After-Final Consideration and Pilot Programs
By Mandy J. Song, Ph.D. and Gavin G. Ye, Ph.D.
美国专利最终驳回后需要考虑的因素及试行计划
宋嘉瑜博士,叶刚博士
III. USPTO AFTER-FINAL PILOT PROGRAMS
美国专利与商标局的最终驳回后再考虑试行计划
As part of the USPTO’s ongoing efforts towards compact prosecution, the office has launched several pilot programs to expedite the after final responses and effectively advance prosecution. Some of these programs aim to increase collaboration between examiners and stakeholders (e.g., AFCP 2.0), some aim to provide a “shortcut” through an otherwise complicated and lengthy process to resolve relatively straightforward issues (e.g., Pre-Appeal Brief Conference), while some others simply provide an opportunity to get reviewed out of turn (e.g., Fast-Track Appeals). Although these programs are “pilot” in nature, they can be extended almost indefinitely if found effective. For example, the Pre-Appeal Brief Conference pilot program started July 2005 but is still “ongoing” after almost 16 years [15] and its rules have made into the MPEP.
美国专利与商标局为了不断地推进申请程序,已经启动了多个试行计划,以加速做出最终驳回后考虑的答复并且有效地促进申请。其中有些计划旨在促进审查员和申请人之间的合作关系(例如,AFCP2.0),还有些计划旨为复杂且漫长的程序来提供一种“捷径”,以解决相对简单的问题(例如,上诉前会议请求),而有些只是简单地提供进行缴费插队的机会(例如,快速上诉计划)。虽然这些计划本质上是“试点性”的,但如果实践中证明有效,则会继续实施下去。例如,上诉前会议请求试行计划开始于2005年7月,如今已经持续实施了几乎16年 [15],其中一些规则被纳入了专利审查程序手册(MPEP)中。
To be eligible, applicant needs to file a response under 37 CFR §1.116, which includes a request for consideration under the pilot (Form PTO/SB/434) and an amendment to at least one independent claim that does not broaden the scope of the independent claim in any aspect [18]. After receiving the AFCP 2.0 request, the USPTO follows the general procedures summarized using the follow chart below:
美国专利和商标局会使用专门的AFCP 2.0表单(PTO-2323)来通知该AFCP 2.0的递交状态。若进行了沟通访谈,表格需随附访谈总结。
B. Pre-Appeal Brief Conference
The Pre-Appeal Brief Conference pilot program, since its creation in July 2005, has been widely used and highly appraised by practitioners. It is particularly useful for tackling “clear legal or factual deficiency in the rejections [19]” without having to go through the costly and lengthy formal appeal process. In general, such deficiency falls into two categories: (1) “clearly improper rejections based upon error(s) in facts”, or (2) “omission or presence of essential elements required to establish a prima facie rejection. [20]” Practically, some of the most common examples of arguments that are appropriate for pre-appeal include:
自2005年7月开始实施以来,上诉前会议请求试点计划已经得到了从业人员的广泛使用和高度评价。无需经历昂贵且漫长的正式上诉程序,这个试点计划对于解决“应对驳回时明显的法律上或事实上的缺陷”[19] 的问题是非常有用的。通常,这种缺陷可分为两类:(1)“基于事实的错误,明显不当的驳回”,或(2)“遗漏或存在表面上拒绝的必要要素。[20]” 实际上,一些适合于上诉前会议请求的最常见的争议示例包括:
The applied reference is not in fact prior art.
Inventive entity is clearly not one to which reference can be applied.
A claim element that is clearly not present in applied art.
Support in the disclosure is clearly found, contrary to a 112(a) rejection or contrary to the rejection’s assertion otherwise.
No rationale is provided in a 103 rejection.
-
No evidentiary basis for a 103 rationale is provided in the rejection. -
用来驳回申请的文献实际上不是现有技术 所用文献明显不能用来驳回发明实体的申请
现有技术显然缺失了某些权要因素
与112(a)驳回意见相悖,说明书明显提供了足够的支持
103驳回意见中没有提供任何理由
-
驳回意见中没有提供103根据的证据基础
如要参与该试行计划,申请人必须递交上诉通知和上诉前会议请求,并在分开的文件中附上论点 [21]。该请求(包括论点)的页数限制为五页。收到请求后,主管审查员将指定一个由三名审查员组成的小组,以审查上诉人的陈述和审查员的驳回意见 [22]。审查之后,USPTO会邮寄有关申请状态的决定,决定将给出以下三个结果之一:(1)由于至少有一项实际的上诉问题,申请将进入正式上诉程序;(2)重新开启申请审查并且将发出新的OA;或者(3)申请可授权,将发出授权及缴费通知(Notice of Allowance)[23]。
在上诉前会议请求的结果中,直接批准可授权的申请并不多,但有相当多的案件可以撤回目前的驳回决定并重新启动申请审查。通过由审查员小组审查驳回和论点,申请人获得了宝贵的机会,让新的审查员对案件进行“重新审视”而因此给出可能的不同意见,以打破与被指派的审查员的审查僵局。如果审查小组确定申请需要正式上诉,则申请人可以选择将申请递交委员会进行正式上诉,也可以选择递交权要修改和继续审查请求以继续进行申请。
C. Fast-Track Appeals Pilot Program
The Fast-Track Appeals Pilot Program was launched on July 2, 2020. Under the pilot program, appellants can have their ex parte appeals advanced out of turn. To be eligible, appellant needs to file a petition under 37 C.F.R. §41.3 and pay a $420 petition fee under 37 C.F.R. §41.20(a) [24]. If the petition is granted, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) targets to issue a decision within six months from the date the petition is granted and the appeal is entered into the pilot program [25]. In fact, according to USPTO’s published data, it takes the office an average of only 1.4 days to decide the petition, and the PTAB an average decision time of about 2.2 months from the date the petition for fast-track review was granted [26]. Compared to the average appeal time for cases (about 13 months as of February 2021), the overall decision time under this pilot program is at least 50% faster.
尽管PTAB努力推广,但该试点计划目前并未像AFCP 2.0或上诉前会议请求计划那样受欢迎。虽然在该计划中,美国专利与商标局每季度可以批准125份诉状,但自该计划启动以来的三个季度,截至2021年4月2日,总共只批准了147份诉状,远少于设定的上限。笔者猜测这可能是由于以下原因:与10年前悬而未决的上诉的相比,没有进行快速上诉审查的判决时间(约13个月)本身就处于创纪录的低水平,几乎只是10年前的四分之一。如果悬而未决的上诉开始累积且判决速度开始放慢,那么该试点计划可能得到更多的关注。
结论
Multiple options are available for responding to a final office action. Each option offers unique benefits that might suit particular patenting needs. Which option to use is ultimately a strategic decision made based on considerations such as whether further amendment is needed, the balance between broad protection scope and speed to obtain an issued patent, and applicant’s budget on attorney fees and USPTO fees. Several pilot programs currently available could further facilitate compact prosecution after final rejections.
16 79 Fed. Reg. 29117, https://www.uspto.gov/patents/initiatives/after-final-consideration-pilot-20.
17 After Final Consideration Pilot 2.0, https://www.uspto.gov/patents/initiatives/after-final-consideration-pilot-20.
18 Guidelines for Considerations of Responses After Final Rejection under 37 CFR 1.116(b) under the After Final Consideration Pilot 2.0 (AFCP 2.0), https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/patents/init_events/afcp_guidelines.pdf 19 See New Pre-Appeal Brief Conference Pilot Program, https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2005/week28/patbref.htm
20 Id.
21 See MPEP §1204.02.
22 Id.
23 Id.
24 Fast-track appeals pilot program, https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab/fast-track-appeals-pilot-program.
25 Id.
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教育背景
执业资格
执业经验
宋嘉瑜(Mandy)律师在美国专利申请、客户咨询、专利组合管理、美国联邦地区法院诉讼和国际贸易委员会337调查、以及专利局专利审判与上诉委员会(PTAB)的授权后无效程序等业务领域有着十多年的经验。Mandy尤其擅长电子、计算机、以及生物医学方面的专利案件。
教育背景
执业资格
执业经验
叶刚(Gavin Ye)律师的执业范围包括专利法的各个领域。他在专利申请,专利转让,专利组合管理,客户咨询,美国联邦地区法院诉讼和国际贸易委员会337调查,以及专利局专利审判与上诉委员会(PTAB)的授权后无效程序等业务领域有着近十年的经验。他在专利法各个领域的丰富经验让他能够系统性策略性的帮助客户保护知识产权同时抵御侵权主张。
在加入百琞(Bayes)律师事务所之前,Gavin在美国飞翰(Finnegan)律师事务所执业近十年。

「关于Bayes百琞」
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