共创 | 汽车线束及电子电气架构行业 专家专访（五）

Q1

Could you briefly introduce your presentation topic today?

赵延 :

我今天主要分享了汽车低压连接器在域控整体架构，以及智能化、电气化等趋势下所面临的新挑战；同时介绍了低压连接器可能出现的新技术突破，以及安波福为应对这些市场趋势推出的新产品。

Mr. Zhao Yan :

Today, I mainly discussed the new challenges facing automotive low-voltage connectors amid the evolution of domain-control architectures and broader trends such as vehicle intelligence and electrification. I also introduced potential technological advances in low-voltage connectors and the new products Aptiv has launched to address these market trends.

Q2

Aptiv positions intelligent low-voltage and 48V systems as the physical foundation for central computing and zonal control.

How does this architectural change affect the number, layout and reliability of vehicle wiring harness connectors?

赵延 :

随着域控架构变化，设备端不断中央化和整合，连接器总数量总体呈下降趋势，但接口数量并没有减少。随着智能驾驶等整车功能增加，终端设备、子系统和子功能仍在增多。因此，从总量或总价值来看，连接器甚至可能仍有上升趋势。

与此同时，更多设备带来了更高的整车用电和供电需求。为了提升供电效率，新的48V连接器会越来越多地搭载到车上，其市场份额也将逐步增长。

在布局上，传统分布式架构以数量较多的小型、少位数连接器为主，每个连接器的通道较少。转向域控后，控制器端实现整合，需要连接的控制器变少，连接器数量会大幅下降；但需要对接的终端仍然很多。因此，连接器将向多通道、高集成度发展，甚至形成集成低压连接和高速通信的大型混合连接器。

Mr. Zhao Yan :

As domain-control architectures evolve, devices are becoming more centralized and integrated, so total connector counts are trending downward. However, the number of interfaces has not decreased. As intelligent driving and other vehicle functions expand, the number of end devices, subsystems and subfunctions continues to grow. As a result, the overall scale—and potentially the total value—of connectors may still increase.

At the same time, more devices create higher vehicle-level power consumption and power-supply requirements. To improve power-delivery efficiency, new 48V connectors will be used in more vehicles and account for a growing market share.

In terms of layout, traditional distributed architectures used many small, low-pin-count connectors, each with only a few circuits. As architectures shift to domain control, controller consolidation means fewer controllers need to be connected, significantly reducing the number of connectors. Yet a large number of end devices still require connections. Connectors are therefore evolving toward higher circuit counts and greater integration, including large hybrid connectors that combine low-voltage circuits with high-speed data transmission.

Q3

In recent years, the industry has moved toward centralized integration and fewer connectors. What stage has this transition now reached?

赵延 :

目前，不少客户车型已经逐步采用功能域、中央域控或区域域控架构，一定数量的车型开始搭载高集成度、大位数，乃至采用混合组合的大型连接器。

架构变化也明显影响了线束布局：传统分布式或功能域架构中的长线连接，正在更多转变为通过短线连接区域域控。同时，电气化和小型化趋势也在推动48V连接器及小型连接器上车。目前，这些方案处于开始搭载并逐步增长的阶段。

Mr. Zhao Yan :

At present, many of our customers' vehicle models are gradually adopting functional-domain architectures or architectures with central or zone controllers. A number of models already use highly integrated, high-pin-count connectors, including large hybrid configurations.

These architectural changes are also having a clear impact on wiring harness layouts. The long wire runs common in traditional distributed or functional-domain architectures are increasingly being replaced by shorter runs connected to zone controllers. At the same time, electrification and miniaturization are driving wider adoption of 48V connectors and smaller connectors. We are already seeing initial vehicle applications, with adoption gradually increasing.

Q4

48V系统大概会在什么时间节点成为下一代汽车架构的标配？

When is 48V expected to become standard in next-generation vehicle architectures?

赵延 :

具体时间很难下定论。我个人判断，2027—2030年可能会出现比此前更明显的增长。各家企业的技术路线和推进进度并不一致：有的从单一系统切入，有的从整车供电系统切入，也有的从不同配电级别推进48V应用。

目前，国内线控制动等高功率底盘负载的普及速度更快，对48V的需求也更强。因此，国内48V的普及速度可能快于全球整体节奏。

Mr. Zhao Yan :

It is difficult to give a definitive date. Personally, I expect growth to become more pronounced between 2027 and 2030 than it has been so far. Companies are progressing at different paces and following different technical routes: some begin with individual systems, some with the vehicle-wide power supply, and others introduce 48V at different power-distribution levels.

In China, high-power chassis loads such as brake-by-wire systems are being adopted more quickly, creating stronger demand for 48V. Consequently, 48V adoption in China may outpace the global market.

Q5

What is the biggest challenge to the large-scale adoption of 48V systems?

赵延 :

要评价48V能否规模化落地，必须从整个系统来看。站在安波福，尤其是安波福中央电气的角度，我们更关注线束中的零部件和连接器。对于连接器，我们在技术上已经有了较好的方案，主要挑战更多在于如何实施，以及如何结合客户端车型的更新迭代逐步导入；完整线束制造也面临类似情况。

整个系统还包括执行端和控制端，涉及控制器、半导体芯片等电子元件。尤其是芯片，适配不同电压的新产品在开发、成本和迭代方面面临挑战，迭代速度可能慢于机械件。

因此，现阶段48V整体落地的技术与成本难点，可能更多集中在芯片端。此外，还要看整车系统选择何时切入，以及能否协调好各环节的导入节奏。

Mr. Zhao Yan :

The rollout of 48V must be evaluated at the system level. From Aptiv's perspective, particularly from Aptiv Electrical Centers, our focus is on wiring harness components and connectors. For connectors, effective technical solutions are already available. The larger challenge is implementation: managing the impact on customers and introducing the changes progressively as their vehicle models evolve. Complete wiring harness manufacturing faces a similar situation.

The full system also includes actuators and controllers, involving electronic components such as controllers and semiconductor chips. For chips in particular, products designed for different voltage levels present challenges in development, cost and iteration, and their iteration cycle may be slower than that of mechanical components.

At this stage, the principal technical and cost challenges for full 48V deployment may therefore lie on the chip side. In practice, deployment also depends on vehicle-level system planning, including when the technology is introduced and how effectively the implementation timeline is coordinated.

Q6

Aptiv supplies connectors and also participates in overall architecture design. During project implementation, what matters most to OEMs: performance improvement, cost optimization or wiring harness weight reduction?

赵延 :

不同客户的关注重点并不一样。面向高端车型的客户，对成本相对不那么敏感，更关注新方案在技术和功能上相比原有版本有多大提升、是否达到需求，以及可靠性、验证冗余和可靠程度等。

对于以入门级、走量或经济型车型为主的客户，成本压力可能更大。他们会更关注切换方案能够带来多少成本收益，以及采用新产品需要投入多少费用，关注重心也会更多向成本端倾斜。也有部分高端客户，会更加关注技术方向本身。

Mr. Zhao Yan :

Different customers have different priorities. Customers focused on premium vehicles tend to be less cost-sensitive. They pay more attention to how much a new solution improves technology and functionality over the previous version, whether those gains meet their requirements, and factors such as reliability and validation margins.

Customers focused on entry-level, high-volume or economy vehicles may face greater cost pressure. They pay closer attention to the savings achieved by switching solutions and the investment required to adopt a new product, so their priority shifts more toward cost. Some premium customers place an even greater emphasis on the technology direction itself.