在所有的西方节日里,这是你最需要深度了解的一个。
【圣诞名称何来】
1.圣诞Christmas是Christ’s mass的缩合词,Christ我们知道是Jesus Christ,也就是耶稣的本名,mass来自拉丁文,意思是the celebration of the Eucharist,中文翻译为“弥撒”,指的是基督教的一种圣餐仪式,以纪念耶稣的最后的晚餐,代表性的食物是面包和葡萄酒。
2.圣诞也曾被叫做Christenmas,它是由Christian mass缩合而成,现在这一名称只在少数区域和部分方言中保留。
3.我们常看到的Xmas主要出现的印刷上,X是希腊语“基督”的首字母。
4.在盎格鲁撒克逊文化中,圣诞也被称为Midwinter,意指仲冬或冬至。
5. 圣诞的“诞”字,是诞生、出生,特指耶稣的诞生有一个专门的词,叫“Nativity”,这个词来自拉丁文。大约是14世纪,来自法语的“Noel”或“Nowel”也是“出生”的意思,也可以指圣诞。
【圣诞节的由来】

圣诞节最早的记录,出现在公元336年的罗马,到了中世纪的时候,Epiphany占据上风,它是纪念三贤士朝拜耶稣的节日,称“显现节”,时间是1月6日。直到查理曼大帝称王,并选择在圣诞节登基,圣诞又开始盛行起来。
圣诞节到底是哪一天?
在以罗马公教和基督新教为主的西方世界,以格里历的12月25日为圣诞。格里历也叫公历或阳历,依据是地球绕太阳公转的周期;它是罗马教宗格里高利十三世制定,并于1582年启用的历法,所以就以他的名字命名为Gregorian calendar。
而在天主教的另一分支东正教地区,则以儒略历的12月25日,对应于格里历的1月7日为圣诞。儒略历,也叫尤利乌斯历,是罗马共和国的独裁官尤利乌斯·凯撒制定的,于公元前45年启用,是格里历之前的更古老的历法,称为Julian calendar。
为了照顾到东西方的不同传统,人们把从12.25至1.7日之间的12天,称为一个完整的Christmastide圣诞季,也叫Twelvetide。许多国家的圣诞假期主要在这12天前后。
【圣诞节的意义】
为什么要庆祝圣诞呢?有人说是基督徒为了庆祝耶稣基督的诞生,其实这个说法不对。因为在圣经中没有任何关于耶稣确切出生日期的记录,耶稣也不希望人们庆祝他的生日,他更希望人们纪念它的死亡。据说圣诞最早是由异教徒发起的,然而到了今天,它已经成为了一个约定俗成的节日;至于它背后的起因,人们已经不太关注了。
人们更相信的是,12月25日是罗马历法中的冬至,耶稣基督选择在一年中白昼最短的时候降临人间,此后白天变长、阳光变得温暖;耶稣就像太阳一样给他的子民带来了温暖和希望。在他们看来,Jesus is the sun of righteousness. Jesus is the light of the world.
然而,历史上很长一段时间,圣诞的名声并不是很好,原因是圣诞期间酗酒、闹事的情况经常发生。导致17世纪时,清教徒索性禁止庆祝圣诞。后来,在很多人的努力下,其中包括一些文学家(比如狄更斯等)的引导下,圣诞的意义发生了很大的变化,从一个臭名昭著的节日,一跃而成了对穷人施舍的节日,向家人表达爱意的节日,相互送礼物的节日……
【圣诞节的习俗】
每年全球有数十亿人过圣诞节,圣诞的习俗早已渗透到我们的生活之中,送贺卡、装点圣诞树、互送圣诞礼物……圣诞节更像是一个shopping festival,购物狂欢成了全球的主题。而在西方家庭中,围坐在壁炉前,给孩子讲耶稣诞生的故事和圣诞老人的故事,是一个传统。
耶稣诞生的故事,大家一定不陌生。当然,因为圣诞的节日气氛已经慢慢被商业味主导,圣诞老人的故事越来越受欢迎。
圣诞老人,Father Christmas,也叫做Santa Claus,指的是Saint Nicholas,它是公元4世纪古罗马时期的一位希腊主教。相传他是一个喜欢小孩子,非常慷慨,还喜欢送礼物的慈祥的老人。因为是主教,所以圣诞老人最初的形象是穿着主教的大袍和主教法冠、骑着白色骏马的一位老人。

因为他的生日是12月6日,所以今天西方很多国家还是会在这一天互送礼物。今天我们所熟悉的白胡子、红衣袍的圣诞老人形象来自19世纪的美国,扮演圣诞老人派发礼物成为圣诞庆典中的助兴元素,一直保留到今天。
【圣诞如何送礼】
圣诞对于西方人的意义,就像是春节之于中国人;这是一年中最重要的节日,是家庭团聚、举国欢庆的重要时刻。在商务中,没有什么比和客户建立关系更重要了。圣诞就不失为外贸人撩客户的关键期,或对已成交客户表达谢意,或对潜在客户表达情意,或对拖拖拉拉的客户委婉提醒……一系列功能不一而足。
送礼是一门学问,送什么?送给谁?送多贵重的礼?都是困扰大家最多的问题。那么送什么礼才既不丢份,又能恰到好处地表达情意呢?把握以下三个原则,可以让你把礼物送对、添彩。
原则一:因国而异
送礼首先需要考量的是不同国家的风俗和讲究,在一个国家适用的,在另一个国家可能完全行不通。比如英国人对于礼物的态度比较谨慎,太过贵重的礼物有贿赂的嫌疑;此外,他们也不喜欢打着公司Logo的礼物。
法国人不太习惯认识不久就送礼物,那样会让人觉得送礼者带有目的性;德国人比较注重礼物的意义,不流行送贵重的礼物,下属送上司、企业送官员都不常见;美国人是实用主义者,送的礼物要能物尽其用,有象征意义就更好了;日本人将送礼视为私人行为,认为礼物应该私下送,不应在公开场合送,除非是统一送给每个人的礼物。
原则二:因职位而异
送礼是送个人、还是多个人,甚至一群人,需要根据平时业务接触的情况而定。同时还要注意根据职位的不同进行区别对待,因为诸如在中东、亚洲、东欧等国家,老板不喜欢被送和员工一样的礼物。这一点需要多花一点心思。
原则三:因人而异
送礼物不是派发纪念品,送完即止;也不是比价值高低,怎么隆重怎么来;重要的是送到人家心里去。要做到这一点,需要平时对客户的生活习惯和兴趣爱好有足够的了解;你对客户了解有多深,礼物就能送到人家心里有多深。
在此基础上,结合中国文化特色就最好。比如,对方喜欢京剧,不妨送京剧周边艺术品;对杭州的西湖念念不忘,不妨送带有西湖韵味的刺绣;喜欢太极,不妨送一本外语版的介绍太极的书籍。因为送丝绸和中国结的人比较多,所以在图案的选择上、色彩的挑选上多用一点心,也能把礼物送到对方的心坎里。
【圣诞如何祝福】
ABC自由组合:A祝福+B感激+C期望进一步合作
A:祝福
1.祝福节日:
We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Happy Holidays and warm wishes for 2019!
Season’s greetings and best wishes for a wonderful new year.
2.祝福快乐:
May your holidays be filled with unforgettable moments of happiness, laughter, and good cheer.
Happy Holidays from everyone at [company name]. We hope your holidays will be filled with joy and laughter through the New Year.
3.祝福成功:
Wishing you great success in the year to come.
Wishing you continued success in 2019.
4.祝福家人、同事:
May the holiday spirit be with you and your family today and throughout the New Year.
We hope that 2018 has been just as memorable for you, your colleagues and your loved ones.
5.多重祝福:
The team at [company name] wishes you peace, joy and prosperity throughout the coming year.
We wish you a very Happy Holiday season and a peaceful and prosperous New Year!
May the warmest wishes, happy thoughts and friendly greetings, come at Christmas and stay with you all the year through.
Best wishes for a happy new year filled with health, happiness, and success.
B:感激
1.Thank you for your continued support and partnership.
2.During the holiday season, our thoughts turn gratefully to those who have made our success possible.
3.We would like to express our sincerest appreciation for the trust you have placed in us.
4.As we look back upon the past year, we would like to acknowledge those who have helped us shape our business. Thanks for a great year.
5.Thank you for the opportunity to work with you this year. It has been an honor.
C:期望进一步合作
We look forward to working with you in the years to come.
We are looking forward to moving into the New Year together.
ABC:组合
A+B: The team at [company name] wishes you peace, joy and prosperity throughout the coming year. Thank you for your continued support and partnership.
B+A: During the holiday season, our thoughts turn gratefully to those who have made our success possible. It is in this spirit that we say thank you and best wishes for the holidays and New Year.
B+C: As the holiday season is upon us, we find ourselves reflecting on the past year and those who have helped to shape our business. It’s been quite a year for us all! We hope that 2018 has been just as memorable for you, your colleagues and your loved ones. We look forward to working with you in the years to come.
A+B+C: The [company name] family wishes you peace, joy, and prosperity throughout the coming year. We appreciate your continued support and look forward to working with you in the years to come.
【圣诞电影推荐】
《34街的奇迹》Miracle on 34th Street

【圣诞书籍推荐】
《圣诞欢歌》A Christmas Carol
【圣诞欢歌节选】
A Christmas Carol
By Charles Dickens
Yes!and the bedpost was his own.The bed was his own,the room was his own.Best and happiest of all, the future was his own, to change his life in!
是的!床柱子是他自己的,床是他自己的,房间是他自己的,最好最幸福的,能够改变他未来的生活也是他自己。
‘I will remember the past,and think of the future,’repeated Scrooge,as he jumped out of bed.‘God bless you,Jacob Marley!And God bless Christmas!’
“我将记住过去,并要为将来考虑,”斯克罗吉重复着并跳下了床。“上帝保佑你,雅各布·马利!上帝保佑圣诞节!”
In his excitement he found it difficult to speak.His face was still wet from crying.‘Here are my bed-curtains!’he cried delightedly.‘They aren't stolen! And I'm alive!Those were only shadows of things that may be!The future will be different!I know it will!’
他兴奋之中发现说话有些吃力。他的脸上依旧是泪迹斑斑。“这是我的床围子!”他高兴地说。“它们没被偷走!我还活着!那些不过是可能发生的事情的影子!未来会全然不同的!我知道会的!”
All this time his hands were busy,hurriedly putting on his clothes.He put his left foot in his right shoe,couldn't find the buttons on his shirt,and forgot to brush his hair.
他的手一直没闲着,他匆匆穿好衣服。他把左脚穿进了右脚的鞋子里,找不到衬衣上的钮扣,忘记了梳头。
‘I don't know what I'm doing!’said Scrooge, laughing and crying at the same time.‘A merry Christmas to everybody!A happy new year to all the world!Hurrah! There's the door which Jacob's ghost came through!There's the corner where the ghost of Christmas Present sat!There's the window where I saw the traveling ghosts!It's all true,it all happened!Ha ha ha!’
“我不知道我在做什么!”斯克罗吉笑着大声说。“祝所有的人圣诞快乐!祝整个世界新年快乐!好哇!雅各布就是从这个门进来的!“今日圣诞”鬼魂就是坐在这个角落里!我就是从这扇窗户看见了游荡的鬼魂们!这全是真的,这全都发生过!哈哈哈!”
Really,for a man who hadn't laughed for so many years,it was an excellent laugh.The father of a long line of excellent laughs!
的确,对一个若干年没有笑过的人来说,这笑太开怀了。这是一长串开怀大笑之最!
‘I don't know what day of the month it is!’said Scrooge.‘I don't know how long I've been with the spirits!I don't know anything.I'm just like a baby.Never mind!I prefer being a baby!Hurrah!’
“我不知道今天是几号了!”斯克罗吉说。“我不知道我和幽灵们呆了多久!我什么都不知道,我就像个婴儿!别介意!我宁愿当个婴儿!好哇!”
Just then he heard the church bells ring out louder than he had ever heard before.Running to the window, he opened it and looked out.No fog at all, a clear, bright, cold day, golden sunlight, blue sky,sweet clean air,merry bells.Oh, wonderful!wonderful!
这时他听见教堂的钟声敲得比以往要响。他跑到窗前,打开窗户朝外望去。根本没有雾,天气晴朗、明亮、寒冷,金色的日光,湛蓝的天空,清新的空气,快乐的铃铛声。噢,太美妙了!太美妙了
点击阅读原文,查看专栏详情

