周末读物 | 重温巴菲特与盖茨的巅峰对话：只需做好20个投资决策，便能积累巨额财富
Weekend Read | Revisiting the Legendary Buffett & Gates Dialogue: Just 20 Investment Decisions to Become Incredibly Wealthy
一、成功的秘诀与智商无关，而在于理性
I. Success Has Nothing to Do with IQ — It's All About Rationality
问题1：你们是如何一步步走到今天，成为世界上最富有的人的？
Q1: How did you get to where you are today, becoming richer than anyone could imagine?
巴菲特： 对我来说，答案其实很简单——成功与智商无关，关键在于理性。我一直把智商和天赋比作汽车的马力，而最终输出的功率则取决于理性。很多人拥有一辆400马力的汽车，却只发挥出100马力的功率。"最佳状态"应该是：一辆200马力的车，百分之百地发挥出200马力的功率。
Buffett: For me, the answer is quite simple — success has nothing to do with IQ; what matters is rationality. I've always thought of IQ and talent as the horsepower of a car, while the actual power output depends on rationality. Many people drive a 400-horsepower car but only deliver 100 horsepower. The "optimal state" should be: a 200-horsepower car delivering 100% of its 200 horsepower.
首先，不要给自己设置障碍。我有一个小建议：先选出你最崇拜的人，写下你崇拜他的原因以及他身上的优点；然后再选出你最厌恶的人，写下让你厌恶的地方。只要坚持实践一段时间，你所崇拜的人的优点就会逐渐内化为你的品质，假以时日，它们会完全成为你的一部分。
First, don't put obstacles in your own way. I have a small piece of advice: first, choose someone you admire most, and write down the reasons you admire them and their strengths. Then, select someone you dislike most, and write down what bothers you about them. As long as you practice this for a period of time, the virtues of the person you admire will gradually become your own. Given enough time, they will become entirely yours.
习惯的枷锁，开始时轻得几乎察觉不到，到后来却重得无法挣脱。"像我这个年纪，已经无法再改变任何习惯了。但从现在起，只要你坚定地坚持20年，便能养成某种习惯。"
The chains of habit are too light to be felt at first, but eventually become too heavy to break. "At my age, I can no longer change any habits. But from now on, if you commit to practicing for the next 20 years, you will develop certain habits."
盖茨： 我非常赞同巴菲特关于习惯的这番见解。幸运的是，我在很小的时候就接触到了计算机，这大概就是我能取得成功的缘由和秘密所在。尽管当时的计算机非常昂贵，功能也十分有限，但它依然令人着迷。我和一些朋友经过反复探讨后一致认为：这种神奇的芯片技术终将发展成为人人都能掌握的工具。正是凭借这点"先见之明"，我们在计算机刚刚兴起时便进入了这一领域，并倾注了大量心血。因此，我们创建的公司才能在这场天翻地覆的巨大变革中成为中流砥柱。非常幸运的是，这场革命至今仍处于初始阶段。
Gates: I completely agree with Buffett's insights on habits. Fortunately, I was exposed to computers at a very young age, which is probably the reason and secret behind my success. Although computers were extremely expensive and had limited capabilities at the time, they were still fascinating. After several discussions with some friends, we all came to the same conclusion: this magical chip technology would eventually become something everyone could master. Based on this "foresight," we entered the field right as the computer revolution was beginning, and we poured enormous effort into it. As a result, the company we built was able to become a pillar during this earth-shaking transformation. Fortunately, this revolution is still in its early stages.
问题2：你们如何定义成功？
Q2: How do you define success?
巴菲特： 成功就是快乐，快乐是我安身立命的根本。我庆幸自己生命中的每一天都在做喜欢的事，和欣赏的人一起工作，也没有必要和令人生厌的人合作。我每天跳着踢踏舞去上班，到了办公室后，总觉得自己如同躺在沙发上画天花板。这简直太有趣了。工作中唯一让我不喜欢的事，就是偶尔不得不解雇某个员工，这种事大约每三四年才发生一次。
Buffett: Success is happiness, and happiness is the foundation of my life. I'm grateful that every day of my life I do what I love, work with people I admire, and have no need to work with people I find repulsive. I tap-dance to work, and once I get to the office, I feel like I'm lying on a sofa painting the ceiling. It's simply too much fun. The only thing I don't like about work is that occasionally I have to fire someone — that happens only once every three or four years.
有人说，成功是得到你想要的东西，而快乐是满足于你拥有的东西。我不知道哪句话更适用于我，但我确实知道自己绝不会去做任何其他事情。我想给大家一个建议：当你出去工作时，要和你钦佩的人共事，在他们的组织里工作，因为这将令你充满激情。
Some say success is getting what you want, and happiness is being content with what you have. I'm not sure which applies more to me, but I do know I would never do anything else. I'd like to offer you a piece of advice: when you go out to work, work with people you admire, work in their organizations, because that will excite you.
我一直为这样的人感到担忧，他们总是说："我准备先干10年，虽然我真的不太喜欢这份工作。然后我就去做自己想做的事……"这有点像为了年老时使用而储存精力，实在不是什么好主意。我曾经拒绝过一些本来可以接受的交易，原因仅仅是我不喜欢不得不和某些人共事的感觉。我不愿和装模作样的人打交道，不愿和自己不喜欢的人纠缠不休，这就像纯粹为了钱而结婚一样。无论如何，这都可能是个糟糕透顶的主意。不过，如果你已经非常富有了，还要这样做，那绝对是脑子有问题，对吧？
I've always worried about people who say things like: "I'm going to work at this for 10 years, even though I don't really like the job. Then I'll go do what I really want…" That's a bit like saving up your energy for when you're old and past your prime — not a great idea. I've turned down deals I could have accepted simply because I didn't like the feeling of having to work with certain people. I don't want to deal with pretentious people or entangle myself with those I don't like — it's like marrying purely for money. In any case, that's probably a terrible idea. But if you're already very wealthy and still do it, you're definitely out of your mind, right?
盖茨： 我同意，关键在于你能否从每天的工作中获得乐趣。对我来说，这种乐趣就是与非常有魅力的人共事，致力于解决新的问题。每解决一个新问题，我们都会觉得："嘿，我们又取得了一点点成功。"我们相当谨慎，不会过多地沉湎于已有的成就，因为我们对自己的要求也在不断提高。
Gates: I agree — the key is whether you can derive joy from your daily work. For me, that joy comes from working with incredibly fascinating people on solving new problems. Every time we solve a new problem, we think: "Hey, we've achieved a little more success." We're quite careful not to dwell too much on past achievements, because we keep raising the bar for ourselves.
二、只需做好20个投资决策，就能变得非常富有
II. Just 20 Good Investment Decisions Can Make You Extremely Wealthy
问题3：你们做出的最好的商业决策是什么？
Q3: What were the best business decisions you ever made?
巴菲特： 最好的商业决策基本上就是选择与人合伙经营。投资领域有一件令人愉快的事情，那就是你不需要很多交易就能取得成功。假如从商学院毕业时，每人获得一张有20个孔的穿孔卡片，每做出一项投资决策就戳掉一个孔——这就是你一辈子所能拥有的全部投资机会。如果能做出20个出色的投资决策，你就能变得非常富有，根本不需要50个好主意。
Buffett: The best business decisions basically come down to choosing the right partnerships. One delightful thing about investing is that you don't need many deals to succeed. Imagine if, upon graduating from business school, everyone received a punch card with 20 holes. Every time you made an investment decision, you'd punch out one hole — that's all the investment opportunities you'd ever get. If you could make 20 excellent investment decisions, you could become incredibly wealthy. You don't need 50 good ideas.
盖茨： 今天早餐时我们还在讨论巴菲特做过的最糟糕的投资决策是什么。这可不是件容易的事，不过我们最终还是根据一些衡量标准认定，收购伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司可能是最不理想的一个。
Gates: At breakfast this morning, we were still discussing what Buffett's worst investment decision was. It wasn't easy, but we eventually determined, based on certain criteria, that buying Berkshire Hathaway was probably the least ideal one.
巴菲特： 这就是我常说的"捡烟蒂"投资法。你看到地上有个烟头，虽然脏兮兮的不堪入目，但它还有一口可以抽，而且是免费的。这就是当初买下伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司时的真实情况：它的售价低于营运资本，但这是一个十分可怕的错误。我犯过各种各样糟糕的错误，并为此付出了数亿美元的代价。我从不后悔没有收购微软公司，因为我不了解这家企业，也不了解英特尔公司。可是，有一些企业我是了解的，房利美就是其中之一。我虽然做出了投资这家公司的决定，但根本没有执行。我们原本能赚上数十亿甚至上百亿美元，但我们没有赚到。传统的记账方式没有记录下我们本应赚到的钱。
Buffett: This is what I call the "cigar butt" investing approach. You see a cigarette butt on the ground — it's dirty and disgusting, but there's still one puff left in it, and it's free. That's exactly what buying Berkshire Hathaway was like: it was selling below working capital, but it was a truly terrible mistake. I've made all sorts of terrible mistakes and paid hundreds of millions of dollars for them. I have no regrets about not acquiring Microsoft, because I didn't understand that business, and I didn't understand Intel either. But there were some companies I did understand — Fannie Mae was one of them. I made the decision to invest in that company, but I simply never executed it. We could have earned tens of billions of dollars, but we didn't. Traditional accounting doesn't record the money we should have made.
盖茨： 决定和保罗·艾伦一起创业，或许是我做出过的最好的商业决策；其次是聘用一位朋友——史蒂夫·鲍尔默，他一直是我最重要的经营伙伴。拥有一个你完全信任且忠诚于你的人，你们有着相似的愿景，而且他具备各种不同的技能，还能对你有所制约——这是非常重要的。
Gates: Deciding to start a company with Paul Allen was probably the best business decision I ever made, followed by hiring a friend — Steve Ballmer, who has been my most important business partner. Having someone you completely trust and who is loyal to you, someone who shares your vision but also brings different skills and can challenge you — that's incredibly important.
巴菲特： 多年来，我也有这样的合作伙伴，他就是查理·芒格。不过，你必须习惯芒格的表达方式。芒格经常说，我所做的每件事都是愚蠢的。然而实际情况是，如果他说"这么做确实很愚蠢"，我知道他说的是真的；但如果他只是说"这么做很愚蠢"，我就当他投了赞成票。
Buffett: Over the years, I've had such a partner too — Charlie Munger. But you have to get used to Munger's way of expressing himself. Munger often says that everything I do is stupid. However, the reality is: if he says "that's really stupid," I know he means it; but if he just says "that's stupid," I take it as a vote of approval.
三、作为领导者，我必须营造一种危机感
III. As a Leader, I Must Create a Sense of Crisis
问题4：创建一家新公司风险极大。你们如何判断创建新公司的最佳时机？
Q4: Starting a new company is extremely risky. How do you determine the best timing to start one?
盖茨： 当年创立微软时，我太兴奋了，以至于根本没有考虑任何风险。我有可能倒闭，但我拥有一系列非常专业的技能，即便公司倒闭，我也能很容易地找到工作。无论如何，如果你准备创办一家公司，就需要有足够的精力，让你有自信去克服冒险所带来的后果。同时，我不认为你们有必要在创业阶段就开办自己的公司。为一家公司工作并学习它们的运营方式，会让你受益匪浅。以我们自己为例，我和保罗·艾伦总是担心别人抢在我们前面，但结果往往是，我们推迟了一年又一年。事实上，很多事情就是因为有些滞后才没能更早启动，但在起跑线上多做准备对我们来说似乎也非常重要。
Gates: When I founded Microsoft, I was so excited that I didn't even think about the risks. I could have gone bankrupt, but I had a set of highly specialized skills — even if the company failed, I could easily find a job. In any case, if you're going to start a company, you need enough energy to give you the confidence to overcome the consequences of taking risks. At the same time, I don't think you need to start your own company right at the beginning of your career. Working for a company and learning how they do things can be immensely beneficial. Take us for example — Paul Allen and I were always afraid someone would beat us to it, but more often than not, we delayed year after year. In fact, many things didn't get started earlier because of some lag, but doing extra preparation at the starting line also seemed very important for us.
问题5：你们两位都是各自行业的创新者。你们如何定义创新？
Q5: You are both innovators in your respective industries. How do you define innovation?
巴菲特： 实际上，在自己的工作中我并不怎么进行创新。我只有两项职责：一项是分配资金，另一项是帮助15到20名高级管理人员，使他们在没有任何经济顾虑的情况下，以极大的热情投入到工作当中。如果这就是我所做的事，那么他们做的才是创新。
Buffett: Actually, I don't do much innovating in my own work. I have only two responsibilities: one is allocating capital, and the other is helping 15 or 20 senior managers pour themselves into their work with great passion, free from any financial concerns. If that's what I do, then what they do is innovation.
盖茨： 科技行业充满了曲折的变化。或许根本原因就在于，这是一个如此有趣的行业，所以没有一家公司会故步自封。IBM公司在技术上永远比任何公司更有优势，但它错过了技术发展道路上的几个关键转折点。因此，你每天早晨醒来时就应该想："嗯，我们一定要竭尽所能，不再错过今天技术发展道路上的重要转折。"然而，有时我们确实会措手不及。比如互联网出现时，我们只把它列为第五或第六优先级。但紧接着我们就意识到，互联网的发展比我们战略规划中预想的更迅速、更深刻。因此，作为领导者，我必须营造一种危机感。这种危机感每隔三四年就会出现一次。你必须认真倾听公司内部所有聪明人的意见。这就是为什么像我们这样的公司必须吸引拥有不同思维方式的员工。我们必须包容多种不同的意见，同时也要识别出正确的意见并给予支持。
Gates: The technology industry has so many twists and turns. Perhaps the fundamental reason is that it's such a fascinating industry that no company can afford to stand still. IBM will always have a technological advantage over any company, but it missed several critical turning points on the technology roadmap. So every morning when you wake up, you should think: "We must do everything we can not to miss today's important turning point in technology." Yet sometimes we're caught off guard. When the internet emerged, we ranked it as our fifth or sixth priority. But then we immediately realized that the internet was developing faster and more profoundly than our strategic plans had anticipated. Therefore, as a leader, I must create a sense of crisis. This sense of crisis occurs every three or four years. You must listen carefully to all the smart people inside your company. That's why a company like ours must attract employees with diverse ways of thinking. We must tolerate many different opinions, while also identifying the right ones and supporting them.
四、在技术革命中，寻找不变的东西
IV. In the Technology Revolution, Look for What Doesn't Change
问题6：信息时代的到来使社会发生了革命性的剧变。你们认为哪些国家和公司为这场变革做好了最充分的准备？
Q6: The arrival of the information age has brought revolutionary changes to society. Which countries and companies do you think are best prepared?
巴菲特： 仔细想想，就在15年以前，这个国家甚至对自身的全球竞争力还有一种自卑情结。
Buffett: Think about it — just 15 years ago, this country even had an inferiority complex about its global competitiveness.
盖茨： 但现在，美国已经处于非常领先的地位，成为信息技术的第一受益者。在新加坡、中国香港和斯堪的纳维亚半岛等国家和地区，人们采用信息技术的速度大致与我们相当。在韩国以及中国的许多地区，我们看到计算机以令人难以置信的速度进入了低收入家庭，因为那里的人们坚信，计算机是帮助孩子获得成功的工具。整个世界将大大受益于计算机的普及。可以预见的变化是，你的收入水平将不再取决于你来自哪个国家，而是取决于你所受的教育程度。
Gates: But now, the United States is in a very leading position, and is the primary beneficiary of information technology. In places like Singapore, Hong Kong, and Scandinavia, people are adopting information technology at roughly the same pace as we are. In South Korea and many parts of China, we see computers entering low-income households at an incredible rate, because people there firmly believe that computers are the tool that will help their children succeed. The entire world will greatly benefit from the spread of computers. A foreseeable change is that your income level will no longer depend on which country you come from, but on your level of education.
巴菲特： 一开始我并没有意识到这将是一场巨大的技术革命。这场革命将以激动人心的方式改变世界，而且速度飞快。然而颇具讽刺意味的是，我们对待技术革命的态度与盖茨截然相反。我在技术革命中寻找商机时，关注的中心是不变的东西。比如，我看待互联网的方式是：尽力确定一个行业或一家公司会受到互联网怎样的冲击，或者如何被互联网改变。然后，我就尽力避免这种情况发生。但这并不意味着我否认能从这种变化中赚取很多钱，我只是不认为那个人会是我。以箭牌口香糖为例，我不认为互联网会改变人们嚼口香糖的方式。而且我认为，互联网也不可能改变可口可乐作为人们最偏爱的饮料之一的地位，以及人们刮胡子的习惯。因此，我们寻求的是可预测的东西，而在盖茨所做的事情中找不到这种可预测性。作为社会的一员，我赞同他所做的事；但作为一名投资者，我始终以警惕的眼光看待这些技术变革。
Buffett: At first, I didn't grasp that this would be a massive technological revolution. This revolution would change the world in exciting ways and at tremendous speed. Yet ironically, our attitude toward the technology revolution is the exact opposite of Gates's. When I look for business opportunities in the technology revolution, my focus is on what doesn't change. For example, the way I view the internet is: I try to determine how an industry or company will be disrupted or transformed by the internet, and then I try to avoid that outcome. But that doesn't mean I deny that a lot of money can be made from these changes — I just don't think I'll be the one to make it. Take Wrigley's chewing gum, for instance. I don't think the internet will change the way people chew gum. And I don't believe the internet will change Coca-Cola's status as one of people's favorite beverages, or people's shaving habits. So what we're looking for is predictability, and you won't find that kind of predictability in what Gates does. As a member of society, I applaud what he does; but as an investor, I always view these technological changes with a wary eye.
盖茨： 在这个问题上，我与巴菲特的看法十分一致。我想，许多科技股的价格应该略低于可口可乐和吉列这样的公司的股票，因为我们正在经历规则的彻底变化。
Gates: On this issue, I'm very much in agreement with Buffett. I think many technology stocks should be priced slightly lower than stocks like Coca-Cola and Gillette, because we're undergoing a complete change in the rules.
问题7：你是否感受到高科技的发展提升了商业领域的效率？你愿意加大对科技方面的投入吗？
Q7: Do you feel that the development of high technology has improved efficiency in the business world? Are you willing to increase your investment in technology?
巴菲特： 我坚信高科技在提升企业效率方面发挥了非常大的作用。不过，问题是：假如我找到了一条复制杰克·韦尔奇（通用电气历史上最年轻的董事长兼CEO）成功之路的方法，并且拷贝了499个"韦尔奇"。韦尔奇继续经营他的通用电气公司，另外499位占据了《财富》500强的其他席位。这样的《财富》500强在5年之后会不会带来更高的净资产收益率呢？答案并没有那么简单。因为如果你制造了500个杰克·韦尔奇，他们之间会形成竞争关系，这样一来，可能会拉低整个美国商业界的利润率水平。然而，如果这些人并非那么精明，而只有一个杰克·韦尔奇与他们竞争，情况就会大不相同。如果管理水平参差不齐，那么获得超高利润率的概率也会大大提高。
Buffett: I firmly believe that high technology has played a tremendous role in improving corporate efficiency. However, the question is: suppose I found a way to replicate Jack Welch (the youngest Chairman and CEO in General Electric's history) and created 499 copies of "Welch." Welch continues to run GE, and the other 499 take up the remaining spots on the Fortune 500. Would such a Fortune 500 generate higher returns on equity after five years? The answer isn't that simple. Because if you create 500 Jack Welches, they'll compete with each other, which could drive down profit margins across American business as a whole. On the other hand, if these people weren't so sharp, and there was only one Jack Welch competing against them, the situation would be very different. If management quality varies widely, the probability of achieving super-high profit margins increases significantly.
商业领域的很多事情，包括高科技行业，就如同一场盛大的街头游行表演。如果你想观看演出，就不得不踮起脚尖。而30秒之后，其他人也都踮起了脚尖。尽管你的双腿累得几乎抽筋，却还是很难看到想看的盛况。当创新取得进步时，资本主义似乎自行失效了。这简直太棒了，因为这意味着一切都会变得更好。不过，真正的难题在于，如何在踮起脚尖的同时又不被别人注意到？
Many things in business, including the high-tech industry, are like a grand parade along the street. If you want to watch the show, you have to stand on your tiptoes. But after 30 seconds, everyone else is on their tiptoes too. Even though your legs are cramping from exhaustion, you still can barely see the spectacle you wanted to see. When innovation advances, capitalism seems to defeat itself. That's wonderful, because it means everything gets better. But the real challenge is: how do you stand on your tiptoes without anyone else noticing?
五、我去世后大约5年内，都将一直工作
V. I'll Keep Working for About 5 Years After I'm Gone
问题8：如果你们不在了，你们的公司会发生什么？
Q8: What will happen to your companies if you're no longer around?
巴菲特： 我去世后大约5年内，都将一直工作。即使我在今夜离去，人们也不会喝不到可口可乐，不会放弃刮胡子，不会少吃时思糖果或帝力棒，也不会出现任何诸如此类的情况。这些公司拥有非常好的产品和杰出的管理人员。只要确保有人坐在伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的最高位置上分配资金，并确保各级管理者是合适的人选就可以了。我们已经确定了做这些事的人选，我们的董事会也知道他们是谁。事实上，我已经写好了一封说明应该做什么的信，还准备了另一封到时才会发出的信，这封信以"昨天我去世了"开头，接着会详细说明公司的后续计划。
Buffett: I'll keep working for about five years after I die. Even if I were to pass away tonight, people wouldn't stop drinking Coca-Cola, stop shaving, eat less See's Candies or Dilly Bars, or anything of the sort. These companies have excellent products and outstanding managers. All that's needed is to make sure someone sits at the top of Berkshire Hathaway, allocating capital and ensuring the right people are in management positions at every level. We've already identified who those people are, and our board of directors knows who they are. In fact, I've already written a letter explaining what should be done, and I've prepared another letter to be sent at the time, beginning with "Yesterday I died," followed by a detailed plan for the company.
问题9：是什么促使你们在1995年一起前往中国的？
Q9: What prompted the two of you to travel to China together in 1995?
盖茨： 我们有许多理由前往中国，其中一部分是为了休息和娱乐。微软公司当时已经在投资中国市场。虽然每年在中国售出大约300万台计算机，但人们并不为软件付费。不过，总有一天他们会为此买单的。而且，如果他们想使用盗版软件，我们希望他们盗版的是我们的软件。在他们变得有点上瘾之后，在未来10年内的某个时候，我们将设法解决如何收费的问题。
Gates: We had many reasons for going to China, partly for rest and recreation. Microsoft was already investing in the Chinese market. Although about 3 million computers were being sold in China each year, people weren't paying for software. But someday they would. And if they wanted to use pirated software, we wanted them to pirate ours. After they got a bit addicted, at some point in the next 10 years, we'd figure out how to collect payment.
巴菲特： 在中国，我度过了一段非常美好的时光，而且还证实了我的一种预想——中国将成为可口可乐的大市场。我对那里的每一个人说，可口可乐的作用就像是一种催化剂。
Buffett: I had a wonderful time in China, and it also confirmed a prediction of mine — that China would become a huge market for Coca-Cola. I told everyone there that Coca-Cola acts like a catalyst.
问题10：你们如何运用自己的影响力，去感召那些成功人士甚至尚未那么成功的人去回馈社会？
Q10: How do you use your influence to inspire successful people — and even those who aren't yet so successful — to give back to society?
巴菲特： 我来提供另一种可供参考的思路。假设现在是你出生前24小时，这时出现了一个精灵，它告诉你："你看起来像位成功者。你可以制定经济法则、社会法则以及在你和你的子女人生中将要面临的一切法则。条件是：你不知道自己将出生在一个富有的还是贫穷的家庭，非裔美国人还是白人的家庭，你也不知道自己将是男是女，体格健全还是羸弱，聪明还是愚钝。"你所知道的，就是你将是58亿个球中的一个。你要面对的是"子宫彩票"游戏。对你来说，这将是人生中最重要的事情，而你自己却无能为力。你的命运远不是你的学习成绩或者人生中其他经历所能决定的。
Buffett: Let me offer another way to think about this. Imagine it's 24 hours before you're born, and a genie appears and tells you: "You look like a success. You can set the economic rules, social rules, and all the rules that will govern your life and your children's lives. The condition is: you don't know whether you'll be born into a wealthy or poor family, an African-American or white family. You don't know whether you'll be male or female, physically strong or frail, smart or dull." All you know is that you'll be one of 5.8 billion balls. You're facing the "ovarian lottery." For you, this will be the most important thing in life, and you'll have no control over it. Your fate will be determined far less by your grades or any other life experiences.
那么，你希望你所制定的法则所形成的系统是什么样的呢？你想要的系统应该能带来更多的商品和服务。这个世界上有那么多人，你希望他们生活得好，你希望自己的后代比自己生活得更好。你想要的系统应该能让比尔·盖茨、安迪·格鲁夫和杰克·韦尔奇这样的人一直工作下去，甚至工作到他们本不该工作的年纪。你希望最有才能的人每天工作超过12小时。同时，你也希望你的系统能够照顾到那些不太完美、缺乏运气的"球"。你不希望人们在年迈时担忧生病了该怎么办，或者对晚上回家的路充满恐惧。你梦想中的系统是——在某种程度上，人们不再恐惧。而你用自己赚的钱做什么，则是另一回事。在你完成这个思维实验的过程中，每个人都可以提供不同的意见。所以，我建议大家来玩玩这个小游戏。
So what kind of system do you want the rules you create to form? You want a system that produces more goods and services. There are so many people in this world, and you want them to live well. You want your descendants to live better than you did. You want a system that keeps people like Bill Gates, Andy Grove, and Jack Welch working, even beyond the age when they should be working. You want the most talented people to work more than 12 hours a day. At the same time, you want your system to take care of those less perfect, less lucky "balls." You don't want people to worry about what to do when they're old and sick, or to be afraid of walking home at night. The system you dream of is one where, to some extent, people no longer live in fear. And what you do with the money you earn is another matter entirely. As you go through this thought experiment, everyone can offer different opinions. So I suggest you all try playing this little game.
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你好，我是佩叶斯登，资深投资者，币圈老韭菜，擅长海外走资和投资 君子爱财，取之有道，互利互惠，才可长久 联系佩叶斯登：https://vlink.cc/president16888
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