DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) - 卸货地交货
- FAS (Free Alongside Ship) - 船边交货
- DAT (Delivered At Terminal) - 运输终端交货
- All-in Price - 全包价
- Unit Price - 单价
- Price Validity - 报价有效期
14. 支付风险 (Payment Risks)
- Payment in Advance - 预付货款
- Documentary Collection - 跟单托收
- Bank Guarantee - 银行保函
- Escrow Account - 第三方托管账户
- Fraud Prevention - 防欺诈
- Credit Risk - 信用风险
- Currency Fluctuation - 汇率波动
- Payment Default - 付款违约
- Irrevocable L/C - 不可撤销信用证
- Confirmed L/C - 保兑信用证
15. 保险条款 (Insurance Terms)
- All Risks - 一切险
- FPA (Free from Particular Average) - 平安险
- War Risk - 战争险
- General Average - 共同海损
- Marine Insurance - 海运保险
- Insurance Premium - 保险费
- Coverage - 保险范围
跨境电商常用术语大全:关税税务到风险管理
涵盖27大类、超300个核心术语,助力跨境从业者高效沟通
16. 关税与税务 (Tariffs & Taxes)
- Tariff 关税
- VAT 增值税
- Consumption Tax 消费税
- Duty-Free 免税
- Tax Rebate 退税
- HS Code 海关编码
- Anti-Dumping Duty 反倾销税
- Countervailing Duty 反补贴税
- Bonded Warehouse 保税仓库
- Customs Valuation 海关估价
17. 展会与推广 (Exhibitions & Marketing)
- Trade Fair 交易会
- Booth Booking 展位预订
- Product Launch 产品发布会
- B2B Platform B2B平台
- Catalogue 产品目录
- Marketing Collateral 营销资料
- Lead Generation 客户开发
- Brand Ambassador 品牌大使
- Press Release 新闻稿
- ROI 投资回报率
18. 供应链管理 (Supply Chain Management)
- JIT 准时制生产
- VMI 供应商管理库存
- 3PL 第三方物流
- Cross-docking 越库配送
- Lead Time Reduction 缩短交货期
- Supply Chain Resilience 供应链韧性
- Procurement 采购
- Warehouse Management 仓储管理
- Inventory Turnover 库存周转率
- Backorder 缺货订单
19. 包装术语 (Packaging Terms)
- Neutral Packaging 中性包装
- Pallet 托盘
- Carton 纸箱
- Shrink Wrap 收缩膜
- Waterproof Packaging 防水包装
- Fumigation Certificate 熏蒸证明
- Gross Weight 毛重
- Net Weight 净重
- Labeling 标签
- Barcode 条形码
20. 技术标准 (Technical Standards)
- ASTM 美国材料试验协会标准
- DIN 德国标准化协会标准
- BS 英国标准
- ANSI 美国国家标准协会
- GB 中国国家标准
- UL Certification 美国保险商实验室认证
- CE Marking 欧盟安全认证
- FCC Compliance 美国联邦通信委员会合规
- IP Rating 防护等级
- Calibration Certificate 校准证书
21. 客户服务 (Customer Service)
- Customer Retention 客户留存
- Complaint Handling 投诉处理
- SLA 服务级别协议
- Feedback Collection 反馈收集
- Loyalty Program 忠诚度计划
- CRM 客户关系管理
- Escalation Process 升级流程
- Service Recovery 服务补救
- FAQ 常见问题解答
- Customer Satisfaction Survey 客户满意度调查
22. 市场分析 (Market Analysis)
- SWOT Analysis 优势-劣势-机会-威胁分析
- PEST Analysis 政治-经济-社会-技术分析
- Market Share 市场份额
- Competitor Benchmarking 竞争对手对标
- Consumer Behavior 消费者行为
- Pricing Strategy 定价策略
- Market Segmentation 市场细分
- Distribution Channel 分销渠道
- Brand Awareness 品牌知名度
- KPI 关键绩效指标
23. 法律与合规 (Legal & Compliance)
- Export Control 出口管制
- Anti-Bribery Policy 反贿赂政策
- Sanctions Compliance 制裁合规
- Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权
- Non-Competition Agreement 竞业禁止协议
- GDPR 通用数据保护条例
- Compliance Audit 合规审计
- Whistleblower Policy 举报人政策
- Contractual Liability 合同责任
- Jurisdiction 司法管辖权
24. 技术交流 (Technical Communication)
- CAD Drawing CAD图纸
- Technical Specification 技术规格
- Prototype Testing 样品测试
- Tolerance Analysis 公差分析
- Material Certification 材料证书
- Installation Manual 安装手册
- Troubleshooting Guide 故障排除指南
- OEM Drawing 贴牌生产图纸
- Reverse Engineering 逆向工程
- Product Lifecycle 产品生命周期
25. 行业专用术语 (Industry-specific Terms)
- OEM 贴牌生产
- OBM 自主品牌生产
- EMS 电子制造服务
- FOBST 离岸价含平舱理舱费
- LCL/FCL Consolidation 拼箱/整箱整合
- Cross-border E-commerce 跨境电商
- Bonded Logistics 保税物流
- Trade Finance 贸易融资
- Incoterms 2020 国际贸易术语解释通则2020
- Multimodal Transport Document 多式联运单据
26. 新兴趋势 (Emerging Trends)
- Blockchain in Trade 区块链贸易
- Digital Twin 数字孪生
- AI in Logistics 物流人工智能
- Green Supply Chain 绿色供应链
- Carbon Footprint 碳足迹
- Circular Economy 循环经济
- Nearshoring 近岸外包
- E-commerce Live Streaming 电商直播
- Dropshipping 代发货
- Smart Contracts 智能合约
27. 实用缩写 (Common Abbreviations)
- ASAP 尽快
- FYI 供参考
- EOD 当日截止
- TBD 待定
- POA 授权书
- NB 注意
- COD 货到付款
- O/A 赊账
- B2B 企业对企业交易
- B2C 企业对消费者交易
28. 补充高频术语 (Additional High-Frequency Terms)
- Proforma Invoice 形式发票
- Certificate of Origin 原产地证
- Letter of Indemnity 赔偿保证书
- Demurrage Charge 滞期费
- Detention Charge 滞留费
- Freight Collect 运费到付
- Freight Prepaid 运费预付
- On-carriage 续运
- Transshipment 转运
- Cross Trade 转口贸易
29. 谈判与沟通 (Negotiation & Communication)
- Bargaining Power 议价能力
- Win-Win Solution 双赢方案
- Trade-off 权衡
- Deadline Extension 延期截止
- Follow-up Email 跟进邮件
- Cold Calling 电话推销
- Sales Pitch 销售话术
- Non-binding Offer 非约束性报价
- Verbal Agreement 口头协议
- Written Confirmation 书面确认
30. 风险管理 (Risk Management)
- Credit Check 资信调查
- Currency Hedge 货币对冲
- Political Risk 政治风险
- Contingency Plan 应急预案
- Force Majeure Clause 不可抗力条款
外贸人必备术语解析:从风险评估到退出策略
掌握核心词汇,提升业务能力
Insurance Deductible 保险免赔额
Risk Assessment 风险评估
Diversification 多元化
Escalation Clause 升级条款
Exit Strategy 退出策略

