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建水 | 看文献名邦，品市井百味

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2022-08-01

导读：建水古城，古名“惠历”城，本意为“大海子”，已有1200余年的建城史。

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云南，不止是一个名词，

更是永不厌倦的风景~

位于中国西南，

与缅甸、泰国、越南接壤。

昆明是云南的省会，四季如春，

故名“春城”。

在云南，

闲看花落、慢观云卷云舒~~

建水古城已有1200余年的建城史

得名于《元史·地理志》

“临安路”条目下有记载：

“建水州，在本路之南，近接交趾，为云南极边”

故名“惠历”城

本意为“大海子”

建水坝子是个山间冲积盆地

The Jianshui Ancient City has a history of more than one thousand and twelve years, it got its name “the Huili City” from the book the History of Yuan·Geography Record under the chapter of Linan Road, which records Jianshui is in southwest Yunnan border. Its name Huili means a vast expanse of water in Chinese, which also reflects that Jianshui is an intermountainous basin.

据《建水州志》记载

建水古城周长六里

城墙高二丈七尺

筑有朝阳、环翠、挹爽、觐光四座城楼

楼下分别开东门迎晖、南门阜安、西门清远、北门永贞四城门

According to the record of the History of Jianshui, the Jianshui Ancient City area has a circumference of 3 kilometers and is surrounded by 9 meters high Old City walls which are dotted with four gate towers: Chaoyang, Huancui, Yishuang, and Jinguang along with the east gate Ying Hui, south gate Fu 'an west gate Qingyuan, and north gate Yongzhen.

永贞门

建水县境内

古寺、古庙、古楼、古桥、古井、古民居达百余处

有“古建筑博物馆”之称

There are more than 100 preserved ancient temples, towels, bridges, wells, and dwellings in Jianshui county, hence Jianshui has long been reputed as " the Museum of ancient architecture".

挹爽楼

“雄镇东南”的朝阳楼

建成于1389年

原为临安府的东城门

城楼雄踞在8米高的城垣之上

由48根巨柱支撑

为三重檐歇山顶抬梁式结构

巍然屹立600多年

The Chaoyang Tower was built in 1389, which was the east gate of Lin'an Prefecture. Surrounded by 8 meters high Old City walls, and supported by 48 pillars, The Chaoyang Tower is an eave hiped-roof post and lintel construction, which has a history of more than 600 years.

朝阳楼

建水文庙始建于1285年

是中国西南最大的文庙

也是全国第三大孔庙

儒家思想在边地广为传播

明清两代

建水共出文武进士110名

出文物举人1273名

史有“临半榜”之称

The Jianshui Confucian Temple is one of the very few large-scale Confucian temples in China which are well-preserved. It is ranked the largest Confucian temple in southwest China and the number two largest Confucian temple in China. Confucianism spread wildly in Ming and qing dynasties, during this period there are 110 advanced scholars and 1237 recommended man passed the triennial court and provincial exam in Jianshui, so Jianshui was also known as a blessed land of the state examination.

建水文庙

建水文庙占地76万平方米

有一殿、二庑、二堂、二阁、三祠、四门、八坊

共六进院落

泮池为“学海”

With a size of 7.6 hectares, the main buildings in Jianshui Confucian Temple include one altar, two wing rooms, two central halls, two pavilions, three memorial temples, four gates Linxing Gates, and eight archways. Viewed as a whole, the temple is of significant arrangement and appearance. And there is also a pond called the School Pond.

泮池

清代大型民居朱家花园

占地2万多平方米

呈“纵四横三”布局

为建水典型的

“三间六耳三间厅、一大天井附四小天井”

并列联排组合式民居建筑群

The Zhu Family’s garden is a Qing Dynasty large residential garden, which covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters. The main construction embodies the “vertical three horizontal four” layout, a typical Jianshui architectural style featured by the systematic pattern of the houses, layer upon layer.

朱家花园

院落层出跌进

房舍鳞次栉比

有大小天井42个

房舍214间

享有“滇南大观园”之称

There are 42 courtyards and 214rooms in the garden. The spatial landscape is layered and rich with countless changes, thus forming “the labyrinth type” complex architecture, which was reputed as the Daguan Garden in southern Yunnan.

水上戏台

距离建水古城1.5公里的碗窑村

自宋代便开始烧制瓷器

碗窑村古遗址为龙窑

以青釉、青花器物为主

通过南方丝绸之路上的步头古道

远销东南亚

跻身我国“四大名陶”之列

如今

建水紫陶早已蜚声海外

成为建水十分响亮的一张的城市名片

One and a half kilometers away from Jianshui ancient city, there is a village called Wanyao, where porcelain has been produced since Song Dynasty, and this village used to be an official porcelain kiln site with its main production-the celadon glaze and the blue and white porcelain, which has a white base with blue designs. The purple pottery from Jianshui was wildly exported to Southeast Asia through the Southern Silk Road and has reputed as one of the four famous porcelains in China, which has become a city name card of Jianshui.

建水紫陶

古井

是建水城的一道景观

城内的古井星罗棋布、形状奇特、水质甘冽

至今仍保留有128口古井

The ancient wells in Jianshui are worth seeing as well, the whole city area is dotted with 128 ancient Wells with unique shapes and refreshing water.

建水流传着一副对联：

“龙井红井诸葛井

醴泉渊泉溥博泉”

对账工整地囊括了建水六个最著名古井

Wells come in all shapes and sizes since there are so many in amount, you could find no matter big or small in size, and square or round in shape, even different amount of the water outlet.

因为井多的缘故

井圈的样式也五花八门

有大有小有方有圆

单眼、双眼、三眼和四眼

围井石上被绳索磨出的道道痕迹

记录着城市的变迁

The stones surrounding the well were polished smooth, which is a record of the changes in the city.

位于城西的溥博泉

又称西门大板井

为建水水井之首

Pubo Spring in the west of the city, also known as the Daban well at the west gate, is the most representative well in Jianshui.

用大板井水制作的建水西门豆腐

远近闻名

豆腐细嫩香酥

云南的名特小吃烤豆腐

大多就是西门豆腐

The Jiashui west gate tofu made with water from Daban well is a famous delicacy in Yunnan. This kind of tofu was spiced and fragrant, charred outside, and red and juicy within.

泸江河是建水的母亲河

横跨在泸江河和塌冲河上的双龙桥

位于城西5公里

为十七孔厚墩联拱石桥

故又名“十七孔桥”

是我国现存的优秀古桥之一

Lujiang River is the mother river of Jianshui. Located 5 km west of the city, the Shuanglong bridge straddled Lujiang River and Tachong River is a seventeen-hole multiple arch bridge, also known as the '17 Arch Bridge', which is one of the well preserved outstanding ancient Bridges in China.

十七孔桥

团山民居

位于建水古城西13公里

现保存完好的大型民居15座

寨门3座

展现了滇南民居建筑的典型特征

世界纪念性建筑遗产保护基金会

将其列为世界纪念性建筑遗产

Located 13 km west of Jianshui ancient city, Tuanshan Village boasts 15 well-preserved large dwellings and 3 unique village gates, which shows the typical characteristics of folk houses in southern Yunnan. It was listed as one of the world memorial architectural heritage by WMF (World Monuments Fund).

团山

张家花园

始建于1905年

占地3495平方米

有大小天井21个

房间119间

为一组城堡式私家园林

是建水仅次于朱家花园的又一大型民居群

The Zhang Family's Garden was built in 1905 and covers an area of 3495 square meters. There are 21 courtyards and 119 rooms in the garden. This is another residential complex of castle-style private gardens in Jianshui after Zhu FAmily’s Garden.