印度专利局（Indian Patent Office，IPO），隶属于印度商业和工业部工业政策和促进局下设的专利、外观设计及商标管理总局（CGPDTM），成立于150年前，负责授予印度专利。
IPO也被认可为PCT国际检索单位和国际初步审查单位，并于2013年10月15日开始运作。
IPO设有不同的分局管理专利业务，包括孟买分局、钦奈分局、新德里分局、加尔各答分局。申请人或首次提及的申请人如果是联合申请人，可以在其通常居住地、拥有住所或营业地点或发明实际所在地的相应专利局提出专利申请。
对于非印度居民或在印度没有住所或营业地的申请人，其在印度的服务地址或其专利代理人的营业地点决定了可以提交专利申请的相应专利局。
印度专利的保护期最长为20年，自申请日起算。如果是通过PCT申请、进入国家阶段后获得的印度专利，保护期最长20年，自提交PCT国际申请之日起算。
在印度获得有效专利的途径有两种：第一，提出专利PCT申请并指定印度，进入国家阶段后获得印度专利；第二，直接向IPO提出申请获得印度专利。
直接在IPO递交申请具体程序如下：
1.提交申请
专利申请人可向IPO提交临时申请或完整申请，并缴纳相应费用。
专利申请需要提交的文件包括：
申请书：写明申请人姓名和地址、发明者的姓名和地址以及国籍；
申请表格：需要在提交申请之日起的6个月内提交；
专利说明书：专利申请应提交临时或完整说明书。申请时提交临时说明书的，应当自申请日起12个月内提交完整说明书。未按时提交的，视为放弃专利申请；
必须的绘图或者照片；
摘要：专利申请时提交；
授权委托书：在申请日提出日起的6个月内都可提交；
优先权证明（如有）。
印度专利申请文件可以使用印地语或英语撰写。
2.公开申请
自专利申请日或优先权日中较早者起，18个月后，IPO将公开专利申请。
申请人可以选择请求早期公开。提交早期公开请求可以加速专利审查流程。IPO在收到早期公开申请后1周内进行专利公开。
3.授权前异议
专利申请被公开后，任何人都可以提交书面异议。但是只有申请人提出要求实质审查请求后，IPO才会受理授权前异议申请。
IPO会将异议内容呈现给申请人，申请人在收到通知3个月内可以提交证据和声明。
4.实质审查
自专利申请日或优先权日中较早者起，申请人可在48个月内请求IPO对专利申请进行实质审查。
如果申请人不提出实审请求，IPO不会对专利申请进行实质审查。如果申请人希望加速专利申请流程，则需要尽早地提出专利实质审查请求。
审查员将检查所申请的发明是否可被授予专利，以及是否符合《专利法》的其他要求。之后，审查员会发出初次审查报告（FER）。
申请人需在报告发出后的6个月内，对其中提出的问题予以答复。该时限可以延长3个月，因此答复期最长不超过9个月。
5.授权或驳回
如果审查员在进行实质审查后认为专利申请符合授权条件，或者审查报告中提出的问题得到解决，则会进行专利授权。同时，授权将被公开。
如申请人未在6或9个月内解决审查报告提出的问题，专利申请将被驳回。
6.授权后异议
专利授权被公开后1年内，任何利害关系人都可以向印度专利局提出异议。
7.上诉
专利申请人不服IPO决定的，可以向知识产权上诉委员会（IPAB）提出上诉。
IPAB成立于2003年，负责受理对专利、外观设计及商标等裁决不满案件的上诉，在钦奈、艾哈迈达巴德、新德里、孟买和加尔各答等5地设有上诉庭。
The Indian Patent Office (IPO), under the Directorate General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks Management (CGPDTM) under the Directorate of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, was established 150 years ago to grant patents in India.
The IPO is also recognised as a PCT International Searching Unit and International Preliminary Examining Unit and commenced operations on 15 October 2013.
The IPO has different branch offices to manage patent operations, including the Mumbai Branch Office, Chennai Branch Office, New Delhi Branch Office, and Kolkata Branch Office.
An applicant or an applicant mentioned for the first time who is a joint applicant may file a patent application at the appropriate Patent Office where the applicant is ordinarily resident, has a domicile or place of business or where the invention is physically located.
In the case of an applicant who is not a resident of India or does not have a domicile or place of business in India, the address of his services in India or the place of business of his patent agent determines the appropriate Patent Office where the patent application may be filed.
The maximum period of protection for an Indian patent is 20 years from the filing date. In the case of an Indian patent obtained through a PCT application, after entering the national phase, the maximum period of protection is 20 years from the date of filing of the PCT international application.
There are two ways to obtain a valid patent in India: firstly, filing a PCT application with India designation and obtaining an Indian patent after entering the national phase; secondly, filing an application directly with the IPO to obtain an Indian patent.
The specific procedures for filing an application directly with the IPO are as follows:
1. Filing an Application
A patent applicant may file a provisional application or a complete application with the IPO and pay the appropriate fees.
The documents required to be filed for patent application include:
Application form: stating the name and address of the applicant, the name and address of the inventor and the nationality;
Application form: which needs to be submitted within 6 months from the date of filing the application;
Patent specification: a provisional or complete specification should be submitted with the patent application.
If a provisional specification is filed with the application, a complete specification shall be filed within 12 months from the date of filing. Failure to file on time shall be deemed abandonment of the patent application;
Required drawings or photographs;
Abstract: Submitted with the patent application;
Power of Attorney:can be filed within 6 months from the filing date of the application;
Proof of priority (if any).
Indian patent application documents can be written in Hindi or English.
2. Public Application
The IPO will disclose the patent application after 18 months from the earlier of the patent application date or the priority date.
The applicant has the option of requesting an early disclosure. The filing of a request for early disclosure accelerates the patent examination process, and the IPO will disclose the patent within 1 week of receipt of the request for early disclosure.
3. Pre-grant Opposition
After a patent application is disclosed, anyone can file a written opposition. However, the IPO will only accept a pre-grant opposition if the applicant has filed a request for substantive examination, and the IPO will present the content of the opposition to the applicant, and the applicant can submit evidence and declarations within 3 months after receiving the notice.
4.Substantive Examination
The applicant may request the IPO to substantively examine the patent application within 48 months from the earlier of the filing date of the patent application or the priority date.
If the applicant does not file a request for substantive examination, the IPO will not conduct a substantive examination of the patent application.
If the applicant wishes to accelerate the patent application process, he/she needs to file a request for substantive examination of the patent as early as possible.
The examiner will check whether the applied-for invention is patentable and whether it meets the other requirements of the Patent Act. The examiner will then issue a First Examination Report (FER).
The applicant is required to respond to the issues raised therein within six months of the issuance of the report. This time limit can be extended by three months, so that the maximum response period will not exceed nine months.
5. Authorisation or Rejection
If the Examiner, after conducting a substantive examination, finds that the patent application meets the conditions for grant, or that the issues raised in the examination report have been resolved, the patent will be granted. At the same time, the grant will be made public.
If the applicant fails to resolve the issues raised in the examination report within 6 or 9 months, the patent application will be rejected.
6. Post-grant Opposition
Any interested party can file an opposition with the Indian Patent Office within 1 year after the grant of the patent has been made public.
7. Appeals
A patent applicant who is not satisfied with the decision of the IPO can appeal to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB).
The IPAB was established in 2003 to hear appeals in cases of dissatisfaction with decisions on patents, designs and trade marks, and has Appellate Benches at 5 locations - Chennai, Ahmedabad, New Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata.
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栏目策划：斐尔德
内容来源：IPO官网、中国保护知识产权网官网（翻译：DeepL翻译）
资料搜集：刘亚东
排版：丁田懿
审校：世庙枕顶
封面图和内文图制作：斐尔德团队
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