The stout man with the gray goatee and the gentle demeanor dared to disagree with his country's government. He told the world the truth about its brutality toward those who would speak out. And he was murdered for it.
这位体态矮胖的男性留着灰色的山羊胡，举止绅士，敢于和本国政府唱反调。他让世人看到现实对敢于直言者的残酷无情，也因此惨遭杀害。
Every detail of Jamal Khashoggi's killing made it a sensation: the time stamp on the surveillance video that captured the Saudi journalist entering his country's Istanbul consulate on Oct. 2; the taxiway images of the private jets bearing his assassins; the bone saw; the reports of his final words, "I can't breathe," recorded on audio as the life was choked from him.
贾迈勒·卡舒吉遇害的每个细节都耸人听闻：监控录像中表明这位沙特记者于10月2日进入当地伊斯坦布尔领事馆的时间戳；暗杀者所乘私人飞机的滑行道图像；骨锯；他在生命将尽时被录在音频中的最后一句话“我无法呼吸了”。
Jamal Khashoggi
Khashoggi was a leading journalist in Saudi Arabia for decades before fleeing to the U.S. in 2017. In columns for the Washington Post, he criticized Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's quest for total power and suppression of free speech. On Oct. 2, Khashoggi was murdered by agents of the kingdom inside its Istanbul consulate, while his fiancée waited for him outside.
数十年间，Khashoggi一直是沙特阿拉伯的主要记者，直到2017年他逃往美国。在华盛顿邮报的专栏中，他批评了王储缪罕默德·本·萨勒曼的专制和对言论自由的镇压。10月2日，他在伊斯坦布尔领事馆被王国特工谋杀，当时，他的未婚妻正在外面等他。
His death laid bare the true nature of a smiling prince, the utter absence of morality in the Saudi-U.S. alliance and—in the cascade of news feeds and alerts, posts and shares and links—the centrality of the question Khashoggi was killed over: Whom do you trust to tell the story?
他的死彻底暴露了一个笑里藏刀的王子的真实本性，也显示出沙特和美国联盟的道德沦丧。然而在铺天盖地的新闻推送、通知、帖子、分享和链接中，卡舒吉遇害问题的核心在于：你相信谁口中的故事版本？
Khashoggi put his faith in bearing witness. He put it in the field reporting he had done since youth, in the newspaper editorship he was forced out of and in the columns he wrote from lonely exile. "Must we choose," he asked in the Washington Post in May, "between movie theaters and our rights as citizens to speak out, whether in support of or critical of our government's actions?"
卡舒吉相信举证。这种信仰体现在他青年时代开始就一直从事的战地报道上；体现在他被迫离开报社前的编辑工作上；以及他在孤独的流亡生活中撰写的专栏文章上。今年5月，卡舒吉在《华盛顿邮报》上问道：“我们必须在电影院和公民支持或批评政府施政方面的发声权利之间做出选择吗？”
What irked the kingdom and marked the journalist for death was Khashoggi's insistence on coming to that conclusion on his own, tempering it with troubling facts and trusting the public to think for itself.
卡舒吉坚持要独立探索出这个结论，不断提供引人思考的事实，相信公众有独立思考能力，这激怒了沙特王室，也导致了这位记者的死亡。
Person of the year:
the guardians and war on truth
In the Philippines, a 55-year-old woman named Maria Ressa steers Rappler, an online news site she helped found. Rappler has chronicled the violent drug war and extrajudicial killings of President Rodrigo Duterte that have left some 12,000 people dead, according to a January estimate from Human Rights Watch. The Duterte government refuses to accredit a Rappler journalist to cover it, and in November charged the site with tax fraud, allegations that could send Ressa to prison for up to 10 years.
在菲律宾，55岁的Maria Ressa运营管理着Rappler，这是她参与创建的一个新闻网站。Rappler记录了残酷的毒品战争，以及杜特尔特总统领导下血腥的禁毒运动。据人权观察一月份所做的估计，约有12000人死于这一过程。杜特尔特政府拒绝授权Rappler的记者做相关报道，并在十一月指控该网站税务欺诈，这足以让Ressa在监狱中待上十年。
Jamal Khashoggi
Ressa co-founded the news site Rappler. It has relentlessly covered the brutal drug war of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, including extrajudicial killings that have alarmed human-rights advocates. Duterte has called Rappler "fake news" and banned its reporters from presidential events. The government recently charged Ressa with tax fraud—a move widely viewed as an attempted crackdown on Rappler's reporting. She faces a possible 10-year sentence.
Ressa是新闻网站Rappler的创始人之一。该网站不遗余力地报道了菲律宾总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特发动的残酷的毒品战争，包括使人权倡导者们感到警铃大作的法外杀戮。杜特尔则称Rappler是假新闻网站并禁止他们的记者参加重大国事活动。近日，菲律宾政府指控Ressa逃税，这一行为一般被视为有预谋的对Pappler的打击活动。Ressa可能会面对10年的监禁。
In Annapolis, Md., staff of the Capital, a newspaper published by Capital Gazette Communications, press on without the five colleagues gunned down in their newsroom on June 28. Still intact, indeed strengthened after the mass shooting, are the bonds of trust and community that for national news outlets have been eroded on strikingly partisan lines, never more than this year.
在马里兰州的安纳波利斯，Capital Gazette Communications旗下报纸《首府公报》的员工继续工作，而他们的五名同事于6月28日在新闻编辑室遭枪击身亡。枪击惨案后，美国新闻媒体之间因激烈的党派之争而被削弱的信任纽带和团结力量，今年不仅没有遭到创伤，反而前所未有地加强了。
Staff of the Capital
Five staffs of the Capital Gazette were killed. The man charged with their murders had been obsessed with the paper since it wrote about his harassment of a high school classmate—part of its routine coverage of local legal proceedings.
《首府公报》的五名工作人员遇害。被控谋杀他们的凶手一直对该报纸耿耿于怀，起因是它曾在对当地法律诉讼的例行报道中，写过他对一名高中同学有骚扰行为。
And in prison in Myanmar, two young Reuters reporters remain separated from their wives and children, serving a sentence for defying the ethnic divisions that rend that country. For documenting the deaths of 10 minority Rohingya Muslims, Kyaw Soe Oo and Wa Lone got seven years. The killers they exposed were sentenced to 10.
两名年轻的路透社记者公开反对使缅甸分崩离析的种族分裂，被判在该国监狱服刑，被迫与妻儿分离。Kyaw Soe Oo和Wa Lone因记录下10名罗兴亚少数民族穆斯林的死亡而获刑七年，他们曝光的凶手则获刑十年。
Kyaw Soe Oo & Wa Lone
Chit Su Win and Pan Ei Mon, photographed here with their children, are the wives of two Reuters journalists who have been jailed in Myanmar since December 2017. The arrest of the two men, Kyaw Soe Oo and Wa Lone, was widely viewed as retribution for their work exposing the regime's atrocities against the Rohingya minority.
照片里的人是Chit Su Win和Pan Ei Mon和她们的孩子。两人的丈夫，Kyaw Soe Oo和Wa Lone均是路透社的记者，自2017年12月以来被监禁于缅甸。一般认为，这是对他们的工作的打击报复，因为他们揭露了缅甸政府对罗兴亚少数民族的暴行。
This year brought no shortage of other examples. Worldwide, a record number of journalists—262 in total—were imprisoned in 2017, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists, which expects the total to be high again this year.
今年此类事件依然层出不穷。据记者保护协会的记录显示，2017年全球总共有262名记者被监禁，且预计今年这一数字可能会持续居高。
In a statement, a spokesperson for YouTube said it has worked to change its algorithms over the last year to promote credible news sources and provide more fact-checking resources.
YouTube的发言人在一次声明中说，在过去的一年里，它一直在改变算法，来优先显示可信的新闻信息源，并提供可供核实的内容。
Small wonder that the heaviest users of social media—young people—are the most skeptical of what's presented to them as news. In groups convened by the Knight Foundation, teens and college-age Americans said they consider every source biased, except perhaps raw video from cell phones or surveillance cameras. But their appetite for authentic information remains acute.
难怪社交媒体最忠实的用户——年轻人——对作为新闻呈现给他们的内容最持怀疑态度。在骑士基金会召开的讨论中，美国的青少年和大学生说，除了手机和监控头拍摄的原始视频，他们认为每个消息源都带有偏见。但他们依旧十分渴望看到真实可靠的信息。
Which says something about the state of the news business in 2018. The Internet was supposed to make reporting more transparent. But it wasn't that simple. The Internet also siphoned away ad revenue—roughly 60% of every digital advertising dollar in the U.S. now goes to Google or Facebook. In recent years, news outlets relied heavily on the platforms to steer audience their way, and in order to find favor on Facebook's algorithms or a Google search, stories were tweaked for grabby headlines or to elevate the emotional angle.
这正说明了2018新闻业的状况。互联网本应让报道更明晰，但事实并没有那么简单。互联网也抽走了广告收入——美国约60%的数字广告收入都流向了谷歌和脸书。近几年来，新闻媒体严重依赖这两个平台来引导观众。为了被脸书的算法或谷歌搜索青睐，媒体会为了起个夺人眼球的标题，或者渲染受众情绪而修改报道。
The net effect: fewer and fewer people are actually out reporting—the number of journalists has dropped from 114,000 to 88,000 from 2009 to 2017—while more and more stories recast the same facts in a slightly different way, to provoke reposting on social media.
实际结果是：实地采访的人越来越少了——从2009年到2017年，记者的数量从11.4万下降到8.8万——而越来越多的报道将同样的事实稍稍改写，来增加社交媒体的转发量。
In the U.S., local newsrooms are disappearing fastest. Since 2004, the U.S. lost nearly 1,800 newspapers, the UNC Center for Innovation and Sustainability in Local Media found in an October report. And"between 1,300 and 1,400 communities that had newspapers of their own in 2004 now have no local news coverage at all."
在美国，地方媒体的消失速度最快。北卡罗来纳州立大学的地方媒体创新与可持续发展中心在10月一份报告中发现，2004年以来，美国失去了近1800家报纸，同时“2004年有自己的报纸的1300至1400个社区现在完全没有地方新闻报道了”。
时代周刊今年四个版本的封面
In 2018, journalists took note of what people said, and of what people did. When those two things differed, they took note of that too. The year brought no great change in what they do or how they do it.
What changed was how much it matters.
2018年，记者做的事情和他们做事的方法并没有大的变化，记录人们的言行，也包括言行不一。
但改变的，是这些记录的影响。
来源：Time
编译：张殷雯、范仪亦、张文钰、陈宁
排版：张殷雯
