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百琞分享| 合伙人宋嘉瑜与叶刚受波士顿专利法协会约稿发表关于美国申请受到最终驳回后需要考虑的因素及美国专利局试行计划的文章(下)

百琞分享| 合伙人宋嘉瑜与叶刚受波士顿专利法协会约稿发表关于美国申请受到最终驳回后需要考虑的因素及美国专利局试行计划的文章(下) Bayes美国知识产权
2021-06-11
2
导读:百琞合伙人宋嘉瑜律师及叶刚律师近日在BPLA Newsletter上发表了最终驳回后考虑及试点计划的文章,该文章旨在介绍美国专利申请在收到最终驳回后,从业者可以选择的各项方案和需要考虑的因素及美国专利
本文旨在介绍美国专利申请在收到最终驳回后,从业者可以选择的各项方案和需要考虑的因素及美国专利商标局目前提供的一些试点方案。
此次文章将继续发布本文原文的后半部分及中文译文,上篇请详见【百琞分享| 合伙人宋嘉瑜与叶刚受波士顿专利法协会约稿发表关于美国申请受到最终驳回后需要考虑的因素及美国专利局试行计划的文章(上)】
本文的原文链接可点击文后“阅读原文”跳转
关于BPLA Newsletter

BPLA成立于1924年,是美国最古老的、且目前还在持续活跃的知识产权法律协会之一。BPLA Newsletter是一个专注于知识产权领域的季刊,其在刊物中会介绍有关知识产权法律领域的最新消息、未来趋势和热点话题。它刊登的内容通常由BPLA的杰出成员撰写。
英文原文及文章翻译

After-Final Consideration and Pilot Programs

By Mandy J. Song, Ph.D. and Gavin G. Ye, Ph.D.

美国专利最终驳回后需要考虑的因素及试行计划

宋嘉瑜博士,叶刚博士

III. USPTO AFTER-FINAL PILOT PROGRAMS

美国专利与商标局的最终驳回后再考虑试行计划

As part of the USPTO’s ongoing efforts towards compact prosecution, the office has launched several pilot programs to expedite the after final responses and effectively advance prosecution.  Some of these programs aim to increase collaboration between examiners and stakeholders (e.g., AFCP 2.0), some aim to provide a “shortcut” through an otherwise complicated and lengthy process to resolve relatively straightforward issues (e.g., Pre-Appeal Brief Conference), while some others simply provide an opportunity to get reviewed out of turn (e.g., Fast-Track Appeals).  Although these programs are “pilot” in nature, they can be extended almost indefinitely if found effective.  For example, the Pre-Appeal Brief Conference pilot program started July 2005 but is still “ongoing” after almost 16 years [15] and its rules have made into the MPEP.

美国专利与商标局为了不断地推进申请程序,已经启动了多个试行计划,以加速做出最终驳回后考虑的答复并且有效地促进申请。其中有些计划旨在促进审查员和申请人之间的合作关系(例如,AFCP2.0),还有些计划旨为复杂且漫长的程序来提供一种“捷径”,以解决相对简单的问题(例如,上诉前会议请求),而有些只是简单地提供进行缴费插队的机会(例如,快速上诉计划)。虽然这些计划本质上是“试点性”的,但如果实践中证明有效,则会继续实施下去。例如,上诉前会议请求试行计划开始于2005年7月,如今已经持续实施了几乎16年 [15],其中一些规则被纳入了专利审查程序手册(MPEP)中。

A. After Final Consideration Pilot 2.0 (AFCP 2.0) Program
A.    最终驳回后再考虑试行计划 2.0 (AFCP 2.0)
AFCP 2.0 pilot program became effective on May 19, 2013 [16] and has been extended multiple times currently through September 30, 2021 [17].  Compared to regular after final response under 37 C.F.R. §1.116, which provides examiners literally no time to consider substantive amendments, AFCP 2.0 authorizes additional time (up to 3 hours for plant and utility applications and up to 1 hour for design applications) for examiners to search and consider responses after final rejection.  If the examiner decides the amendment still does not place the application in condition for allowance, AFCP 2.0 also requires examiners to use the additional time to schedule and conduct an interview to discuss the results of their search and consideration with applicants.  Therefore, the pilot program gives examiners more incentives for considering after final amendments and provide applicants an opportunity to move their applications to allowance after final rejections without having to file an RCE.  Even when the results do not lead to allowance, applicants can benefit from the additional search and consideration afforded by the program.  From a practitioner’s perspective, AFCP 2.0 effectively creates a win-win situation for both the examiners and applicants.
AFCP 2.0于2013年5月19日生效,目前已多次延长至2021年9月30日。根据37 C.F.R. 1.116条做出的常规最终驳回后考虑的答复,实质上没有给审查员提供考虑实质性权要修改的时间,相比之下,AFCP2.0提供了额外的时间(植物和发明专利申请最长是3小时,外观专利申请最长是1小时),供审查员在最终驳回之后检索和审查答复。若审查员认为修改仍不能促使申请获允,那么AFCP2.0还要求审查员利用额外时间安排与申请人就检索和审查结果进行沟通访谈。因此,试行计划激励审查员去审查最终驳回后的修改,并且给申请人提供了无需递交继续审查请求(RCE)即可使申请授权的机会。即便最终没有获得授权,申请人也可以受益于计划所提供的额外搜索和审查。因此,从从业人员的角度来看,AFCP 2.0有效地为审查员和申请人创造了一个双赢的局面。

To be eligible, applicant needs to file a response under 37 CFR §1.116, which includes a request for consideration under the pilot (Form PTO/SB/434) and an amendment to at least one independent claim that does not broaden the scope of the independent claim in any aspect [18]. After receiving the AFCP 2.0 request, the USPTO follows the general procedures summarized using the follow chart below:

要想符合规定,申请人需要根据美国专利法37 CFR 1.116条递交答复,答复中需要包括基于试点计划(Form PTO/SB/434)的请求和至少对一条独权的权要修改,并且修改不能以任何形式拓宽独权的范围 [18]。收到AFCP 2.0的请求后,美国专利和商标局会遵循如下表的处理流程:
The USPTO uses a specialized AFCP 2.0 form (PTO-2323) to communicate the status of the AFCP 2.0 submission.  If an interview is conducted, the form will also accompany an interview summary.

美国专利和商标局会使用专门的AFCP 2.0表单(PTO-2323)来通知该AFCP 2.0的递交状态。若进行了沟通访谈,表格需随附访谈总结。

AFCP 2.0 program has been proven quite successful and thus has been continuously extended.  In the authors’ experience, compared to the regular Amendment after Final scenario, examiners are much more willing to consider substantive amendments under the AFCP 2.0 program and willing to issue notice of allowance if the amendments indeed overcome the rejections.  The authors also had great successes to gauge examiners’ feedback on amendments (e.g., through the required interview) even if the submission does not result in immediate allowance and use the feedback to further amend the application in the right direction.
AFCP 2.0计划实施至今已被证明相当成功,预计也因此会继续实施下去。根据笔者的实务经验,与最终驳回后的常规权要修正相比,审查员会更愿意在AFCP 2.0计划中考虑和审查实质性的修改,并且愿意在修改确实克服了驳回意见的情况下发出授权及缴费通知。即使递交的申请并没有得到授权允许,作者还是能够在评估审查员对权要修正的反馈意见受益,并利用反馈意见进一步更好地修改申请。

B. Pre-Appeal Brief Conference

B.    上诉前会议请求

The Pre-Appeal Brief Conference pilot program, since its creation in July 2005, has been widely used and highly appraised by practitioners.  It is particularly useful for tackling “clear legal or factual deficiency in the rejections [19]”  without having to go through the costly and lengthy formal appeal process.  In general, such deficiency falls into two categories: (1) “clearly improper rejections based upon error(s) in facts”, or (2) “omission or presence of essential elements required to establish a prima facie rejection. [20]”  Practically, some of the most common examples of arguments that are appropriate for pre-appeal include:

自2005年7月开始实施以来,上诉前会议请求试点计划已经得到了从业人员的广泛使用和高度评价。无需经历昂贵且漫长的正式上诉程序,这个试点计划对于解决“应对驳回时明显的法律上或事实上的缺陷”[19] 的问题是非常有用的。通常,这种缺陷可分为两类:(1)“基于事实的错误,明显不当的驳回”,或(2)“遗漏或存在表面上拒绝的必要要素。[20]” 实际上,一些适合于上诉前会议请求的最常见的争议示例包括:

  • The applied reference is not in fact prior art.

  • Inventive entity is clearly not one to which reference can be applied.

  • A claim element that is clearly not present in applied art.

  • Support in the disclosure is clearly found, contrary to a 112(a) rejection or contrary to the rejection’s assertion otherwise.

  • No rationale is provided in a 103 rejection.

  • No evidentiary basis for a 103 rationale is provided in the rejection.
  • 用来驳回申请的文献实际上不是现有技术
  • 所用文献明显不能用来驳回发明实体的申请

  • 现有技术显然缺失了某些权要因素

  • 与112(a)驳回意见相悖,说明书明显提供了足够的支持

  • 103驳回意见中没有提供任何理由

  • 驳回意见中没有提供103根据的证据基础
In order to participate in the pilot program, the applicant has to file a notice of appeal and a request for pre-appeal brief review accompanied by arguments in a separate paper [21].  The request (including the arguments) is limited to five pages.  Upon receiving the request, a supervisory examiner will designate a panel of three reviewers to review the appellant’s remarks and the examiner’s rejections [22].  After the review, the USPTO will mail a decision on the status of the application, stating one of the following three outcomes: the application remains under appeal because there is at least one actual issue for appeal, prosecution on the merits is reopened and a new office action will follow, or the application is allowed and a notice of allowance will follow [23]. 

如要参与该试行计划,申请人必须递交上诉通知和上诉前会议请求,并在分开的文件中附上论点 [21]。该请求(包括论点)的页数限制为五页。收到请求后,主管审查员将指定一个由三名审查员组成的小组,以审查上诉人的陈述和审查员的驳回意见 [22]。审查之后,USPTO会邮寄有关申请状态的决定,决定将给出以下三个结果之一:(1)由于至少有一项实际的上诉问题,申请将进入正式上诉程序;(2)重新开启申请审查并且将发出新的OA;或者(3)申请可授权,将发出授权及缴费通知(Notice of Allowance)[23]。

While not many applications are allowed directly as a result of the pre-appeal brief conference, a considerable number see prosecution reopened and current rejections withdrawn.  By having the rejections and arguments reviewed by a panel of examiners, the applicant gains a valuable opportunity to bring in some “fresh thoughts” and second opinions to break prosecution impasse with the assigned examiner.  If the panel determines that the application remains under appeal, applicant could then decide whether it is ready to take the application to the Board for a formal appeal or instead file an amendment with an RCE to continue prosecution.

在上诉前会议请求的结果中,直接批准可授权的申请并不多,但有相当多的案件可以撤回目前的驳回决定并重新启动申请审查。通过由审查员小组审查驳回和论点,申请人获得了宝贵的机会,让新的审查员对案件进行“重新审视”而因此给出可能的不同意见,以打破与被指派的审查员的审查僵局。如果审查小组确定申请需要正式上诉,则申请人可以选择将申请递交委员会进行正式上诉,也可以选择递交权要修改和继续审查请求以继续进行申请。

C. Fast-Track Appeals Pilot Program

C.    快速上诉试行计划

The Fast-Track Appeals Pilot Program was launched on July 2, 2020.  Under the pilot program, appellants can have their ex parte appeals advanced out of turn.  To be eligible, appellant needs to file a petition under 37 C.F.R. §41.3 and pay a $420 petition fee under 37 C.F.R. §41.20(a) [24].  If the petition is granted, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) targets to issue a decision within six months from the date the petition is granted and the appeal is entered into the pilot program [25]. In fact, according to USPTO’s published data, it takes the office an average of only 1.4 days to decide the petition, and the PTAB an average decision time of about 2.2 months from the date the petition for fast-track review was granted [26]. Compared to the average appeal time for cases (about 13 months as of February 2021), the overall decision time under this pilot program is at least 50% faster.

快速上诉试行计划于2020年7月2日启动。在该试行计划下,上诉人可以“插队“提出单方面上诉。要符合该计划的参与资格,上诉人需要根据37 C.F.R.41.3条提交诉状并根据37 C.F.R.41.20(a)条支付$ 420的请愿费 [24]。如果请愿被批准,则专利审判和上诉委员会(PTAB)会将上诉纳入试行计划 [25],并将在请愿被批准之日起六个月内做出决定。实际上,根据美国专利与商标局公布的数据,当局平均仅花1.4天来对请求做出决定,而PTAB从批准快速上诉审查之日起平均也只花2.2个月的时间 [26]。与案件的平均上诉时间相比(截至2021年2月,大约为13个月),该试点计划下的总体判决时间至少快了50%。
Despite the diligence of the PTAB, this pilot program has not been as popular as the AFCP 2.0 or Pre-Appeal Brief Conference programs.  While the program allows the USPTO to grant as many as 125 petitions per quarter, three quarters since the program started and as of April 2, 2021, there were only 147 total petitions granted, much less than the set limit.  This is possibly due to the fact that the decision time (about 13 months) without fast-track review is itself at record low comparing to a decade ago when the pending appeals almost quadrupled.  The pilot program could gain more attraction when the pending appeals start to accumulate and decisions start to slow down.

尽管PTAB努力推广,但该试点计划目前并未像AFCP 2.0或上诉前会议请求计划那样受欢迎。虽然在该计划中,美国专利与商标局每季度可以批准125份诉状,但自该计划启动以来的三个季度,截至2021年4月2日,总共只批准了147份诉状,远少于设定的上限。笔者猜测这可能是由于以下原因:与10年前悬而未决的上诉的相比,没有进行快速上诉审查的判决时间(约13个月)本身就处于创纪录的低水平,几乎只是10年前的四分之一。如果悬而未决的上诉开始累积且判决速度开始放慢,那么该试点计划可能得到更多的关注。

IV. CONCLUSIONS

结论

Multiple options are available for responding to a final office action.  Each option offers unique benefits that might suit particular patenting needs.  Which option to use is ultimately a strategic decision made based on considerations such as whether further amendment is needed, the balance between broad protection scope and speed to obtain an issued patent, and applicant’s budget on attorney fees and USPTO fees.  Several pilot programs currently available could further facilitate compact prosecution after final rejections.

有多个选择方案可用于答复最终驳回意见。每种选择方案都有其独特的优势来适应特定的专利需求。使用哪种选择最终都是一项战略性决策,需要考虑的因素包括:是否需要进一步的权要修改,寻求获得广泛的保护范围和获得授权专利的速度之间的平衡点,以及申请人对律师费和USPTO费用的预算。目前存在的几个可用的试点计划可以进一步加快最终驳回后的申请处理速度。

15 See New Pre-Appeal Brief Conference Pilot Program, https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2005/week28/patbref.htm. 

16 79 Fed. Reg. 29117, https://www.uspto.gov/patents/initiatives/after-final-consideration-pilot-20. 

17 After Final Consideration Pilot 2.0, https://www.uspto.gov/patents/initiatives/after-final-consideration-pilot-20. 

18 Guidelines for Considerations of Responses After Final Rejection under 37 CFR 1.116(b) under the After Final Consideration Pilot 2.0 (AFCP 2.0), https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/patents/init_events/afcp_guidelines.pdf 19 See New Pre-Appeal Brief Conference Pilot Program, https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2005/week28/patbref.htm

20 Id. 

21 See MPEP §1204.02.

22 Id.

23 Id. 

24 Fast-track appeals pilot program, https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab/fast-track-appeals-pilot-program. 

25 Id. 

26 Id.
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关于本文作者

宋嘉瑜 (Mandy J. Song) 律师
美国百琞律师事务所 创始合伙人,管理合伙人

教育背景

乔治城大学法学院,法律博士
杜克大学,电子及计算机工程系,博士
杜克大学,生物医学工程系,硕士
清华大学,电气工程及自动化专业,学士

执业资格

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区(DC)律师协会执业律师
弗吉尼亚州律师协会执业律师
退伍军人事务上诉法院出庭资格
美国专利商标局注册专利律师

执业经验

宋嘉瑜(Mandy)律师在美国专利申请、客户咨询、专利组合管理、美国联邦地区法院诉讼和国际贸易委员会337调查、以及专利局专利审判与上诉委员会(PTAB)的授权后无效程序等业务领域有着十多年的经验。Mandy尤其擅长电子、计算机、以及生物医学方面的专利案件。

Mandy精通专利申请业务。她先后为十多个大客户管理着他们的大型专利组合。她亲自撰写、递交和答辩的美国专利申请达数千件。她经常主导与发明人的专利挖掘会议,领导撰写各种复杂技术的专利申请,同审查员进行电话或者当面的会谈,以及向专利审判与上诉委员会提出对最终驳回的上诉。Mandy还能够根据客户需要,将中文交底书直接撰写成英文的专利申请,与发明人及客户法务团队进行中文的交流。
Mandy丰富的诉讼经验包括诉前调查,全方位主导事实和专家证人的调查取证,撰写动议,协同权利要求解释和马克曼(Markman)听证,给证人录口供,撰写建议判决请求,听证,以及庭审。她也精通于解决调查取证过程中的争端以及代表客户进行和解谈判等等。
Mandy服务的客户包括了从创业企业到国际化大集团在内的各种规模的公司。她的客户遍布全球,她也经常去客户的公司现场办公,同客户一起协同作战来更高效地解决他们的知识产权问题。
Mandy经常在“律师在职教育项目”(CLE)中教授各种课程,议题涉及美国专利申请、专利诉讼、PTAB无效程序、行业标准和相关的标准必要专利问题、以及专利的尽职调查等等。Mandy曾经担任乔治华盛顿大学(GWU)法学院的客座教授,为法学院(JD)学生教授法律写作课程。Mandy也长期应邀为杜克大学工程学院的学生讲授美国专利法课程。Mandy还被杜克大学的创业孵化中心聘请为知识产权问题的顾问。
在创办百琞(Bayes)律师事务所之前,Mandy在美国飞翰(Finnegan)律师事务所执业达十余年。
叶刚 (Gavin G. Ye) 律师
美国百琞律师事务所 合伙人

教育背景

乔治华盛顿大学法学院,法律博士
杜克大学,电子及计算机工程系,博士
杜克大学,电子及计算机工程系,硕士
清华大学,电气工程及自动化专业,学士

执业资格

弗吉尼亚州律师协会执业律师
美国专利商标局注册专利律师

执业经验

叶刚(Gavin Ye)律师的执业范围包括专利法的各个领域。他在专利申请,专利转让,专利组合管理,客户咨询,美国联邦地区法院诉讼和国际贸易委员会337调查,以及专利局专利审判与上诉委员会(PTAB)的授权后无效程序等业务领域有着近十年的经验。他在专利法各个领域的丰富经验让他能够系统性策略性的帮助客户保护知识产权同时抵御侵权主张。

Gavin 亲自撰写和答辩超过1000件美国专利申请。他经常通过与发明人的高效交流对复杂技术条分缕析,进而制定最优化的专利保护策略。他还善于通过与审查员的电话沟通或面谈推动审查进程,并且策略性的通过上诉达到最终授权的目标。他对专利局种类繁多的申请和审查程序非常熟悉,并且能熟练运用恰当的程序组合达到客户对专利申请的期望和要求。比如,他曾用不到四个月的时间为一个急需专利保护的客户获得授权。他还曾通过上诉为一个客户获得了未经任何改动的所有原始权利要求的授权。
Gavin丰富的诉讼经验包括诉前调查,事实和专家证人的调查取证,撰写动议,协同权利要求解释,获取证人口供,和撰写建议判决请求。他还善于运用授权后无效程序增强庭前和解的谈判砝码,并最终节省诉讼费用。
Gavin 对尖端技术有着深刻的理解,使他能够和发明人进行高效的交流。这得益于他在学术界接受过的严格训练和他对前沿科技和工业进步的不断学习。他在技术领域的经验包括:人工智能和机器学习及其在诊断和治疗型医学仪器,金融科技,以及自动驾驶等方面的应用;对电磁能量进行精准控制的智能电器;融合云计算,在线支付,和数据主导型增长策略的电子商务平台;构成LTE和5G通讯标准基础的电信技术;源于航天计划的微型化学分析仪;颠覆传统运输和住宿行业的共享经济系统;以及半导体器件,消费电子产品(游戏机,相机,打印机等),机械系统,医学影像设备,电力电子,数字及模拟电路,计算机仿真软件,网络技术,和商业方法等等。
Gavin服务的客户包括了从高科技初创企业到跨国集团在内的各种规模的公司。通过与处在不同发展阶段的客户的合作与交流,Gavin深知知识产权在公司成长的不同时期会发挥不同的作用。因此,他能够根据客户的具体需求提供最契合客户商业目标的解决方案。

在加入百琞(Bayes)律师事务所之前,Gavin在美国飞翰(Finnegan)律师事务所执业近十年。


「关于Bayes百琞」

美国百琞律师事务所总部位于美国首都华盛顿地区,是一家专注于美国知识产权的卓越律师事务所,现有律师、专利代理人及法律助理超过30人的团队。百琞律所合伙人团队均是中国名校工程专业毕业,赴美国深造获得工程学博士及法律博士,并在美国执业十余年的美国华人律师,不仅有丰富的律师执业经验,还有丰富的企业内法务经历,能够精准理解中国企业需求并提供性价比最高的解决方案。

百琞服务范围包括美国专利撰写和申请、专利复审与PTAB无效程序、联邦法院和337专利诉讼、全球专利组合规划和管理、商标注册和异议程序、版权注册和纠纷、知产许可和交易、企业出海知产尽调、电商平台或展会相关知产纠纷、商业秘密和出口管制等领域。百琞将以灵活、高效、并贴近中国企业需要的方式提供高质量的法律服务。

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