【跨境合规】新加坡《个人信息保护法》（PDPA ）中英对照摘录（一）

1. 释义

(1) 本法中，除文意另有所指外：

“咨询委员会”，是指依据第7条任命的咨询委员会；

“上诉委员会”，是指依据第48P 条第(4)款组成的数据保护上诉委员会(参见 附表7)；

“上诉专家组”，是指依据第48P 条第(1)款成立的数据保护上诉专家组；

关于依据本法相关条款行使任何权力、履行任何职能或职责的“被授权官员”，是指依据2016年《信息通信媒体发展管理局法》第38条被授权行使该项权力、履行该项职能或职责的人员；

“管理局”，是指依据2016年《信息通信媒体发展管理局法》第3条成立的信息通信媒体发展管理局；

“福利计划”，是指保险单、养老金、年金、公积金计划或其他类似计划；

“业务活动”，包括任何组织的活动，无论其是否以盈利为目的以及是否定期、重复或持续进行，但不包括个人自己或家庭开展的活动；

“业务联系信息”，是指个人的姓名、职位或头衔、业务电话号码、业务地址、业务电子邮件地址或业务传真号码，以及个人的任何其他类似信息，但不包括个人仅因其私人目的而提供的信息；

关于管理局的“行政长官”，是指依据2016年《信息通信媒体发展管理局法》第40(2)条任命的管理局行政长官，包括以该身份做出的任何个人行为；

“委员会”，是指依据第5条被任命为个人数据保护委员会，负责实施本法；

“委员”，是指依据第8条第(1)款(a)项委任的个人数据保护委员会委员，以及根据第8条第(1)款(b)项委任的其他个人数据保护副委员或个人数据保护助理委员；

“征信机构”，是指符合以下条件的组织：

（a）以盈利或牟利为目的提供信用报告；

（b）或者以常规、非盈利的方式提供信用报告，作为其以盈利或牟利业务的附属业务；

“信用报告”，是指以书面、口头或其他形式提供给某一组织，用以评估交易相对方个人信用的信息；

“数据中介”，是指代表另一组织处理个人数据的组织，但代表另一组织的员工处理数据的不属此列；

“衍生的个人数据”是指：

（a）某组织在业务活动中从其所持有或控制的个人数据中所衍生出的个人数据，该数据可能出自同一人，也可能出自其他人；但

（b）不包括该组织使用指定的手段或方法得出的个人数据；

“文件”，包括以任何形式记录的信息；

“家庭的”，是指与家庭或家人有关的；

“教育机构”，是指开展教育活动(包括指导、培训或教学)的组织，不论其单独开展，与他人联合、合作开展，还是加盟作为附属机构开展；

“员工”，包括志愿者；

“工作”，包括无偿志愿工作；

“评估目的”，是指：

（a）为确定数据主体在以下场景中是否适合、是否具有相应资格或资质：

（i）工作或委任职务；

（ii）工作或职务的晋升或续聘；

（iii）辞退或离任；

（iv）申请入学；

（v）订立合同，授予奖项、助学金、奖学金、荣誉或其他类似福利；

（vi）体育或艺术选拔；

（vii）或根据公共部门的管理计划而为个人提供财务或社会援助，或提供适当的医疗服务；

（b）为决定是否应继续、修改或取消合同、奖项、助学金、奖学金、荣誉或其他类似福利；

（c）为决定是否为任何个人或财产投保或续保；

（d）或各部部长可能指定的其他类似目的；

“个人”，是指自然人，无论其在世或离世；

“检查员”，是指依据第8条第(1)款(b)项被任命为检查员的个人；

“调查”，是指与以下事项有关的调查：

（a）违约行为；

（b）违反成文法，违反职业行为准则，或违反监管机构根据成文法行使权力时施加的其他要求的行为；或

（c）可能引发依法应予补偿或救济的情况或行为；

“国家利益”，包括国防、国家安全、公共安全、维持基本服务以及处理国际事务；

“组织”，包括个体、公司、协会或任何个人、法人或非法人组织形式的机构，不论其是否符合以下条件：

（a）依据新加坡法律成立或认可；或

（b）系新加坡居民，或在新加坡设有办事、营业组织；

“个人数据”，是指能够从该数据中识别出具体个人身份的数据，不论这些数据真实与否；或者能够通过将该数据与该组织已经或可能访问的其他信息相结合而识别出该个人的数据。

“指定的医疗机构”，是指由负责健康事务的部长按照附表二之目的而指定的医疗机构；

“指定的执法部门”，是指依据成文法承担调查罪行与指控罪犯职责的机关，该机关由负责相关事务的部长按照第21条第(4)款、第26D 条第(6)款及附表二之目的指定；

“私人信托”，是指为委托人的朋友或家人等一个或多个受益人的利益而设立的信托；

“诉讼”，是指由法院、法庭或监管机构提起或向其提起的与以下指控有关的任何民事、刑事或行政诉讼：

（a）违约行为；

（b）违反成文法，违反职业行为准则，或违反监管机构根据成文法行使权力时施加的其他要求的行为；或

（c）导致对方依法主张救济的错误行为或违反义务的行为；

个人数据的“处理”，是指对个人数据执行的一种或一系列处理活动，包括以下任一项：

（a）记录；

（b）保存；

（c）统编、调整或更改；

（d）检索；

（e）结合；

（f）传输；

（g）删除或销毁；

“公共部门”，包括：

（a）政府，包括任何部、司、局或国家机构；

（b）任何依据成文法委任的法庭；或

（c）任何依照第(2)款设立的法定机构；

个人数据的“公开可用”，是指某些个人数据已向公众普遍公开，包括以下地点或事件中可以通过合理方式观察到的个人数据：

（a）数据主体在该地点或事件中出现；且

（b）该地点或事件本身对公众开放；

“相关机构”，是指委员会、上诉专家组或上诉委员会；

“法庭”，包括司法或准司法机关以及惩戒、仲裁或调解机构；

某组织的“用户活动数据”，是指在数据主体使用该组织所提供的产品或服务过程中或完毕后产生的个人数据；

某组织的“用户提供的数据”，是指数据主体提供给该组织的个人数据。

[2016年第22号法案；2020年第40号法案]

(2) 部长可以在公报上发布公告，指定某一依据公法为履行公共职能而成立的法定机构为本法所指的公共部门。

PART 1 PRELIMINARY

1. Interpretation

(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

“advisory committee” means an advisory committee appointed under section 7;

“Appeal Committee” means a Data Protection Appeal Committee constituted under section 48P(4), read with the Seventh Schedule;

“Appeal Panel” means the Data Protection Appeal Panel established by section 48P(1);

“authorised officer”, in relation to the exercise of any power or performance of any function or duty under any provision of this Act, means a person to whom the exercise of that power or performance of that function or duty under that provision has been delegated under section 38 of the Info-communications Media Development Authority Act 2016;

“Authority” means the Info-communications Media Development Authority established by section 3 of the Info-communications Media Development Authority Act 2016;

“benefit plan” means an insurance policy, a pension plan, an annuity, a provident fund plan or other similar plan;

“business” includes the activity of any organisation, whether or not carried on for purposes of gain, or conducted on a regular, repetitive or continuous basis, but does not include an individual acting in his or her personal or domestic capacity;

“business contact information” means an individual's name, position name or title, business telephone number, business address, business electronic mail address or business fax number and any other similar information about the individual, not provided by the individual solely for his or her personal purposes;

“Chief Executive”, in relation to the Authority, means the Chief Executive of the Authority appointed under section 40(2) of the Info-communications Media Development Authority Act 2016, and includes any individual acting in that capacity;

“Commission” means the person designated as the Personal Data Protection Commission under section 5 to be responsible for the administration of this Act;

“Commissioner” means the Commissioner for Personal Data Protection appointed under section 8(1)(a), and includes any Deputy Commissioner for Personal Data Protection or Assistant Commissioner for Personal Data Protection appointed under section 8(1)(b);

“credit bureau” means an organisation which —

(a) provides credit reports for gain or profit; or

(b) provides credit reports on a routine, non-profit basis as an ancillary part of a business carried on for gain or profit;

“credit report” means a communication, whether in written, oral or other form, provided to an organisation to assess the creditworthiness of an individual in relation to a transaction between the organisation and the individual;

“data intermediary” means an organisation which processes personal data on behalf of another organisation but does not include an employee of that other organisation;

“derived personal data” —

(a) means personal data about an individual that is derived by an organisation in the course of business from other personal data, about the individual or another individual, in the possession or under the control of the organisation; but

(b) does not include personal data derived by the organisation using any prescribed means or method;

“document” includes information recorded in any form;

“domestic” means related to home or family;

“education institution” means an organisation that provides education, including instruction, training or teaching, whether by itself or in association or collaboration with, or by affiliation with, any other person;

“employee” includes a volunteer;

“employment” includes working under an unpaid volunteer work relationship;

“evaluative purpose” means—

(a) the purpose of determining the suitability, eligibility or qualifications of the individual to whom the data relates—

(i) for employment or for appointment to office;

(ii) for promotion in employment or office or for continuance in employment or office;

(iii) for removal from employment or office;

(iv) for admission to an education institution;

(v) for the awarding of contracts, awards, bursaries, scholarships, honours or other similar benefits;

(vi) for selection for an athletic or artistic purpose; or

(vii) for grant of financial or social assistance, or the delivery of appropriate health services, under any scheme administered by a public agency;

(b) the purpose of determining whether any contract, award, bursary, scholarship, honour or other similar benefit should be continued, modified or cancelled;

(c) the purpose of deciding whether to insure any individual or property or to continue or renew the insurance of any individual or property; or

(d) such other similar purposes as the Minister may prescribe;

“individual” means a natural person, whether living or deceased;

“inspector” means an individual appointed as an inspector under section 8(1)(b);

“investigation” means an investigation relating to—

(a) a breach of an agreement;

(b) a contravention of any written law, or any rule of professional conduct or other requirement imposed by any regulatory authority in exercise of its powers under any written law; or

(c) a circumstance or conduct that may result in a remedy or relief being available under any law;

“national interest” includes national defence, national security, public security, the maintenance of essential services and the conduct of international affairs;

“organisation” includes any individual, company, association or body of persons, corporate or unincorporated, whether or not—

(a) formed or recognised under the law of Singapore; or

(b) resident, or having an office or a place of business, in Singapore;

“personal data” means data, whether true or not, about an individual who can be identified from that data; or from that data and other information to which the organisation has or is likely to have access;

“prescribed healthcare body” means a healthcare body prescribed for the purposes of the Second Schedule by the Minister charged with the responsibility for health;

“prescribed law enforcement agency” means an authority charged with the duty of investigating offences or charging offenders under written law, prescribed for the purposes of sections 21(4) and 26D(6) and the Second Schedule by the Minister charged with the responsibility for that authority;

“private trust” means a trust for the benefit of one or more designated individuals who are the settlor's friends or family members;

“proceedings” means any civil, criminal or administrative proceedings by or before a court, tribunal or regulatory authority that is related to the allegation of—

(a) a breach of an agreement;

(b) a contravention of any written law or any rule of professional conduct or other requirement imposed by any regulatory authority in exercise of its powers under any written law; or

(c) a wrong or a breach of a duty for which a remedy is claimed under any law;

“processing”, in relation to personal data, means the carrying out of any operation or set of operations in relation to the personal data, and includes any of the following:

(a) recording;

(b) holding;

(c) organisation, adaptation or alteration;

(d) retrieval;

(e) combination;

(f) transmission;

(g) erasure or destruction;

“public agency” includes—

(a) the Government, including any ministry, department, agency, or organ of State;

(b) any tribunal appointed under any written law; or

(c) any statutory body specified under subsection (2);

“publicly available”, in relation to personal data about an individual, means personal data that is generally available to the public, and includes personal data which can be observed by reasonably expected means at a location or an event—

(a) at which the individual appears; and

(b) that is open to the public;

“relevant body” means the Commission, the Appeal Panel or any Appeal Committee;

“tribunal” includes a judicial or quasi-judicial body or a disciplinary, an arbitral or a mediatory body;

“user activity data”, in relation to an organisation, means personal data about an individual that is created in the course or as a result of the individual's use of any product or service provided by the organisation;

“user-provided data”, in relation to an organisation, means personal data provided by an individual to the organisation.

[22/2016; 40/2020]

(2) The Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, specify any statutory body established under a public Act for a public function to be a public agency for the purposes of this Act.