国际能源署之展望—投资和创新是实现零排放目标的关键

国际能源署（International Energy Agency，简称IEA）2021年10月13日发布了《2021年世界能源展望》（WEO-2021）。如广泛预测的那样，2021年煤和石油的使用大幅反弹，成为有史以来二氧化碳年度排放量第二多的年度。虽然国际能源署为实现“2050年净排放为零”的目标作出了财政承诺，但在可持续能源方面的公共支出估计还只调用了所需投资的三分之一 。

The International Energy Agency (IEA) released its World Energy Outlook 2021 (WEO-2021) on 13 October 2021. As widely predicted, 2021 saw a large rebound in coal and oil use resulting in the second-largest annual increase in CO2 emissions in history. While financial commitments have been made towards reaching the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions 2050 scenario, public spending on sustainable energy has only mobilized an estimated one-third of the required investment.

《2021年世界能源展望》中强调了四项关键措施，以便缩小当前承诺与未来十年的目标、2030年之后的目标之间的差距。这些措施包括:

The WEO-2021 highlights four key measures that can close the gap between current pledges and those required to meet the targeted trajectory over the next ten years and post-2030. These include:

• 清洁电能 – 据预计，需要将当前的太阳能和风能的部署比已经宣布的项目增加一倍，扩展到其他低排放的发电系统，包括在可接受情况下发展核电，建设电力基础设施，逐步淘汰煤炭，扩大在运输和供暖中的电力使用。

  Clean Electrification – This is predicted to require doubling solar and wind deployment compared to already announced projects, expanding into other low-emission electricity generation systems including nuclear where acceptable, building-out electricity infrastructure, phasing out of coal, and expanding electricity use for transport and heating.

• 能源效率 – 包括采取措施通过提高材料利用率和改变行为习惯来调节能源服务需求。国际能源署预测任何额外的能源效率收益当中的80%将给消费者带来成本节约。

  
  

  Energy Efficiency – This includes measures to temper energy service demands through materials efficiency and behavioural change. The IEA estimate 80% of any additional energy efficiency gains would result in cost savings to consumers.

• 削减甲烷排放 – 快速减少甲烷排放被视为是减少环境影响的一个关键，特别是在石油和天然气作业中。

  
  

  Cutting Methane Emissions – Rapid reductions in methane emissions are seen as a key opportunity, particularly in oil and gas operations, to reduce environmental impacts.

• 清洁能源创新 – 尽管实现2030年减排目标所需要的技术已经有了，但实现2050年进一步减排目标所需技术还处在示范或雏形阶段。目前对部署氢基燃料和其他低碳燃料以及CCUS（碳的捕获、利用与封存技术）方面的投入还不够。仍然需要大量投资来促进这些领域的创新 。

  
  

  Clean Energy Innovation – While technologies needed to achieve the significant emissions cuts targeted for 2030 are available, those required for the further 2050 target are at the demonstration or prototype stage. Current commitments fall short for deployed hydrogen-based and other low-carbon fuels, as well as CCUS. Significant investment is needed to boost innovation in these areas.

本份展望报告在第26届联合国气候变化大会（COP26）在英国格拉斯哥召开前几周发布并非巧合，因为国际能源署正在呼吁与会各方表达有意实现本展望报告里提出的议程。为了缩小差距以实现目标，在清洁能源项目和基础设施方面的年度投资需要激增，到2030年需达到近4万亿美元，但是上述措施——推动清洁电能、提高能源效率、减少甲烷排放以及涡轮增压清洁创新——也代表着一个市场机遇。在这些领域拥有创新技术的公司将处于有利地位，可以最大限度地利用这一市场潜力。

The timing of the report, weeks before COP26 in Glasgow, is not a coincidence as the IEA is calling on participants of the conference to signal an intention to realise the agenda laid out in WEO-2021. While closing the gap to meet the targeted trajectory is estimated to require a surge in annual investment in clean energy projects and infrastructure to nearly USD 4 trillion by 2030; the stated measures: driving clean electrification, improving energy efficiency, reducing methane emissions, and turbocharging clean innovation represent a market opportunity. Companies with innovative technologies in these sectors are well positioned to maximize the potential of this opportunity. 

在所有市场上对创新进行保护是公司经营战略的重要组成部分。麦仕奇能源团队的知识产权专家们在全球能源市场拥有丰富经验，包括在石油和天然气领域及太阳能、风力涡轮机、氢气和CUUS技术领域等。我们的团队可为客户就技术保护和知识产权策略提供建议，如商业化、许可、维权、权利组合管理、尽职调查等。如有需要，请联系本文作者Tomas Karger (tkarger@marks-clerk.com)。

Protecting innovations in all markets accordingly forms an important part of a company’s business strategy. The IP professionals in the Energy team at Marks & Clerk have experience across global energy markets including in the oil and gas sector, as well as experience working with solar, wind turbine, hydrogen and CUUS technologies. The team works with clients to advise on technology protection and IP strategy, including commercialisation, licensing, enforcement, portfolio management, and due diligence. For further information please contact the author, Tomas Karger (tkarger@marks-clerk.com).