作者：金杜律师事务所 Tim Taylor QC
阿布扎比建立了新的普通法自由区——ADGM，制定了新的仲裁法规。本文将对ADGM法规与迪拜已经成熟的自由区DIFC和DIFC-LCIA规则作对比。
Abu Dhabi establishes new common law free zone - ADGM, enacting new arbitration regulations. Comparisons will be drawn with Dubai's already well established free zone, DIFC, and the DIFC-LCIA Rules.
ADGM是一个金融自由区，根据2004年联邦法律第8号、2013年联邦法令第15号、2013年内阁决议第4号和2013年阿布扎比法第4号建立。ADGM位于阿布扎比酋长国Al Maryah岛，占地1,680,323平方米，是一个从阿拉伯联合酋长国（ 阿联酋）独立出的单独管辖区域。ADGM不受阿联酋的民商法管辖，而是以普通法原则为原型，为满足该地区具体需求而量身定制的。
The ADGM is a financial free zone, established in accordance with Federal Law No 8 of 2004, Federal Decree No 15 of 2013, Cabinet Resolution No 4 of 2013, and Abu Dhabi Law No 4 of 2013. The ADGM occupies 1,680,323 sq. m on the Al Maryah Island, in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, and is a separate jurisdiction carved out of the United Arab Emirates (the “UAE”). The ADGM is not subject to UAE civil and commercial laws; instead it is modelled closely on principles of common law, and tailored to the region’s specific needs.
ADGM由三个独立权力机关组成：
The ADGM comprises of three independent authorities:
注册局——注册局处理ADGM内法律实体的设立、登记和许可的各方面事宜。它还为在Al Maryah岛办公的实体和专业人士提供所有“与政府相关的服务”。
The Registration Authority – The Registration Authority handles all aspects of incorporation, registration and licensing of legal entities in the ADGM. In addition, it provides all “government-related services” to entities and professionals working on Al Maryah Island.
金融服务监管局（FSRA）——FSRA肩负多种监管职能，以培育一个开放、高效、透明的市场并建立可靠的监管环境。
The Financial Services Regulatory Authority (the “FSRA”) – The FSRA undertakes various regulatory functions to foster an open, efficient and transparent marketplace, as well as a trusted regulatory environment.
ADGM法院——ADGM法院及司法部门广泛模仿了英国司法体系，由ADGM一审法院和ADGM上诉法院组成。ADGM的民商法基于《2015年英国法律适用条例》。这些法规使英国普通法（包括衡平法原则）直接适用于ADGM。 另外，一套内容广泛成熟的英国民事法律也适用于ADGM。ADGM董事会还制定了《2015年解释规则》，规定了应该如何解释ADGM的新法规。2015年12月17日，ADGM董事会制定了《ADGM法院、民事证据、判决、执行和司法任命规则》（简称“ADGM法院规则”），规范了法院的架构、权力和司法程序的规则。显然，ADGM法院对刑事案件没有管辖权，因此英国法律中提及的构成刑事犯罪的内容都被修改为构成对ADGM法院规则的违反，可以以罚金形式进行处罚。
The ADGM Courts – The ADGM Courts and judiciary are broadly modelled on the English judicial system. They are comprised of the ADGM Court of First Instance and the ADGM Court of Appeal. The foundation of the civil and commercial law in the ADGM is provided by the Application of English Law Regulations 2015. These regulations make English common law (including the principles of equity) directly applicable in the ADGM. In addition, a wide-ranging set of well-established English statutes on civil matters are also made applicable in the ADGM. The ADGM Board has also enacted the Interpretation Regulations 2015, which govern how the new regulations in the ADGM should be construed. On 17 December 2015 the ADGM Board enacted the ADGM Courts, Civil Evidence, Judgments, Enforcement and Judicial Appointments Regulations (the “ADGM Courts Regulations”) codifying the courts’ structure, their powers and the rules of judicial procedure. Notably, the ADGM Courts do not have jurisdiction in criminal matters, therefore any references in the English statutes to criminal offences have been amended to refer to breaches of the ADGM Courts Regulations, punishable by a monetary fine.
在仲裁方面，ADGM制定了仲裁规则（“仲裁规则”），以规范ADGM内的争议仲裁，但是目前，ADGM没有仲裁机构。仲裁规则规定了仲裁裁定应在ADGM法院得到承认和执行，并应鼓励选择ADGM作为仲裁地。这一规则以《联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》为范本，旨在实行最佳国际仲裁惯例和程序。
In connection with arbitration, the ADGM has enacted the Arbitration Regulations (the “ARs”) to govern the arbitration of disputes within the ADGM, however at present the ADGM lacks an arbitral institution. The ARs provide for the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in the ADGM Courts, and should encourage the use of the ADGM as a seat of arbitration. The Regulations are modeled on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration with the aim to implement best international arbitration practice and procedure.
根据当事人的协议，仲裁规则的制定旨在促进ADGM内的仲裁程序的开展。根据仲裁规则：
The ARs have been designed to facilitate the arbitral process within the ADGM in accordance with the parties’ agreements. Under the ARs:
法院对仲裁程序的干涉要有限度；
there is limited scope for court intervention in the arbitral process;
仲裁庭将有权考虑并裁定有关其自身管辖权的争议；
a tribunal will have the power to consider and decide disputes concerning its own jurisdiction;
质疑一项仲裁裁定的理由是有限的，不对案件事实进行审查；
the grounds for challenging an arbitral award are limited, with no review of the merits;
已经最大限度地给予当事人自治和对仲裁程序的控制；及
party autonomy and control over the arbitral process has been maximised; and
已对联合国国际贸易法委员会示范法做出修订，以适应ADGM司法和法律框架方面的独特性质。
amends to the UNCITRAL Model Law have been made to accommodate the unique nature of the ADGM’s jurisdictional and legal framework.
