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在茫茫苍苍的云南高原，
千百年来延续着“山间铃响马帮来”的交通贸易方式，
这种马匹驮运茶叶行走大山小路
形成的“茶马古道”，
因1910年建成并通车的“滇越铁路”发生涅变。
On the vast Yunnan plateau, the jingling bells of caravans had echoed along the Ancient Tea-Horse Road for thousands of years when in 1910 the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway completely changed the traditional means of transportation and trade.
图片来源于：网络
中国第一条国际铁路的建成，
敲开了云南大山阻隔的门户，
但也在随之的历史进程中，
客观地带来了外来世界的先进思想和技术信息，
促成了古滇之地以蒸汽火车为前奏、
以铁路运输为主旋律、
从传统农耕时代向现代工业文明的华丽转身。
With the completion of the first railway in Yunnan,
it mercilessly ripped open the southwest door of China that used to be blocked by mountains of Yunnan. Objectively, however, in the historical process it also brought about advanced ideas and technical in formation from the outside world, introduced steam trains and railway transport to Yunnan, and facilitated its conversion from traditional agricultural civilization to modern industrial civilization.
云南铁路博物馆
Yunnan Railway Museum
云南铁路博物馆位于昆明北京路，利用昆明火车北站的候车室建立而成，2004年开馆，主要展示昆明铁路发展历史。博物馆建筑面积7963平方米，收藏或展示文物、文献万余件。
Yunnan Railway Museum is located in the Beijing Road in Kunming. It is built in the waiting room of the north station of Kunming. In 2004, the museum is opened to the public mainly to display the historical development of the Kunming railway. Yunnan Railway Museum covers an area of 7963 square meters, collecting or displaying more than 10,000 cultural relics and documents.
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中国第一条国际铁路--滇越铁路
China's first international railway --- Yunnan-Vietnam railway
滇越铁路贯穿云南南部和越南北部，
北起中国云南昆明，南至越南海防，
全长854千米，轨距1米。云南段全长465千米，于1903年10月动工至1910年3月31日全线通车运营。
Yunnan-Vietnam Railway runs through south Yunnan of China and Vietnam, stretching from Kunming, Yunnan of China in the north, to Hai Phong of Vietnam in the south, whith length of 854 Km and a gauge of one meter, with a length of 465 Km. Yunnan Section began to construct in October 1903 and was open to traffic on 31 March 1910.
滇越铁路是由法国资本、技术与中国劳工鲜血凝聚而成，因其工程艰难浩大和招募劳工极多，当年英国《泰晤士报》将其与苏伊士运河、巴拿马运河并称为“世界三大工程奇迹”。
The railway combined French capitail and technology, with the blood and lives of Chinese labor. Due to its arduous project, abundant labor recruits and huge death toll, it was named as one of the "Three Engineering Marvels of the World", besides the Suez Canal and the panama Canal by the British Time in the year.
滇越铁路至今已建成100余年，是中国铁路网中唯一全线路保留并仍在运营的窄轨铁路。
Yunnan-Vietnam Railway has opened to traffic for more than 100 years, which is the only narrow gauge railway still in operation in the railway network of Chinese mainland.
“米其林”内燃动车组
Diesel Multiple Units
法国制造的载客胶轮内燃动车,于1914年在滇越铁路使用,1932年法国米其林公司为该车换装上橡胶轮子，成为开行在铁路上的“米其林汽车”。
The French-made rubber-tire passenger diesel locomotive was used on Yunnan-Vietnam Railway in 1914. Equipped with rubber tires by the French Company Miichelin in 1932, it became a "Michelin Car" running on the rail.
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云南人建造的第一条铁路 --- 个碧石铁路
The first railway built by the Yunnan people was --- Gejiu-Bisezhai-Shiping Railway
个碧石铁路是云南人自主投资修建并运营的民营铁路，全长177千米，轨距600 毫米（又称：寸轨）。该铁路于1915年4月开工修建，至1936年10月全线通车。其中，碧色寨是滇越铁路（米轨）和个碧石铁路（寸轨）换装站。
Gejiu-Bisezhai-Shiping is a private railway independently financed, built and operated by Yunnan people, with a total length of 177 kilometers and a 600 mm gauge (it is known“Cungui”). The railway started building in April 1915 open to traffic in October 1936.
图片来源于：网络
个碧石铁路创下中国运营铁路的几个之最：
钢轨及轨距最小，轨距600毫米：
机车和车辆最小。
It set several records in operating Chinese railway: the minimum track and gauge, and a 600 mm gauge only；the slowest speed；the longest period of construction up to 21 years；the smallest locomotives and vehicles.
个碧石铁路投入运营后，受益最大的是个旧的锡业。铁路的发展大大缩短了锡锭运输的时间，将个旧推向世界，成为中外著名的“锡都”。
After the railway open to traffic, the biggest beneficiary was the tin industry of Gfjiu. The development of railways shortened the transport time of tin ingots and promoted Gejiu to the world, becoming the famous "tin capital" at home and abroad.
SN型29号寸蒸汽机车
SN-29 600 mm Gauge Steam Locomotive
美国费城尔温机车厂1923年生产的SN型蒸汽机车, 轨距600毫米,构造速度45千米/小时。1926 年起运用在个碧石铁路线上，于1991年1月1日停运。
The SN steam locomotive made by Baldwin Locomotive Works of the Philadelphia U. S. A. in 1923. his car is for 600 mm gauge. with a design speed of45 km per . car was used on Gejiu-Bisexhai-Shiping Railway in 1926 and slopped on ist January, 1991.
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“滇缅铁路”和“叙昆铁路“
Yunan-Manmar Railway and Yibin-Kunming Railway
图片来源于：网络
“滇缅铁路”和“叙昆铁路”，于1938年12月25日同时开工建设，后因第二次世界大战时局变化，这两条铁路均未全线如愿竣工，已建成的“昆小线”和“昆石线”路段至今仍在正常使用。
Both" Yuan-Myanmar Railway and Yibin-Kunming Railway stated the constuctionon 25 December1938. These twor always were unable to complete due to changing situation ofthe Second World War. Today, The completed Kunming-xiaoshiba Line and the Kunming-Shizui Line sections are still in normal use.
缅甸铁路赠送英国产汽机车
The British-made Steam Locomotive Presented by Myanmar Railways
这是一台英国汽机, 是缅甸联邦铁路送中国铁路的赠品。型号ST，年号774，轨距1米，该机车于1948年进入铁路运营, 至2006年7月退役。
This British-made steam locomotive is a gift to China Railways sent by Myanmar Railways. It is model ST and numbered 774. The gauge is one meter. The train went into operation on Myanmar Railway in 1948 and stopped its service in July of 2006.
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高铁时代
Yunnan Railway High-speed Train
2016年12月15日，昆明南站至玉溪南站，设计时速200公里，是云南最先建成的高速铁路。中国“八纵八横”的高速铁路主通道中，涉及云南的有三条，京昆通道、沪昆通道、广昆通道。
China's "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed railway main channels, including three involving Yunnan, Beijing-Kunming channel, Shanghai-Kunming channel, Guangzhou-Kunming channel.
图片来源于：网络
中老铁路将连接云南昆明和老挝万象，是昆明继百年前滇越铁路之后的第二条国际铁路，预计于2021年12月2日开通，届时，昆明至万象将实现朝发夕至。
The China-Laos Railway will connect Kunming in Yunnan province and Vientiane in Laos. It is the second international railway in Kunming after the Yunnan-Vietnm railway built 100 years ago. It is expected to open on December 2, 2021, trains from Kunming to Vientiane will depart in the morning and arrive in the evening.
和谐号动车
China Railway High-speed Train
是2004年中国引进德国、日本等国的高速动车组技术，在消化吸收再创新的基础上，生产的高速动车组系列, 中国也由此成为世界上少数几个能够自主研制时速380公里动车组的国家。
China Railway high-speed Train is a series of high-speed emUS which was introduced by China in 2004 and produced on the basis of digesting, absorbing and innovating the technology from Germany, Japan and other countries. Thus, China became one of the few countries in the world capable of independently developing emUS with an speed of 380 km per hour.
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经典大桥
The classic bridge
人字桥
（屏边五家寨铁路钢梁桥）
Inverted V Bridge
Wujiazhai Railway Bridge of Steel Girders, Pingbian
屏边五家寨铁路钢梁桥，也称”人字桥“，建于滇越铁路波渡箐车站与倮姑车站之间, 由法国工程师保尔波登(Paul Bodin )设计，于1907年3月10日 开工，1908年12月6日竣工，至今仍在正常使用。
Wujiazhai Railway Bridge of Steel Girders is located in Wujiazhai Village, Pingbian County of Yunnan Province, between Boduqing Station and Luogu Station on Yunnan-Vietnam Railway. It was designed by Paul Bodin, a French engineer. The construction project started on 10 March 1907 and completed on 6 December 1908.The bridge looks a steel giant standing majestically with open arms, therefore it is commonly known as the Inverted V Bridge
图片来源于：网络
该桥为双重式结构, 形似一个张开臂膀、巍然屹立的钢铁巨人, 所以被人们俗称为“人字桥”。2006 年被确定为”全国重点文物保护单位”。
The construction project started on 10 March 1907 and completed on 6 December 1908.The bridge looks a steel giant standing majestically with open arms, therefore it is commonly known as the Inverted V Bridge. The bridge was listed as Cultural Relics Protection Unit" of the state in 2006.
白寨大桥
Baizai bridge
路就像是云南血脉，通则达，
铁路作为一种新型运输方式，
它深刻地影响和改变了其经过的地方。
The road is like the Yunnan blood.
Railway as a new means of transportation,
it cast profound impacts on the lands where it runs.
从第一次工业革命到现在的信息革命
云南铁路在岁月蹉跎里见证盛与衰的沧桑
From the first industrial revolution to the present information revolution
Over the past century,
experiencing the circle of construction and damages, Yunnan railway has seen ups and downs.
当拂去时间的尘埃，揭开历史的面纱
我们可以从中了解云南铁路生生不息的文化
诠释它发展的内在动力。
Flicking the dust of time and unveiling the mask of history,
we clear see a picture of cultural genes growing on Yunnan railway and read its codes so as to understand the impetus to vigorously develop.
end
上期答案：根据温泉的水质可以将温泉分为：中性碳酸泉、碱性碳酸氢钠泉、盐泉和硫酸泉四种
部分图片来源于网络，如侵权，请联系删除
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