一些研究表明,除了上述两点外,TMS通过影响海马改善认知可能的作用机制[14]还有: ①蛋白质组学、生物化学:通过对脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic fac-tor,BDNF)及N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor,NMDAR)、细胞凋亡因子、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、神经递质等的调节对认知产生影响; ②基因组学:高频的rTMS通过诱导突触可塑性基因的改变来提高学习记忆能力。 综上所述,在基础动物实验中发现rTMS可以提高不同认知障碍相关的动物模型或正常动物的海马依赖性学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能主要与rTMS对突触可塑性的调节、神经元兴奋性的调节等因素有关。当然,还有其他一些尚未可知的影响因素,需要更多的研究来进一步证实。 参考文献:[1] Vannini P, Hanseeuw B, Munro CE, et al. Hippocampal hypometabolism in older adults with memory complaints and increased amyloid burden[J]. Neurology,2017,88(18):1759-1767.[2] Sun Y, Yang Y, Galvin VC, et al. Nicotinic α4β2 cholinergic receptor influences on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neuronal firing during a working memory task[J]. Journal of Neuroscience,2017,37(21):5366-5377.[3] Hallock HL, Wang A, Griffin AL. Ventral Midline Thalamus Is Critical for Hippocampal-Prefrontal Synchrony and Spatial Working Memory[J]. Journal of Neuroscience,2016, 36(32):8372-8389.[4] Sheline YI, Wang PW, Gado MH, Csernansky JG, Vannier MW (1996)Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:3908-3913.[5] Elder GJ, Taylor JP. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation: treatments for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the neurodegenerative dementias?[J]. Alzheimer's Research &Therapy,2014,6(5):74.[6] Ma Q , Geng Y , Wang H L , et al. High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Cognitive Impairment and Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Structural Plasticity in Aged Mice[J]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2019, 11:235.[7] Pinar C, Fontaine CJ, Triviño-Paredes J, et al. Revisiting the flip side: long-term depression of synaptic efficacy in the hippocampus[J]. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,2017,80:394-413.[8] Dong Z, Han H, Li H, et al. Long-term potentiation decay and memory loss are mediated by AMPAR endocytosis[J]. The Journal of Clinical Investigation,2015,125(1):234.[9] Tan T, Xie J, Tong Z, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons[J]. Brain Research,2013,1520:23-35.[10] Anwar H, Li X, Bucher D, et al. Functional roles of shortterm synaptic plasticity with an emphasis on inhibition[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology,2017,43:71-78.[11] Shang Y, Wang X, Shang X, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effectively facilitates spatial cognition and synaptic plasticity associated with increasing the levels of BDNF and synaptic proteins in Wistar rats[J]. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,2016,134:369-378.[12] Oh MM, Simkin D, Disterhoft JF. Intrinsic hippocampal excitability changes of opposite signs and different origins in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons underlie aging-related cognitive deficits[J]. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience,2016, 10:52.[13] Wang HL, Xian XH, Wang YY, et al. Chronic high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves age-related cognitive impairment in parallel with alterations in neuronal excitability and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current in female mice[J]. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,2015,118:1-7.[14] 郑书林,刘秋生,张驰,杨敏.重复经颅磁刺激对海马依赖性学习记忆影响的实验研究进展[J].中国康复医学杂志.2019(34)1:101-105.▲上下滑动查看 以上内容由依瑞德临床医学中心翻译整理,有不足之处请指正,转载请注明出处。