随着性侵事件层出不穷，为了保护女性免受伤害，印度首次推出全国范围性罪犯登记制度。然而，登记44万性罪犯的档案仅对执法机关开放，而非公众。该制度因何产生，又是如何运行，制度的背后又隐藏了什么？本期Quriosity带您一探究竟。
File photo: A protest against rising rape cases in India
The database will be accessible only to law enforcement agencies and not to the public with 440,000 names registered
印度登记44万性罪犯的档案仅对执法机关开放，而非公众。【李昕瑞】
India has launched its first national register of sex offenders in a bid to stem crimes against women as the country reels from a series of high-profile rape cases.
在发生了一系列备受公众瞩目的性侵案件后，印度为了保护女性免受伤害，首次推出全国范围性罪犯登记制度。【李昕瑞】
The database will be accessible only to law enforcement agencies and not to the public, with 440,000 names registered, including those convicted of rape, gang rape, child sex crimes and sexual harassment, according to a home ministry statement.
印度内政部声明，政府登记了44万性罪犯的信息，包括被判决强奸、轮奸、儿童性暴力和性骚扰的人。但档案仅对执法机关开放，而非公众。【李昕瑞】
It will also provide their photos, addresses and fingerprints, without compromising "any individual's privacy".
档案还记录了这些人的照片、住址和指纹信息，但不会暴露危害这些人的“个人隐私”。【李昕瑞】
The database will be maintained by India's centralized National Crime Records Bureau, the government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing national crime data.
档案将由印度国家犯罪记录局（NCRB)集中管理，这是一家负责收集和分析国家犯罪数据的政府机构。【余梓骞】
"The National Database on Sexual Offenders (NDSO) ... will assist in effectively tracking and investigating cases of sexual offences," the ministry said in the statement late Thursday.
“性罪犯国家数据库（NDSO）...将有效帮助追踪调查性侵犯案件，”印度内政部在周四晚发布的声明中称。【范仪亦】
With the launch of the NDSO, India joins a small number of other countries, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, in maintaining a record of convicted sex offenders.
随着全国性罪犯数据库的推行，印度跻身世界为数不多的保存性罪犯纪录的国家，包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、美国。【谢伊雯】
However, unlike in the US, where the database can be accessed by the public, the NDSO will be available only to law enforcement agencies.
美国公众可以获取这个数据库，然而与之相反，印度的这个全国性罪犯数据库只有执法机关才能看。【谢伊雯】
犯罪率上升
Increase in crimes
The register comes as a spate of sexual assault cases have rocked the country, whichIndiawas named the most dangerous in the world for women by experts in a survey published by the Thomson Reuters Foundation in June.
由于性侵犯案层出不穷，印度推出性罪犯登记册。这一制度推出的背景是印度性侵犯案层出不穷。今年六月，由汤森路透基金会发表的一项调查中，印度被列为世界上对女性最危险的国家。【范仪亦】
According to the National Crime Records Bureau, there were 39,000 rapes in India in 2016, a rate of roughly one rape every 13.5 minutes. The total marked a 12% spike over the previous year.
根据国家犯罪记录局的数据，2016年印度共发生了39000起强奸案，粗略估计平均每13.5分钟就会发生一起强奸案。案件总数比去年多出了12%。【范仪亦】
The push to establish the registry follows mass protests in support of tougher measures to reduce the levels of sexual violence.
群众展开抗议，他们要求出台削减性暴力程度的更严厉措施。而紧随其后，公布记录性犯罪者的国家档案的压力也愈发强烈。【谢伊雯】
In April, thousands of people took to the streets across India in reaction to the rape and killing of an 8-year-old girl in the isolated Himalayan district of Kathua. The girl was drugged, gang-raped and strangled before her body was dumped in the forest five days later. Three police officers and a former government official were among the eight men arrested in the attack.
位于卡图亚的地理位置相对封闭的喜马拉雅地区，一个8岁女孩遭到奸杀，这引起了很大反响。四月，数千人横跨印度为此事展开街头游行示威。这个受害者女孩被施以麻醉药，遭到帮派多人奸污，在被勒死五天之后她的尸体被扔弃到森林中。这起案件被逮捕的犯罪者有8人，其中3人是警察，1人是前任政府官员。【谢伊雯】
The move of sex offenders registry comes amid an extremely shocking sexual assault cases, the latest involving a 7-year-old girl who was raped with a water hose in Delhi on Monday.
性罪犯登记这一举措，是在因为一系列极其触目惊心的性侵犯案件发生后开始实行的。最近的一起案件发生在周一，一名七岁女童在德里（Delhi）被人用一根水管侵犯性侵。【范仪亦】
After raping the 7-year-old girl with a water hose in New Delhi, the attacker handed her 10 rupees and a piece of chocolate in exchange for her silence, according to her mother. He then left her -- a towel around her waist and bleeding -- near her home.
女孩被人用一根水管性侵，事后得到了10卢比作为封口费
据女童母亲称，袭击者用一根水管性侵犯了这名7岁女童后，给了她10卢比以及一块巧克力作为封口费。然后，袭击者将女童丢弃在她家附近——她的腰上缠着一条毛巾，血流不止。【范仪亦】
质疑之声
Voice of question
But anti-sexual violence campaigners have voiced concerns about its misuse, in particular the potential for government overreach.
但是反性暴力的活动家们表示担忧，数据库可能被滥用，尤其担心来自政府的过度干涉。【谢伊雯】
Enakshi Ganguly, co-founder of the HAQ Center for Child Rights, a Delhi-based NGO, said that database would not "be helpful for India.”
Enakshi Ganguly是位于德里的非政府机构HAQ儿童权益保护中心的联合创始人，她说该数据库并不会“对印度有帮助。”【余梓骞】
"Everything that is an instrument of change can be used to target the same people and used for corruption. Can you imagine police having access to this level of information?" said Ganguly. She suggested that corrupt police could use the information to target individuals for crimes they may not have committed. "The only saving grace is that it's not going to be a public registry," she added.
“任何旨在改变的工具都可以针对特定人群，成为腐败工具。你能想象警方拥有了这种程度的信息后会发生什么吗？”Ganguly说。她暗示道，某些腐败的警察们可以利用这些信息去指控一个并没有犯此项罪行的人。“唯一的安慰是这个数据库不能被公众随意使用。”她补充道。【余梓骞】
File photo:String of attacks in India sparks outrage
通过现代科技追查性犯罪
Tackling sexual crimes through technology
India on Thursday also launched an online portal to report complaints relating to online sexual abuse, child pornography and sexually explicit content such as rape.
印度也在星期四开通了线上通道，供网民曝光有关网络性虐待、儿童三级片和包括强奸在内的露骨内容。【余梓骞】
The portal will enable people to anonymously make a complaint, which will be handed to police in the complainant's respective state or union territory.
此通道让网民可以做到匿名举报，曝光内容随后会被传给举报人所在州或联邦属地的警方。【余梓骞】
In spite of introducing new measures and legislation, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has come under fire for failing to publicly address the issue of sexual violence.
Rijiju told CNN it was "more than a political issue."
尽管有新举措和法规的制定，印度总理莫迪还是因为没能公开解决性暴力问题而成了众矢之的。【余梓骞】
In an interview with CNN, Kiren Rijiju, the Minister of State in India's Home Affairs Ministry, described sexual violence as "the greatest enemy" facing Indian society and said that every effort must be made to fight it.
在CNN的一次采访中，印度内政部国务部长基伦·里吉朱（Kiren Rijiju）将性暴力形容为印度社会所面临的“最大敌人”，并称会竭尽全力与之斗争。【范仪亦】
"When it is a case of rape ... don't link it to any political party or religious group. Just treat it as a heinous crime and the accused as a criminal," said Rijiu."It's a social issue...it's not one party's issue."
“当遇上强奸的时候...别试图去找什么政治党派或宗教团体。你只需要把它看作是一起可憎的犯罪，并把行凶者当成罪犯就好了。”印度内政部国务部长基伦·里吉朱说, “这是一个社会问题... 不是一个党派的问题。” 【余梓骞】
"Whatever we have been doing is not enough ... It's shameful for our whole society," Rijiju said.
“我们所做的一切都是远远不够的…整个社会应为之感到耻辱。”里吉朱（Rijiju）说。
【范仪亦】
source
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/21/asia/india-sex-offenders-intl/index.html
整理：刘佳老师 李昕瑞
排版：李昕瑞
翻译：李昕瑞 范仪亦 谢伊雯 余梓骞
