近期，不少经中欧班列过境或出口至俄罗斯、白俄罗斯的货物，因当地海关严格监管甚至被强制退回。依据俄罗斯联邦政府第 313 号决议及第 1374 号法令，禁运品类及两用物项严禁经俄线路发运；部分高风险民用货物若申报瑕疵，亦会被直接拒收并整柜退回始发站，由此产生的往返运费、滞柜费及仓储成本均由货主承担。
Can Your Cargo Transit Smoothly? Compliance Guide for China-Europe Railway Express Transiting Russia
Many customers shipping via the China-Europe Railway Express to or through Russia and Belarus face strict local customs supervision, and even forced cargo returns.
Goods prohibited under Russian Government Resolution No. 313 and Decree No. 1374, as well as dual-use items, may not be transported on routes passing through Russia. For certain high-risk commodities, even those for ordinary civilian purposes, minor declaration errors can lead to outright rejection by foreign customs and forced return of the full container to the origin station. This will result in hefty round-trip freight, container detention and warehousing costs, with all losses to be borne by the cargo owner.
本文结合欧亚联盟官方监控清单、2026 年俄罗斯海关 SPOT 新政及实操退运案例，整理这份过境合规手册，供外贸企业、货主及工厂参考。
Compiled with reference to the official Eurasian Economic Union monitoring list, Russia's 2026 new SPOT customs policy, and cargo categories that we have actually encountered being returned in practice, this hands-on transit compliance manual is prepared. Foreign traders, cargo owners and manufacturers are advised to keep it for future reference.
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一、俄罗斯过境强制监控商品
Goods subject to mandatory monitoring for transit through Russia
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铁路过境重点监控 HS 编码品类
Key HS Code Categories under Close Monitoring for Railway Transit
1. 酒类产品/Alcoholic Products
220300、2204、2205、220600、2207、2208
包含啤酒、葡萄酒、蒸馏酒等全部酒品。
Covers all alcoholic beverages including beer, wine and spirits.
2. 烟草及烟草制品/Tobacco and Tobacco Products
2401、2402、2403；含尼古丁产品 2939800000、2939790000、2404
HS codes 2401, 2402, 2403;
nicotine‑containing products:2939800000,2939790000, 2404
电子烟、尼古丁类产品，汽车运输过境同样重点监管。
E-cigarettes and nicotine-containing products are also subject to strict supervision during road transit.
3. 毛皮、纺织服装针织品/Furs, Textiles and Knitwear
4303 天然毛皮制品；6101-6110 全部针织服装。
HS 4303: Articles of natural fur; HS 6101‑6110: All knitted garments.
4. 鞋类/Footwear
6401-6405 各类鞋靴。
HS 6401‑6405: All types of footwear.
5. 电子电信设备/Electronic and Telecommunication Equipment
8517、8519、8521、8525-8528 通讯、电子类产品。
HS 8517, 8519, 8521, 8525‑8528: Communication and electronic products.
上述清单货物铁路过境必须办理正规手续，如实填报对应 HS 编码，禁止笼统申报“杂货、配件”。此类货物被系统标记为第一阶段追踪对象，全程物流节点需向欧亚联盟系统回传信息。
For goods on the above list, railway transit requires completion of transit formalities and truthful declaration of the corresponding HS codes. General descriptions such as "miscellaneous goods" or "spare parts" are not acceptable. Marked as Phase 1 tracked cargo by the system, all logistics milestones must be reported to the Eurasian Economic Union system.
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二、途经俄/白俄被退回高风险品类 HSCODE
High-risk HS Codes for Shipments Returned in Transit via Russia / Belarus
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以下货物即便属于民用普通货品，因存在军民两用嫌疑或编码申报模糊，多次出现被俄白海关拒接并强制退回始发站的情况，给货主带来高额经济损失。
For cargo bound for Europe via the China-Europe Railway Express, even ordinary civilian goods falling under the below categories may be rejected by Russian and Belarusian customs and forced to return to the origin station due to suspected dual-use characteristics or ambiguous HS declaration, resulting in heavy economic losses for the cargo owner.
新增被拒接货物 HS 编码及品名如下：
The newly added HS codes and commodity names of goods subject to rejection are as follows:
8544700000 光缆、光缆跳线/
Optical cables and optical patch cords
85367 光纤适配器/Fiber Optic Adapters
68042290 光纤配件/Fiber Optic Accessories
8511800000 柴暖点火塞/Glow Plugs for Diesel Heaters
8544302000 线束/Wiring Harnesses
900110 单模光纤/Single-mode Optical Fibers
9031809090 综合测试机/Integrated Testing Machines
8473309000 触摸屏/Touch Screens
8528591090 LED 显示屏、液晶监视器/LED Displays and LCD Monitors
8479819000 压铆机/Riveting machine
8415901000 贯流风轮/Cross-flow fan wheel
8529908100 机芯/Movements
8531809000 渔具报警器/Fishing bite alarms
8534009000 空白线路板/Blank circuit boards
8415909000 空调机配件/Air conditioner parts
4417009090 木柄/Wood handles
8481804090 阀门/Valves
4202129000 收纳袋/Storage bags
9405429000 舞台灯/Stage lights
6403990090 凉鞋/Sandals
9603290090 化妆刷/Makeup brushes
7002201010 石英玻璃制光纤预制棒/
Optical fiber preforms made of fused silica glass
3204170090 颜料红 210/Pigment Red 210
8528521200、8528722200、9003191000 各类机芯/Various movement assemblies
8407909090 汽油机/Gasoline engines
如需查询货物是否受限，可登录 tnved.info 网站，利用其完整的 HS 编码树或搜索栏输入品名/编码进行检索。
If you are unsure whether your goods are on the restricted list, you can visit the website tnved.info to query the corresponding HS code. The site offers a complete HS code tree and allows direct search by commodity name or code.
此外，https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/22ps0313/ 网址也提供了实施出口禁令的相关商品条目。
Additionally, the URL https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/22ps0313/ provides entries for goods subject to export bans.
图 1 HS 编码数/HS Code Lookup by Commodity
图 2 编码查询货品/HS Code Lookup by Commodity
图 3 货品查询对应编码/Commodity HS Code Lookup
风险提示/Risk Warning:
1. 光纤光缆、线束、各类电路板、测试设备、发动机类属于高敏感大类，极易被判定存在军民两用风险，前写“配件”“设备”必触发查验预警。
Optical fibers and cables, wiring harnesses, various circuit boards, testing equipment and engines fall under highly sensitive categories and are highly likely to be deemed dual-use risk items. Declarations merely stating "accessories" or "equipment" will definitely trigger inspection alerts.
2. 退回成本极高：往返运费、集装箱滞期费、仓储费全部由发货方承担，少则数万，严重直接整票货损失。
Return incurs extremely high costs: the shipper shall bear all round-trip freight, container demurrage and warehousing charges. Costs may run into tens of thousands; severe cases will result in total loss of the entire shipment.
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三、2026 俄罗斯海关新政
New Russian Customs Regulations 2026
2026 年 7 月 1 日起，俄罗斯 SPOT 系统全面强制执行，实施“三流合一”AI 校验，不仅针对俄本地进口货物，过境货物舱单数据亦在核查范围：
Effective July 1, 2026, Russia's SPOT system has been fully enforced. It implements three-flow integrated verification via AI. The verification applies not only to goods imported for local consumption in Russia, but also to manifest data of transit shipments.
1. 单证一致性要求拉满：运单、发票、箱单、申报 HS 编码必须完全匹配。
Full consistency of documents is required: waybills, invoices, packing lists and declared HS codes must match perfectly.
Undervaluation of goods and vague commodity name declarations are prohibited. Descriptions such as "accessories", "hardware" or "miscellaneous goods" will most likely trigger alerts.
3. 军民两用物品：无人机、高精度传感器、大功率通信设备、数控设备，哪怕只是过境，也要准备最终用户声明、非军用证明，资料缺失直接扣货。
Dual-use items: Drones, high-precision sensors, high-power communication equipment and numerical control equipment. Even for transit shipments, end-user statements and non-military use certificates must be prepared. Missing documents will lead to direct cargo detention.
4. 儿童用品 EAC 认证、电子标签，仅针对进口俄罗斯本地销售的货物；纯过境货物不需要俄本土 EAC 和Честный знак电子标签，但 HS 编码申报必须准确。
EAC certificates and electronic marking for children's goods apply only to goods imported for local sale in Russia. Pure transit cargo does not require Russian domestic EAC certification or Chestny Znak electronic tags, yet accurate HS code declaration remains mandatory.
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四、给货主客户的过境实操避坑清单
Practical Transit Pitfall Avoidance Checklist for Cargo Owners
申报填报注意/Declaration Notes
1. HS 编码不要简化、不要错编码。同一种货物，铁路过境、汽运过境清单不一样，按对应运输方式清单归类；高风险品类严格使用完整 10 位 HS 编码，禁止只写前 4—6 位。
HS codes shall not be simplified or misstated. For the same goods, the lists for railway transit and road transit differ; classification shall follow the list applicable to the corresponding mode of transport. For high-risk categories, the full 10-digit HS code must be used. Only stating the first 4 to 6 digits is prohibited.
2. 清单内监控货物，以及上面被退回的高风险货品，品名如实完整申报，不要合并笼统申报。例如不要把光缆、线束混填为“电子配件”。必须写明产品具体型号、民用用途。
For monitored goods on the list and the above-mentioned high-risk items that have suffered returns, commodity names shall be declared truthfully and in full. Consolidated and vague declarations are not allowed. For example, optical cables and wiring harnesses shall not be lumped together and declared as "electronic accessories". The specific model and civilian intended use of products must be specified.
3. 运单上必须标注清楚贸易模式：严格区分“出口俄罗斯”和“仅仅过境俄罗斯去往第三国”。
The trade mode must be clearly indicated on the waybill: strictly distinguish between "export to Russia" and "transit only through Russia to a third country".
2026 年俄线、中欧班列过境的监管已经从人工审核转向数字化系统自动校验 + 重点品类人工开箱复核。很多以前可以“简单处理”的操作，现在系统识别就直接预警扣货，严重直接原路退回。
In 2026, transit supervision for Russia-bound routes and China-Europe Railway Express shipments has shifted from manual review to automatic verification via digital systems, supplemented by manual physical inspection of high-risk categories. Many procedures that could be handled simply in the past will now trigger system alerts and cargo detention; serious cases will result in direct return to origin.
作为货代，我们会协助做好舱单、运单的申报工作，但源头的准确品名、完整 10 位 HS 编码、完整商业单证、清晰产品用途描述，需要货主发货前落实到位。发货前做好合规自查，远比货物被扣、被退回之后再处理成本低得多。
As the freight forwarder, we will assist with the declaration of manifests and waybills. However, it is the cargo owner's responsibility to provide accurate commodity names, full 10-digit HS codes, complete commercial documents and clear descriptions of product intended use prior to shipment. Conducting compliance self-checks before shipment incurs far lower costs than handling cargo detention or return afterwards.
如果您手上有不确定是否属于高风险的货物，欢迎随时发给我们预审，提前规避过境风险。
Should you have any goods whose risk status is uncertain, feel free to send them to us for pre-review to mitigate transit risks in advance.
The road ahead is long; walking we shall arrive.
The task is hard; acting we shall prevail.
END