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估计，同性伴侣最早在2018年1月9日就可以在澳洲合法注册结婚。不过短短30年, 是什么改变了澳大利亚对LGBT同性恋婚姻的态度？世界又是怎么看待LGBT结婚问题？请看本期Quriosity。
Marriage means so many different things across the world’s cultures – in some, it is about the marriage of whole families through the betrothal and the subsequent continuance of the family through progeny, some about romance and companionship, for others a spiritual experience that transcends life and death and therefore tied into religious belief.
在不同的文化中婚姻代表的含义不同——一些文化中，它关乎整个家族婚姻和子孙后代的繁衍，一些是关于浪漫与陪伴，还有一些则是关于超越生死，与宗教信仰紧密相连的精神体验。
In light of these considerations, it is less than useless to apply a comparative “progress narrative” to any country in regard to marriage equality. Almost 60% of African respondents, and 50% of Asian ones reject the proposal outright – they do not think that it should be legal.
出于对诸多因素的考虑，在婚姻平等方面对任何国家采用比较性的“进步说辞”都是无济于事。近60%的非洲受访者和50%的亚洲受访者直接反对了这一提议——他们认为同性恋婚姻5是不合法的。
同性婚姻应该合法化吗？
从“独裁”到LGBT天堂：台湾婚姻平等之路
Taiwan’s Constitutional Court on May 24thruled in favor of allowing same-sex marriage, paving the way for the island to become the first place in Asia to legalize same-sex unions and cementing its status as a beacon for LGBT rights.The court in Taipei found that the island’s Civil Code, which states that only a man and a woman can marry, violated constitutional guarantees. It gave the legislature two years to amend the Civil Code.
5月24日，台湾“司法院”裁定，允许同性结婚。这使台湾成为亚洲首个同性婚姻合法化的地区，同时巩固了其LGBT地位。台北法院认为“民法”中只有一男一女才可结婚的规定违反了“宪法”，并给予立法院两年的时间来修改它。
LGBT rights are relatively strong in Taiwan in large part because the island has a vibrant civil society. Education is another reason for Taiwan’s progressive atmosphere. In 2004 it passed the Gender Equity Education Act, requiring schools to teach gender equality and diversity.
LGBT在台湾拥有较大的权利很大程度上是因为其拥有一个充满活力的公民社会。教育是促进台湾进步的另一因素。2004年，台湾通过了《性别平等教育法案》，要求学校教授促进性别平等和多样化的教育。
Some attribute Taiwan’s progressive attitudes to its racial diversity, its relatively small Christian population, and a tradition of religious tolerance.Buddhism, which does not have teachings about homosexuality, also remains an important religion in Taiwan, and in 2012 a same-sex couple tied the knot in a Buddhist ceremony.
一些人将台湾的前卫开放归因于它种族的多样性、相对较小的基督教群体和对宗教宽容的传统。作为台湾的一个重要宗教，佛教本身没有关于同性恋的教义。2012年，一对同性伴侣在佛教仪式上喜结连理。
中国社会对同性权益的态度
In 1997, the Chinese government abolished the law on hooliganism, which criminalized homosexuality. In 2001, the Chinese Society of Psychiatry declassified homosexuality as a mental disorder. After 2001, then, homosexuality was no longer defined as a crime or an illness in the official context.
1997年，中国政府废除了流氓法，不再将同性恋定为犯罪。2001年，中国精神病学会不再将同性恋列为一种心理疾病。2001年后，同性恋不再被官方定义为犯罪或疾病。
And since then, China’s LGBT community has been able to find a comfortable (comparatively speaking), semi-overt living space: Gay parks and gay bars are booming in Chinese big cities; the topic of homosexuals is no longer a taboo for Chinese media. More and more reports centering around the Chinese homosexuals’ predicament and condemning those homosexuals who marry straight a wife or husband to cover their sexual orientations have been published.
自此以后，中国的LGBT群体已经找到了一个舒适（相对而言）、半公开的生活空间：同性恋公园和同性恋酒吧在中国大城市中蓬勃发展；同性恋者的话题已不再是中国媒体的禁忌话题。越来越多的报道围绕着中国同性恋者的困境展开，并谴责那些为了掩盖自己的性取向而与直人妻子或丈夫结婚的同性恋者。
Compared to their counterparts in the West, China’s homosexuals don’t need to face pressure from extreme religious groups. Many articles argue that the biggest source of pressure on China’s LGBT community comes from their families. Yet a recent case demonstrates that the traditional family value — that Chinese sons are responsible for carrying on the family name — is changing, too.
与西方的同性恋者相比，中国的同性恋者不需要面对来自极端宗教团体的压力。许多文章认为，中国的LGBT群体所承受的最大压力来自他们的家庭。然而，最近的一个案例表明，传统的家庭价值观——儿子继承家族的姓氏——也在发生变化。
Many Chinese parents of LGBT children gathered in a Shanghai park famous for its “marriage market.” Just like the parents of unmarried straight children, these parents of LGBT children also aimed to find suitable partners for their children in the park.
许多中国LGBT孩子的父母聚集在上海一个以“婚姻市场”闻名的公园里。和未婚异性恋子女的父母一样，这些LGBT孩子的父母也打算在公园里为他们的孩子寻找合适的伴侣。
A mother said: “If parents of straight people can be here, parents of gay people can also be here… I’m here to find a boyfriend for my son.” Nevertheless, these parents of gay children ended up being dispersed by security personnel.
一位母亲说：“如果直人父母在这里，同性恋者的父母也可以在这里……我在这里为我的儿子找个男朋友。”然而，这些同性恋孩子的父母最终还是被保安人员驱散了。
On June 30, 2017, the official China Netcasting Services Association (CNSA) released a new regulation related to online broadcasting.This is the latest step in a government-led effort to tighten political and administrative control over mass communication and social media through the implementation of new laws, rules, and regulations.
2017年6月30日，中国网络视听节目服务协会发布了一项与网络广播相关的新规定。这是政府通过实施新的法律、规则和条例加强对大众传播和社会媒体的政治和行政控制的最新举措。
However, China’s LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community is particularly critical of this new regulation, not least of all because it lumps homosexuality in with sexual abuse and sexual violence as constituting an “abnormal sexual relationship.”
然而，中国的LGBT社群（同性恋，双性恋和跨性别者）对这一新规尤为不满，他们指出新规将同性恋与性虐待和性暴力混为一谈，涵盖于“不正当的性关系”内。
The new regulation also bans stories on, images of, and references to homosexuality in online broadcasting. Unsurprisingly, the regulation quickly sparked outrage on Chinese social media. The topic “Online Content Review Discriminating Against Gays” was viewed by millions.
另外，新规同样禁止在网络剧中呈现同性恋的故事、图像或者引用同性恋情节。毫不奇怪，这一规定很快激起了整个中国社交媒体的愤慨，数百万人关注了“在线内容审查歧视同性恋”的话题。
Li Yinhe, China’s leading sexologist and a former research fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, posted a 2000-word article to her Weibo account, arguing that the new regulation violates the constitutional rights of sexual minorities to express their sexual preferences.
中国社会科学院前研究员李银河在她的微博上发表了一篇2000字的文章，她认为这一新规侵犯了少数人宪法所赋予他们表达自己性取向的权利。
Her post garnered thousands of reposts and likes before it was removed from the platform and Li was subsequently banned from social media for three months.
她的帖子在被平台移除之前获得了数千个转贴和点赞，而后李被禁止使用社交媒体长达三个月。
Only time will tell whether this development has the paradoxical effect of sparking a friendlier environment for LGBT people in China. To a great extent, this issue represents an important test of China’s legal system.
只有时间能够说明这种发展是否具有营造对LGBT群体更友好的社会环境的效应。这个问题在很大程度上指向对中国法制的重大考验。
责编|李卓芯
审稿|李素月
翻译|谢湘宇 郭正宜 周雨旸 韦向洁 刘孟昊
文章来源：
https://qz.com/875131/taiwans-unlikely-road-to-marriage-equality/
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-41964671
https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/a-closer-look-at-gay-rights-in-china/
https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/06/economist-explains-2
http://religiondispatches.org/australians-vote-overwhelmingly-for-marriage-equality-and-more-in-global-lgbt-recap/
https://rampages.us/alexamatos/2015/04/29/unit-2-essay-changing-attitudes-towards-homosexuals/
http://ilga.org/personal-political-attitudes-lgbti-survey/
https://www.citylab.com/equity/2014/02/global-map-homophobia/8309/