Master these five things and you'll instantly be a better photographer.
1. Exposure(曝光)
By using lots of exposure compensation toward the negative, we're left with a dark flower and bee silhouetted against the sky. This lets us just focus on the contrast and shape of the scene.
The first thing you're going to want to know is that light is an elemental particle that exhibits wave-particle duality in accordance with the laws of quantum phys... Just kidding. This is the easy version. While you can spend literally your entire life studying the way light moves through the universe, you budding photographers just need to concern yourself with one concept: brightness.
Have a sky that's way too bright? Slide that sucker towards the negative. Trying to brighten up an area in the shadows? Move it to the plus side. Play around with it until you get the idea. Congratulations! You just figured out the most powerful concept in photography.
2. Light(用光)
By shooting when the sun is low we get a wonderful golden light as well as more interesting atmospheric effects.
So now you kinda sorta get how light is affecting your shots. Now you want to go find it. Specifically, you want to find situations where light is dramatic. The best time to do this is during something called the "golden hour." The golden hour is simply the hour right around dawn and right before sunset. It's named this for the beautiful golden color the sun often takes on at these times of day.
3. Perspective(角度)
This shot gets on the dog's level for a much more interesting perspective, seeing the world how he sees it.
Most of us see the entire world from between five and six feet off the ground. BOOOOOORING. While there are entire books on the creative use of perspective, how different lenses affect your perspective, and other wonderful tips, a beginner only needs to know one thing: experiment. Get lower, get higher, get directly above your subject, or directly below them. Zoom in on your subject, zoom out and show how your subject fits in the world around you.
4. Focus(对焦)
By focusing on a certain point we draw the viewer's eye towards it, blurring out the rest of the background.
When you're trying to capture something in a photo, you want that subject to be in focus so the details are crisp. On a smartphone this is easy; you just tap whatever it is you're trying to shoot on the screen. For other cameras it can be a little more complicated, but typically speaking if your camera has a physical shutter button, you can focus by holding the button halfway down. When the camera thinks it's locked in it'll usually surround the subject in a green box of some sort and give a cheerful beep indicating everything's good to go. Press the button the rest of the way and voila, you've got an in-focus photo.
5. Composition(构图)
By placing the subject on the left side of the frame we leave room for him to move into, so your eyes move from left to right with the ball.
Composition is essentially three things: what you keep in the frame, what you leave out, and where you put things that are in the frame. While the first two aspects are fairly straightforward, the third is a bit trickier. When we're starting out as photographers we tend to just put our subject in the center. This is fine, but it also gets boring, quickly.
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