我心可鉴——说唱歌手之间实际并未发生的病毒式合作

一位名为“Ghostwriter”的YouTube网友使用说唱歌手Drake以及The Weeknd的声音训练了AI并制作了一首名为《Heart On My Sleeve》（译者注：含义“我心可鉴”）的歌曲，听起来就像是这两位艺术家的合作作品——它已像病毒一样扩散传播。

A YouTuber called Ghostwriter has used AI software trained on the voices of rappers Drake and The Weeknd to produce a track called Heart On My Sleeve that sounds like a work of the two artists - and it's going viral.

该歌曲的视频已在YouTube上获得了数十万的浏览量，其中交替出现的两个声音听起来非常像这两位说唱歌手本人的声音。该YouTube歌曲的音质不如真正录制歌曲的音质那么好，但乍听之下，仍然很容易忽悠不知情的听众。网友“Ghostwriter”似乎还制作了其他“山寨”歌曲，包括让“Kanye West”（译者注：坎爷—坎耶·维斯特）翻唱Drake的热门歌曲《Passion Fruit》。“坎爷”在该歌曲中的AI人声质量似乎更差——该首早期作品里含混不清的自动调谐音质或许也能让人了解到早期克隆人声的迭代。

The track's video, which has already racked up hundreds of thousands of views on YouTube, features two voices trading verses that sound uncannily like the rappers'. The sound quality of the YouTube track is not quite as polished as a genuine track, but it could very easily dupe unknowing listeners if heard out of context. Ghostwriter appears to have produced other 'fake' songs, including 'Kanye West' covering Drake's hit Passion Fruit. 'Kanye's' AI vocals on this track seem lower quality than those on Heart On My Sleeve - the slurred, autotuned voice on this earlier effort perhaps providing an insight into earlier iterations of cloned-voice tracks.

在研究本事例时，我听了数次《Heart On My Sleeve》，不可否认，它很吸引人。那么，这首热门歌曲会让它的创作以及被绑定一起的艺术家们（一边是Drake和The Weeknd，另一边是“Ghostwriter”和他的AI软件）何去何从呢？

Having listened to Heart On My Sleeve a number of times while looking into this story, it is undeniably catchy. So where does this hit leave the artists linked to its creation - Drake and The Weeknd on one side, and Ghostwriter and their AI software on the other?

有趣地看到，BBC评论声称“《Heart On My Sleeve》是并未侵犯版权的一个例子，因为它似乎是一个完全原创的作品”*。这一立场完全掩盖了我们目前在各个艺术领域都在努力解决的一个棘手问题，即在原创作品上训练AI软件（Ghostwriter看来一定这么做过的）是否可能构成版权侵权行为。2023年1月，Getty Images向高等法院提起诉讼，称Stability AI在训练Stable Diffusion 期间处理大量图像及其元数据，包括其拥有或代表的版权内容，因此侵犯了其知识产权。创意产业的从业者希望，AI生成器背后的企业在使用他们的原始创意作品来训练AI并使之从中学习及建树时，对使用行为进行付费，我们开始看到这一立场在法院经受考验。

It is interesting the BBC have asserted in their commentary* that "Heart On My Sleeve, for example, does not infringe copyright, as it appears to be an entirely original composition". However this stance completely glosses over the thorny question we are grappling with across the arts right now of whether training AI software on original works (as it appears Ghostwriter must have done) may count as copyright infringement. In January 2023 Getty Images filed a claim in the High Court of Justice that Stability AI infringed their intellectual property rights, including copyright in content owned or represented by Getty Images, by processing vast quantities of images and their metadeta during their training of Stable Diffusion. Those in the creative industry want the businesses behind AI generators to pay for use of the original creative works that their AI has learnt from and built upon, and we are starting to see this position being tested in the Courts.

BBC还声称“‘Ghostwriter’也明确表示Drake及The Weeknd并未参与本歌曲的创作，应该（理论上）可以使其免受“假冒”的指控——即通过误导听众以为是真正的录制歌曲而从中获利”。

The BBC also claim that "[Ghostwriter] has also made it explicit that Drake and The Weeknd were not involved in the making of the song, which should (in theory) protect them from a "passing off" claim, where they profit from misleading the audience into believing it is genuine".

但是人类艺术家并未参与其中，这是“确定的”吗？在YouTube上，该歌曲被简单地称为“ghostwriter –《heart on my sleeve》（Drake的AI歌曲且The Weeknd有份参与），在该视频的描述中可没有歌曲创作的任何解释说明。此外，也未提到AI或 Ghostwriter。

But is it "explicit" that the human artists were not involved? On YouTube the song is simply called "ghostwriter - heart on my sleeve (Drake AI Song feat. The Weeknd) with no explanatory notes about the song's creation in the video's description. Additionally, there is no mention of AI or Ghostwriter on the track itself.

围绕AI内容包括本歌曲的版权归属及侵权的问题，要比BBC指出的复杂得多，创作者从原始作品中汲取灵感进行内容创作时，需要十分小心。

The questions around copyright ownership and infringement in respect of AI content such as this track are much more complex than the BBC suggest, and creators should be very careful when taking inspiration from original works in the production of their content.

随着AI变得越来越强大和易于获得，我们恐怕只会面临更多此类版权问题。

As AI becomes increasingly powerful and accessible, we are only going to face more of these copyright questions.