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《世界知识产权组织技术趋势》系列的首份报告定义和衡量了人工智能领域的创新成果。报告显示，自上世纪50年代人工智能出现以来，34万余份人工智能发明专利申请和超过160万篇（部）科学出版物得以公开和发表，而其中的多半专利是2013年以后公开的。
The first publication in the "WIPO Technology Trends" series defines and measures innovations in artificial intelligence(AI),uncovering more than 340,000 AI-related patent applications and 1.6 million scientific papers published since AI first emerged in the 1950s, with the majority of all AI-related patent filings published since 2013.
该首份技术趋势报告，为政府和企业的决策者以及全球有志于此的公民提供了人工智能领域的公共性信息，他们正在努力应对这新技术带来的影响，这种新技术可能将颠覆经济、社会和文化活动等的许多领域。
This inaugural Technology Trends report provides a common information base on AI for policy and decision makers in government and business, as well as concerned citizens across the globe, who are grappling with the ramifications of a new technology that promises to upend many areas of economic, socialand cultural activity.
WIPO总干事高锐指出，人工智能领域的专利申请数量正在迅猛增长，这意味着人工智能新产品、新应用和新技术会大量出现，将改变人们的日常生活，同时也会决定未来人类与机器如何交互。
“Patenting activity in the artificial intelligence realm is rising at a rapid pace,meaning we can expect a very significant number of new AI-based products,applications and techniques that will alter our daily lives – and also shape future human interaction with the machines we created,” said WIPO Director General Francis Gurry.
WIPO Director General Francis Gurry presents ground-breaking report on AI innovation to journalists in Geneva. (Photo:WIPO/Berrod)
高锐指出，人工智能对人类发展的未来影响是深远的。最大限度拓展人工智能带来的广泛利益，并解决道德、法律和监管方面挑战的第一步，是为理解人工智能创造一个共同的事实基础。在揭幕我们的“世界知识产权组织技术趋势”系列的第一篇时，我们乐于提出基于事实证据的预测，从而为关于人工智能的未来、其治理和支撑它的知识产权框架的全球决策制定提供信息。
“AI’s ramifications for the future of human development are profound. The first step in maximizing the widespread benefit of AI, while addressing ethical, legal and regulatory challenges, is to create a common factual basis for understanding of artificial intelligence. In unveiling the first in our “WIPO Technology Trends” series, WIPO is pleased to contribute evidence-based projections, thereby informing global policymaking on the future of AI, its governance and the IP framework that supports it,”said Mr. Gurry.
研究结果
Among the study’s findings
自从人工智能在20世纪50年代出现以来，创新者和研究人员在2016年之前已经申请了近34万项与人工智能相关的发明，并出版了超过160万份科学出版物。（第一章）
Since AI emerged in the 1950s, innovators and researchers have filed applications for nearly 340,000 AI-related inventions through 2016 and published over 1.6 million scientific publications.(Chapter 1).
与人工智能相关的专利正在迅速增长，自2013年以来，已确认的发明中有一半以上已被公布。（第三章）
AI-related patenting is growing rapidly, with more than half of the identified inventions published since 2013. (Chapter 3).
在前30名的人工智能专利申请者中，企业占26家，其余大学或公共研究机构占4家。（第四章）
Companies represent 26 out ofthe top 30 AI patent applicants, with universities or public research organizations accounting for the remaining four. (Chapter 4).
截至2016年年底，美国国际商业机器公司（IBM）拥有最大的人工智能专利申请数量，拥有8,290项发明；其次是美国微软公司（Microsoft），拥有5,930项发明。排在前五位的是：日本东芝公司（Toshiba）（5,223项）、韩国三星集团（Samsung）（5,102项）和日本电气集团（NEC）（4,406项）。（第四章）
United States-based International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) had the largest portfolio of AI patent applications with 8,290 inventions at the end of 2016, followed by U.S.-based Microsoft Corp. with 5,930. Rounding out the top five applicants are: Japan-based Toshiba Corp. (5,223), Samsung Group, of Republic of Korea(5,102) and NEC Group, of Japan (4,406). (Chapter 4).
在前30名专利申请人中，学术机构中共占4位，来自中国的组织占其中3位，中科院拥有超过2,500项专利族，排名第17位。中国组织在人工智能专利申请的前20名学术参与者中占了17名，在人工智能相关科学出版物的前20名中占了10名。（第四章）
Chinese organizations account for 3 of the 4 academic players featuring in the top 30 patent applicants, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranking 17th with over 2,500 patent families. Among academic players, Chinese organizations account for 17 of the top 20 academic players in AI patenting as well as 10 of the top 20 in AI-related scientific publications.(Chapter 4).
人工智能技术
AI techniques
机器学习，特别是彻底改变机器翻译的神经网络，是披露专利中的占主导地位的人工智能技术，包括在三分之一以上的所有已识别的发明中。机器学习，比如乘坐共享服务用来最小化弯道的技术，从2013年的9,567项专利申请增长到2016年的20,195项，总体增长了111%，平均年增长率约为28%。（第三章）
Machine learning, in particular the neural networks that have revolutionized machine translation, is the dominant AI technique disclosed in patents, included in more than one-third of all identified inventions. Machine learning, such as techniques that are being used by ride-sharing services to minimize detours, grew from 9,567 patent applications in 2013 to 20,195 in 2016, a 111 percent overall increase, orabout 28 percent average annual growth. (Chapter 3).
深度学习，一种使人工智能发生革命性的变革的，包括语音识别系统在内的机器学习技术，它是发展最快的人工智能技术，专利申请增长了近20倍，从2013年的118项增加到了2016年的2,399项，平均年增长率为175%。
Deep learning, amachine-learning technique revolutionizing AI that includes speech recognition systems, is the fastest growing AI technique with a nearly 20-fold increase in patent applications, from 118 in 2013 to 2,399 in 2016, or a 175 percent average annual growth rate.
作为参考，同期所有技术的专利申请数量仅增长了33%，平均年增长率仅为10%。（第三章）
For reference, the number of patent applications for all technologies grew by only 33 percent in the same period, or a 10 percent average annual rate. (Chapter 3)
人工智能应用
AI applications
包括图像识别的计算机视觉，是实现自动驾驶汽车的关键性技术，它是最热门的人工智能应用程序，在所有与人工智能相关的专利中，有49%提到了这一点。（第三章）
Computer vision, which includes image recognition and is crucial for the implementation of self-driving cars, is the most popular AI application, mentioned in 49 percent of all AI-related patents. (Chapter 3).
机器人人工智能从2013年的622项专利申请增长到2016年的2,272项，总体增长265%，年均增长55%。（第三章）
AI for robotics grew from 622 patent applications in 2013 to 2,272 in 2016, a 265 percent overall increase,or 55 percent average annual growth. (Chapter 3).
管理诸如机器人手臂等设备行为的控制方法专利申请数量从2013年的193项增长到2016年的698项，总体增长262%，年均增长55%。（第三章）
Patent applications for control methods, which manage the behavior of devices such as robotic arms,rose from 193 in 2013 to 698 in 2016, a 262 percent increase, or 55 percent average annual growth. (Chapter 3).
人工智能在工业部门
AI in industrial sectors
包括自动汽车在内的交通运输部门，是与人工智能相关的增长速度最快的领域之一。报告显示，2016年有8,764份专利文件，比2013年的3,738份文件增加了134%，年均增长率为33%（2013-2016年间，所有已确认专利文件中，19%与交通运输部门有关）。（第三章）
The transportation sector, including autonomous vehicles, is among the fields with the fastest rate of AI-related growth. It showed 8,764 filings in 2016, a 134 percent increase from 3,738 filings in 2013, or a 33 percent annual average growth rate (19 percent of all identified patent documents between 2013-2016 were related to the transportation sector). (Chapter 3.)
人工智能对于改善电信领域的网络至关重要，2016年收到6,684份专利文件，比2013年的3,625份增加了84%，即年均增长率为23%（2013-2016年所有已确认专利文件中，15%与电信领域有关）。（第三章）
AI is essential for improving networks in the telecommunications field, which saw 6,684 filings in 2016, up 84 percent from 3,625 in 2013, or a 23 percent annual average growth rate(mentioned in 15 percent of all identified patent documents between 2013-2016 were related to telecommunications). (Chapter 3.)
在生命与医疗科学领域，人工智能可被应用于机器人手术和个性化药物，2016年收到4,112份专利文件，比2013年的2,942份增加了40%，即年均增长率为12%（2013-2016年所有已确认专利文件中，11%与生命与医疗科学领域有关）。（第三章）
Life and medical sciences, where AI can be applied to robotic surgery and drug personalization, grew to 4,112 filings in 2016, up 40 percent from 2,942 in2013, or a 12 percent annual average growth rate (mentioned in 11 percent of all identified patent documents between 2013-2016 were related to life and medical sciences). (Chapter 3.)
个人设备、计算机和人机交互领域的专利文件，在2016年增长到3,977份，比2013年的2,915份增长了36%，年平均增长率为11%。（2013-2016年所有已确认专利文件中，11%与个人设备、计算机和人机交互有关）。人工智能在智能手机的许多技术中都得以应用，比如智能助理和相机，它们可以识别面部特征，以实现完美的人像摄影。（第三章）
Personal devices, computing and human-computer interaction grew to 3,977 filings in 2016, up 36 percent from 2,915 in 2013, for an 11 percent average annual growth rate (mentioned in 11 percent of all identified patent documents between 2013-2016 were related to personal devices, computing and human-computer interaction). AI is implemented in many technologies in smartphones, including intelligent assistants and cameras that identify facial features for perfect portrait photography. (Chapter 3.)
翻译自：WIPO官网
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