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日，纽约华人企业家杨安泽(Andrew Yang)正式宣布参选2020美国总统候选人。去年11月，杨安泽向联邦选举委员会（FEC）提交了书面申请。截止2月14日，他已募到大约13万美元的竞选资金，其中大多来自其他华人企业家的捐赠。华人在美普遍具有不喜发声的印象，对于首位华人有意入主白宫的消息尤其是他要给每个美国人每月1000美元的基本收入政策，对此你怎么看？请关注Quriosity.
Entrepreneur Andrew Yang has a big goal for a relatively unknown business person: to reach the White House. And he's aiming to get there by selling America on the idea that all citizens, ages 18-64, should get a check for $1,000 every month, no strings attached, from the U.S. government.
企业家杨安泽虽然在商业界名气不响，但他有着雄心壮志：竞选美国总统。他的竞选理念是，主张美国政府每月无条件给美国18―64岁所有公民发放1000美元。
Who is he?
他是谁
Andrew Yang (born January 13, 1975), an American entrepreneur, the Founder of Venture for America, and a 2020 Democratic presidential candidate.
杨安泽（1975.1.13-），美国企业家，“美国创业”组织的创始人，2020年美国民主党竞选人。
Prior to running for President, Yang launched Venture for America in July 2011, a New York City-headquartered organization that trains entrepreneurs in a two-year fellowship program. In recognition of his work with Venture for America, Yang was named a Champion of Change in 2012 and a Presidential Ambassador for Global Entrepreneurship in 2015 by the Obama White House. Yang was previously the CEO of the test-prep education company Manhattan GMAT, which industry leader Kaplan bought in 2009.
在竞选总统之前，杨安泽在2011年7月创立了“美国创业”组织，该组织总部在纽约，通过两年的团体项目培训企业家。为了表彰他在“美国创业”所做的工作，2012年奥巴马授予杨安泽“变革先锋”称号，2015年授予他“全球创业精神总统大使”称号。杨安泽原先是备考教育机构“曼哈顿备考”的首席执行官，该机构在2009年被行业先锋卡普兰（Kaplan）买下。
His major policy: a check for $1,000 every month
主要政策：每月1000美元补助
A universal basic income (UBI) payment, which Yang calls "the Freedom Dividend," is one of his major policies.
全民基本收入（UBI），也就是杨安泽所说的”自由红利”，是其主要政策之一。
"It is impossible to overstate the positive impact of $1k a month on households around the country. It would take people from a constant mindset of scarcity to a mindset of assured survival and possibility. It would transform our society in myriad positive ways by taking the boot off of people's throats," wrote Yang on Reddit in March.
“给每个美国人每月发1000美元带来的正面影响是极大的。因为这笔钱能够让美国民众的心态从匮乏不足转变为生存无忧和充满可能。美国人不再为金钱所困，会从多个积极的方面让整个社会有所改观。”杨安泽3月在社交网站Reddit中写道。
Yang tells CNBC Make It: $1,000 a month was recommended by former Service Employees International Union president Andy Stern in his book, "Raising the Floor: How a Universal Basic Income Can Renew Our Economy and Rebuild the American Dream." And $12,000 a year brings an individual close to the U.S. poverty line, which is $12,752 per person per year for those under the age of 65, according to the United States Census Bureau. So $1,000 is low enough to help assuage a common criticism of UBI: that it will discourage people from working.
杨安泽告诉CNBC Make It节目，美国前服务者工会主席Andy Stern在他的书《提高下限：全民基本收入如何能够更新我们的经济并重建美国梦》中就提出过每人每月1000美元的金额。每人每年1万2美元接近美国的贫困线收入水平。根据美国统计局公布的数据，美国65岁以下贫困人口的人均年收入为12752美元。每月1000美元足够低，能够平息对这样的补贴会让人们无心工作的指责。
UBI is not a joke
UBI 不是开玩笑
Yang is not alone in talking about universal basic income.
杨安泽不是唯一一个提倡全民基本收入UBI的人。
"I've worked with hundreds of entrepreneurs and most have an incredible mindset of abundance and possibility. A UBI would be the greatest catalyst for arts, entrepreneurship and creativity that we have ever seen," he said.
杨安泽说：“我和上百名企业家共事过，他们大多数人都有富足和追逐机遇的心态。UBI对于艺术，创业，创新来说将会产生前所未有的促进作用。”
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg made a similar argument in his Harvard commencement speech in May, 2017. "Now it's our time to define a new social contract for our generation. We should explore ideas like universal basic income to give everyone a cushion to try new things," the billionaire said.
2017年5月，Facebook首席执行官Mark Zuckerberg在哈佛毕业典礼上发表了类似的言论。这位亿万富翁说，“现在我们应该为我们这代人建立新的社会契约，并探讨像UBI这样的观点，让每个人都有一个保障，敢去尝试新事物。”
In March, UBI was adopted as part of the 2018 official party platform of the California Democratic Party at the 2018 California Democrats State Convention, which was published February 25. Silicon Valley start-up accelerator Y Combinator has already conducted a one-year "feasibility study" in Oakland, California, to prepare for a larger study of universal basic income. And in October, Stockton, California's 27-year-old mayor, Michael Tubbs, announced a universal basic income project for his city, which declared bankruptcy in 2013.
2月25日，加州民主党发布了2018年的官方政党纲领。3月UBI被纳入其中，在加州民主党全国代表大会上通过。硅谷创业孵化器Y Combinator已经在加州奥克兰进行了为期一年的“可行性研究”，准备对UBI进行更大规模的研究。10月，27岁的加州斯托克顿市市长Michael Tubbs宣布了该市实行UBI政策。该市2013年曾宣布破产。
Tough road for him
他所面临的困难
As a relative unknown with just $250,000 raised and no political experience, Yang is fighting an uphill battle. A candidate must go through a process of state primaries and caucuses collecting delegate votes leading up to the party's national convention just to be the nominee. And each state has its own uniquely complex rules and processes for getting on the primary ballot.
杨安泽相对来说并不知名，且仅有25万美元的竞选资金，此前也没有政治经验，所以竞选对他来说这是在打一场硬仗。候选人必须经过州初选和党团会议的程序，获得选票成为本党派的全国代表大会的党代表，然后才能成为候选人。而每个州都有自己独特的复杂规则和程序来进行初选投票。
But fundamentally, says Yang, he's running for President because he sees a problem that needs to be solved. "I'm an entrepreneur ... so you want to try and solve problems. The problem I saw was that we're going to automate away millions of jobs ... so then the question is: how can you realistically solve for that?" Yang tells CNBC Make It. "There's a very limited range of things you can do if you're genuinely trying to solve that problem, and so that's how I arrived at running for president."
但杨安泽说，他竞选总统主要是因为他看到了一个亟需解决的问题。杨安泽向CNBC Make It节目表示：“我是一个企业家……所以你想尝试解决问题。我所看到的问题是，我们要将数以百万计的工作自动化……那么问题来了:你怎么能实际地解决这个问题?而如果你真的想解决这个问题，你可以做的事情非常有限，而我正是为了解决这个问题开始竞选总统的。”
整理：余敏 姚灿
翻译：苏娟 刘琳
审稿：周雨旸
来源：
https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/11/andrew-yang-wants-to-run-for-president-promising-free-cash-handouts.html