【新闻资讯】第15周 空运市场动态

3月制造业PMI：全球回暖，中国重回扩张区间

中国PMI为50.4%，环比上升1.4个百分点；其中新出口订单指数为49.1%，环比上升4.1个百分点。（中国物流与采购联合会发布）

全球PMI为52.1%，环比上升0.2个百分点。（摩根大通和标准普尔联合发布）

欧元区PMI为51.6%，环比上升0.8个百分点；其中德国PMI为52.2%，环比上升1.3个百分点。（标准普尔和德国汉堡商业银行HCOB联合发布）

美国PMI为52.7%，环比上升0.3个百分点。（美国供应链管理协会ISM发布）

3 月中国制造业 PMI 超预期回升并重返荣枯线以上，既受季节性因素推动，也受中东地缘政治冲突影响：石油、化工等原材料价格大幅上涨，叠加物流运价抬升，反映原材料、物流成本高的企业占比环比上升，主要原材料购进价格指数、出厂价格指数分别为 63.9%、55.4%。

总体来看，目前国内PMI抬升主要为成本端拉动，需求端影响尚不明确，对航空货运影响有待观察。

一周货机航线动态

3月31日，埃塞俄比亚航空开通鄂州-圣保罗全货机航线，由B777F执飞，每周3班，去程以跨境电商包裹为主，回程以三文鱼、新鲜水果等生鲜货品为主。

4月1日，顺丰航空开通鄂州-巴黎全货机航线，由B747F执飞，主要承运国际快线、跨境电商包裹。

4月1日，地中海航空开通鄂州-意大利布雷西亚全货机航线，由B777F执飞，每周4班，去程以跨境电商货物为主，兼顾机械设备、零部件、塑料制品等工业产品，回程聚焦时尚奢侈品、个护美妆、高端机械零部件、汽车配件、精密仪器等。

4月4日，合肥物流集团开通合肥-迪拜全货机航线，由乌兹别克斯坦货运航空公司（My Freighter）的B767F执飞，主要运载跨境电商、快时尚和高附加值货物等。

4月5日，江西货航开通昆明-达卡全货机航线，由A330F执飞，主要运载生鲜、国际快件等。

来源：全球航空货运

全国首票“多式联运+TIR运输”落地西安

全国首票“多式联运+TIR运输”出口货物近日从陕西西咸空港口岸启运，经西安国际港站铁路运输至新疆伊尔克什坦口岸，以TIR模式出境前往乌兹别克斯坦。全程预计17天，较传统运输压缩3天。

该模式实现"一次报关、一次施封、一箱到底"，货物在不同运输方式换装时无需开箱查验，大幅节约时间成本。

来源：中国民航网

全球最大货运无人机在郑州成功试飞

3月31日，我国首款全球最大货运无人机"长鹰-8"在郑州成功首飞。该机最大起飞重量7吨，航程超3000公里，配备18立方米全封闭货舱，支持双向快速装卸，15分钟即可完成过站。此次首飞全程采用智能系统自主飞行，标志着我国在大型智能无人运输平台领域实现重要突破。

来源：央广网

京东物流快运产品体系全面升级

京东物流宣布旗下快运产品全面升级，以一体化供应链能力与扎实的运营底盘为核心支撑，通过产品分层优化与时效升级，推出重货特快、重货标快、重货特惠三大产品序列；同时将快运首重门槛从20kg降低至15kg，进一步完善快运服务生态，更全面覆盖电商零售、产地生鲜等多领域的次重货发运需求。

来源：京东物流黑板报

顺丰开通中泰鲜花冷链专线

顺丰中泰鲜花冷链专线正式开通运营。此次开通的顺丰鲜花冷链专线采用44HQ国际标准冷柜，车厢内恒温控制在2℃-6℃，配备实时温控监测系统，从斗南花市揽收装车后直发曼谷达拉泰市场，全程实现“冷链不中断、路由可监控”。依托顺丰专业冷链运输优势，鲜花经磨憨口岸快速通关，无需中转即可直达曼谷，可实现“今日发货、隔日派送”的运输时效。

来源：顺丰集团

中国电商在荷兰市场占比31%

据Ecommercenews.eu数据，去年荷兰线上消费总额 357 亿欧元，同比微降 1%，降幅主要来自服务业（订单大跌 11%）；实物商品购买量增长 2%，玩具销售额大涨24%。荷兰跨境电商贸易持续增长，国际订单达4480万笔，同比增长 9%，中国电商市场份额已扩大至31%，成为核心供给方。

来源：出海网

WTO全球电商关税延期谈判破裂

世界贸易组织（WTO）近日未能就延续已实施28年的电子商务关税暂停征收协议达成共识，导致全球性数字贸易免税安排暂时断裂。由于巴西、土耳其等国反对延期，协议未能更新。但以美国、英国、日本、墨西哥等为首的23个WTO成员自行达成一致，彼此之间继续维持不征收电子商务关税的现行做法，以确保数字贸易的稳定。不过，目前还不清楚是否有国家计划对数字下载、流媒体等服务启动新的关税。此议题预计将在5月初于日内瓦举行的WTO全体成员会议上重新讨论。

来源：出海网

Asian airfreight market faces rising pressure

受中东冲突影响，亚洲空运市场供求失衡加剧。中国大陆方面，华北需求稳定，华东有效载运量与运力均下降，华南电商货带动需求回升；中国台湾地区运价涨幅约 20%-30%。东北亚、东南亚运力紧张，运价波动大，印度运价有效期仅 24-48 小时。市场普遍需提前 5-7 天订舱，运价确认后需立即锁定。

The airfreight market across Asia is facing rising pressure as prices rise, fuel surcharges are rolled out and capacity continues to tighten as a result of the conflict in the Middle East.

Taiwan-headquartered freight forwarder Dimerco said that air cargo conditions are becoming more constrained in Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia as higher fuel costs, longer routings and service adjustments reduce effective capacity.

In Taiwan, disruptions through Middle East hubs and rising fuel surcharges are pushing airfreight rate increases of roughly 20% to 30%, especially for electronics and urgent cargo, Dimerco said.

Out of north China, Dimerco said that overall demand remains stable, with soft capacity across most Asia and US lanes keeping rates stable, while European lanes are tightening with rising rates, driven by airspace disruptions and rerouting due to Middle East conflicts, reducing effective payload and capacity. 

In east China, payload restrictions are “severe” due to the rising prices of fuel, significantly reducing effective capacity and tightening supply across most lanes.And in South China, demand is strengthening, driven mostly by the e-commerce cargo growth, while capacity is largely stable overall, with major carriers – with the exception of Middle East airlines – operating normally.Regional lanes remain stable in both capacity and rates, while Europe and the US lanes are tight with rising rates, indicating stronger outbound pressure. 

In Southeast Asia, capacity remains tight due to rerouting and demand surges, with fuel surcharges increasing and driving higher and more unstable rates.Dimerco said that advance booking (5–7 days) is required to secure space and bookings should be placed immediately upon rate confirmation due to rate volatility.In India, airfreight rates have very short validity (24–48 hours), requiring immediate confirmation, Dimerco said, adding that there is also the risk of storage charges due to frequent schedule changes.

来源：Air Cargo News

Cathay Cargo looks for Asia-Europe mid points to combat capacity limitations

国泰货运已取消飞往迪拜、利雅得的客运航班至 5 月底，货运航班则暂停至另行通知。原经迪拜往返亚欧的 8 条货运航线中，5 条改为直飞，但造成载货量受限，目前正寻找替代中途点以解决该问题。航油价格大幅上涨对运营造成影响，2025 年燃油成本占国泰总运营成本约 30%。目前，国泰货运已相应上调燃油附加费。

In the airline’s monthly newsletter, Cathay Cargo director of cargo Dominic Perret said that the carrier had cancelled passenger operations to Dubai and Riyadh until the end of May and freighter services to those destinations until further notice.

Five out of its eight freighter services that had been flying on the Asia-Europe trade via Dubai are now flying directly but this has resulted in payload limitation.

As a result, Perret said the carrier was “currently reviewing alternative mid-points with the aim of removing this restriction”.

Elsewhere, he also highlighted how the “surge” in jet fuel prices was impacting the carrier.

“Fuel accounted for approximately 30% of Cathay Pacific’s total operating costs in 2025,” he said. “Like many airlines, Cathay undertakes fuel hedging to manage price volatility.

“However, in 2026, our hedging covers only around 30% of the crude oil component and does not apply to the refinery component, making this measure insufficient given the scale of the recent surge in the price of jet fuel.”

Like many airlines around the world, Cathay Cargo has had to increase fuel surcharges in response to the price increase in jet fuel.

来源：Air Cargo News