印度判决“立即离婚”违法！

India’s government on September 19th approved an ordinance to implement a top court ruling striking down the Muslim practice that allows men to instantly divorce.

印度政府于上月十九日通过了一项法令以执行最高法院的判决——废止允许男性“立即离婚”的穆斯林习俗。

Before the government's landmark ruling, men were able to "instantly" divorce their wives by simply uttering the Arabic word "talaq" three times over.

在政府做出这项具有里程碑意义的裁决之前，男性只要把阿拉伯语单词“塔拉克”说三遍，就能“立即”同妻子解除婚姻关系。

The government decision came after it failed to get approval from Parliament a year after the court ruled that the practice of instant divorce violated the constitutional rights of Muslim women.

一年前，法院判决“立即离婚”侵犯了穆斯林妇女的宪法权利，但政府的这项决议当时未能得到议会的批准。

Meaning "you are divorced", the "triple talaq" practice has allowed men to dump their wives immediately without any legal proceedings.

“三重塔拉克”的意思是“你被离婚了”，这种做法让男人可以在没有任何法律程序的情况下立即摆脱他们的妻子。

The practice of instant divorce could also be spread over several months with men also "divorcing" their wives via social media and WhatsApp.

立即离婚的做法也可能会在几个月内传播开来，男性也可能通过社交媒体和WhatsApp与妻子“离婚”。

NPR's Julie McCarthy described triple talaq as a "sword hanging over a woman's head," where men could order their wives around because of the threat of instant divorce. 

NPR新闻的Julie McCarthy把“三重塔拉克”形容为“悬在女人头上的剑”，男人们可以凭借“立即离婚”的威胁随意命令他们的妻子。

A 2015 survey of India's Muslim community "found that 1 in every 11 women has had their marriage ended by talaq," she reported. "Of those divorced women, fewer than five percent ever gets any financial support."

一项2015年对印度穆斯林社区的调查发现“每11位女性中就有1人的婚姻因‘塔拉克’而终结”。“但在这些离婚女性中，只有不到5%的人得到过经济支持。”

The government will have another six months to get Parliament’s approval for the ordinance to become law. But in the meantime, those who violate it can be prosecuted under the ordinance.

政府将再有六个月的时间让议会批准该法令成为正式法律。但与此同时，违反该法令的人可以根据该法令被起诉。

Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said that nearly 22 countries, including neighboring Pakistan and Bangladesh, have banned the practice and appealed to the opposition to approve the Muslim Women Protection of Rights on Marriage Bill.

法律部长Ravi Shankar Prasad表示，包括邻国巴基斯坦和孟加拉国在内的近22个国家已经禁止这种离婚行为，并呼吁反对派批准“穆斯林妇女保护婚姻权利法案”。

“The issue of triple talaq has continued unabated,” Prasad told a news conference, adding that the government had recorded 201 such divorces since the Supreme Court struck down the law last year.

Prasad在新闻发布会上表示：“三重塔拉克的问题一直都没有减弱。”他补充说，自去年最高法院驳回该法律以来，政府已经记录了201起此类离婚案。

“In a secular country like India,” Prasad said, “gender justice was given the complete go-by.”

“在像印度这样的世俗主义国家，”Prasad说，“性别公正被彻底忽视了。”

The new decree will allow Muslim women and their family members to come forward with complaints to police, who will "take cognizance of that offense," Prasad said. Custody of minor children will remain with mothers and a magistrate can only grant bail to the husband after hearing from the wife.

他表示，新的法令将允许穆斯林妇女及其家人向警方提出申诉，警察将“认识到这是种罪行”。未成年子女的监护权将留在母亲手中，地方法官只能在听取妻子的意见后给予丈夫保释。

The Muslim Women Protection of Rights on Marriage Bill was introduced by Narendra Modi's government last year, and have been facing a lot of different opinions.

《穆斯林妇女保护婚姻权利法案》由纳伦德拉·莫迪政府在去年颁布，且一直面临很多不同的意见。

India’s Muslim Law Board had told the court that while they considered the practice wrong, they opposed any court intervention and asked that the matter be left to the community. But several progressive Muslim activists decried the law board’s position.

印度穆斯林法律委员会告诉法庭，虽然他们认为这种做法是错误的，但他们反对任何法庭干预，并要求将此事留给社区处理。 但是，一些进步的穆斯林活动家谴责了法律委员会的立场。

Zakia Soman, founder of a Mumbai-based women's rights group called Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan, told Al Jazeera, "We welcome this. The Muslim woman is happy today because she wants legal protection. Despite the Supreme Court order, instant triple talaq has been taking place, so we needed this to be criminalized."

总部位于孟买的妇女权利组织Mahila Andolan的创始人Zakia Soman告诉半岛电视台，“我们欢迎这一法律。穆斯林妇女很高兴，因为她们想要法律保护。尽管有最高法院的命令，立即离婚的“三重塔拉克”依旧在发生，所以我们需要将其定为刑事犯罪。”

Flavia Agnes, a women's rights lawyer in Mumbai, told NPR, "It's not going to make any difference to Muslim women." 

孟买妇女权利律师Flavia Agnes告诉NPR：“这对穆斯林妇女不会带来任何改变。”

She said that because the measure targets the Muslim community, it plays into the country's Islamophobic rhetoric — "they use it as political propaganda that 'We have saved our Muslim sisters.' " The order also puts women "in greater danger," she says, because their husbands will be jailed, leaving them without compensation.

她说因为该措施针对的是穆斯林社区，所以这引起了该国的恐伊斯兰言论。“他们用它作为政治宣传，'我们拯救了我们的穆斯林姐妹。'” “这项命令也使女性处于更大的危险之中，”她说，因为她们的丈夫将被判入狱，而她们却没有得到赔偿。

"We had suggested the provision of attaching the property of a husband but the Modi government is not interested in giving justice to Muslim women," Congress leader Randeep Surjewala said, according to The Hindu.

据印度教徒报报道，国会领袖Randeep Surjewala说：“我们曾建议规定附加丈夫的财产，但莫迪政府不愿为穆斯林妇女伸张正义。”

Sandeep Shastri, a political analyst at Jain University, told Reuters that the ordinance was a strategic move by the ruling party in preparation for general elections next year. 

耆那大学的政治分析家Sandeep Shastri告诉路透社，这项法令是执政党为准备明年的大选采取的一个策略。

"This 'triple talaq' ordinance basically is to try and win over a segment in the Muslim community, to win the women's vote among the minorities."

“这项‘三重塔拉克’条例主要是为了争取穆斯林社区的一部分人和少数民族妇女的选票。”