“我是留学生，却因打工被指控有罪”

[001打工=犯罪？！]

Canada is competing against countries like the UK and US for the minds - and wallets - of international students. But what happens once they get there?

加拿大正在和英美这样的国家争夺人才——以及留学生支付的学费。但学生们到了那里会碰到什么情况呢？

Jobandeep Sandhu is a hard worker. The 22-year-old worked pretty much full time as a truck driver while studying to be a technical engineer, so he could help put himself and his brother through college in Ontario.

Jobandeep Sandhu是一个非常勤勉的人。这个22岁的留学生梦想做一名技术工程师，他在学习专业课程的同时相当于全职开货车来打工，以此补贴他和弟弟在安大略省的大学生活费用。

"My thinking was that working isn't a crime," he said.

“我的理解是，工作不是犯罪。”

But now the Indian citizen is facing deportation after he was arrested for working too many hours as an international student. Sandhu's student visa stipulated that he can only work off-campus up to 20 hours a week during the school year. Yet some weeks he was working as much as 40. Sandhu said he did this because his parents could not afford the high cost of international tuition for both himself and his brother, plus the living expenses.

但现在，这位印度公民因违反了留学生打工规定，工作严重超时被逮捕，面临遣返。Sandhu的留学生签证规定，他在上学期间每周最多能到校外打工20小时。但他有几周甚至打了40小时的工。Sandhu称自己超时工作的原因是父母不能支付他和弟弟高昂的留学生学费，更别提生活费了。

When an officer pulled him over during a routine traffic stop and asked to see his trucking log books, Sandhu readily turned them over. "I was working legally, I was paying taxes," he said. "I thought that I don't need to lie." Since then, he has had to hire a lawyer to fight his deportation, which is scheduled for 21 May. Sandhu is not alone in struggling to pay the bills.

一次例行的交通临检中，警察让他靠边停车，要求查看货运登记表时，Sandhu不假思索地把表递交给了他们。他说：“我合法工作，正常缴税。”“我认为我不需要说谎。”自那以后，他不得不雇一位律师来为他的遣返辩护，而开庭日期定在5月21日。许多穷学生都身在支付各类账单的苦海中，而Sandhu只是他们其中的一个。

[002 学校应该怎么做？]

There are currently more than 500,000 international students in Canada, and international tuition rates have risen 32% across the country, compared to 14% for domestic students. Since his arrest, several advocates have spoken about the need to be more accommodating of international students who need to work. "They absolutely need to be able to seek employment," says Adam Brown, chair of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations and a student at the University of Alberta.

加拿大现在有50多万留学生，全国各地留学生的学费已经上涨了32%，但本国学生的学费增长比率只有14%。他遭到逮捕以后，数位倡议者都提到了这一点：政府需要更体谅有工作需要的留学生们。加拿大学生联盟的主席，就读于阿尔伯特大学的Adam Brown这样说到：“他们理所当然需要有工作赚钱的权利。”

The calls for change come at a time when Canada is trying to aggressively compete with other countries around the world to attract international students. For years local and federal governments have been pulling out all the stops to draw in students from around the world. Canada has relaxed rules around off-campus work and made it easier for international students to get a work visa after graduation or apply for permanent residency. The latest federal budget has earmarked $148m (£86m) over the next five years, in part "to promote Canadian education institutions as high-calibre places to study".

要求改变的呼声在加拿大尝试与世界上其他国家在吸引留学生上竞争的时候出现。故几年来，当地政府和联邦政府正不断推出吸引全世界学生的政策。加拿大已经放宽了校外兼职的限制，使留学生更容易在毕业后拿到工作签证、或是申请暂时居住。最新出台的联邦预算已经指出将在接下来的五年以1.48亿（约0.86亿欧元）作为改善加拿大教育制度使之适应高水平教学的一部分。

It is all about the bottom line, according to Dani Zaretsky, an international student recruiter. "Globally - it's not just Canada - there's no mistaking it's all about money," says Zaretsky, who co-founded recruitment company Higher Edge and has worked with several Canadian universities and colleges to help boost international student enrolment. "If there are other benefits [like diversity], they're welcome, but it's not the point." On average, international students in Canada can expect to pay four times more tuition than domestic students.

据留学生招生官Dani Zaretsky说，这全部与各国大学维持运行的最低资本限度有关。

“毫无疑问，不仅是加拿大，全球都在考虑钱的问题。” 招聘公司Higher Edge的合伙人之一Zaretsky说道，她此前已经与加拿大许多大学和学院共事来帮助他们提高生源数量，“如果加拿大有其他优势比如多元包容性，学生们会喜欢的，但这不是重点。” 平均算下来，在加拿大的留学生可能要缴付超过本国学生4倍的学费。

Similar formulas apply in other countries. At the University of California in San Diego, where about 20% of students come from outside the US and pay $40,327 a year in tuition, which is about three times the American rate. A similar number of students at the UK's University of Manchester also come from abroad, and pay £18,500 a year in tuition, twice the rate of domestic students. At a time when many governments are cutting back on their education spending, international students are a crucial form of revenue for many institutions.

其他国家也采取了类似的做法。在圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的约20%的来自其他国家的留学生，一年的学费是40327美元，几乎是美国学生的三倍。英国曼彻斯特大学有相近数量的留学生，他们每年需要交18500欧元的学费，是本国学生的两倍。在许多政府都在削减教育支出的时候，留学生成为许多制度下国家税收的一种重要来源形式。

[003 有关加拿大]

Canada is ranked sixth in the world as a destination for international students, according to research conducted by research group Project Atlas. That puts it behind the US, UK, China, Australia and France - and down two spots from the year before. Why Canada? What makes an international student willing to shell out so much cash?

据一项由来自Project Atlas的研究小组的调查表明，加拿大是第六大留学生国家。它排在美国、英国、中国、澳大利亚和法国之后，并且排名比前一年下降了两位。为什么选择加拿大？到底是什么让国外学生愿意斥巨资求学？

For Bangladeshi student Kazi Mridul, it was the promise of a high-quality technical education, coupled with Canada's reputation as a welcoming, multicultural country. "There's more funding for research, especially in the STEM field [science, technology, engineering and maths]," said Mridul, who is studying engineering at Toronto's York University. Canada also makes it easy for international students to apply for a post-graduate work permit, a policy the UK has discussed adopting, to increase its appeal abroad. But Mridul says the visa process could still be easier. "School accepted me in March, but until August I didn't know if I was coming or not," he says.

对于孟加拉国学生Kazi Mridul来说，答案是高质量的技术教育的承诺，以及加拿大作为一个友好的、多元文化国家的声誉。就读于多伦多约克大学工程系的Mridul说：“这里的研究经费更充裕，尤其是在科技、工程和数学领域。”国际学生在加拿大也更容易申请研究生工作许可证。在英国，人们已将这项政策提上讨论的日程，以增加其对外吸引力。 但Mridul表示，签证手续其实可以更简便。他说：“学校三月就录取我了，但直到八月我都不知道自己能不能来。”

[004 为什么选择留学？]

Do students get what they pay for?

学生们的付出得到回报了吗？

The Ministry of Global Affairs estimated that in 2014 alone, international students spent $11.4 billion in the Canadian economy. Since then, the number of international students has grown from 330,170 to 572,415 - an almost 75% increase. Meanwhile, average international tuition fees have been raised from $20,593 to $27,159, or by about 32%. Yet it is not clear that international students are getting any more for their dollar than they were before.

加拿大全球事务部估计，仅2014年国际学生就为加拿大经济贡献了114亿美元。2014年后，国际学生人数从330170人增长到572415人，几乎增加了75%。与此同时，国际学生的平均学费从20593美元提高到了27159美元，增幅约为32%。然而，目前还不清楚国际学生多付的钱是否得到了回报。

Zaretsky says services have not kept up. If Canada is really committed to attracting more international students, it should be clear about what it's offering them, he says, and that includes an opportunity to work once they arrive. He also thinks schools need to be careful about how much they raise tuition, year-to-year.

Zaretsky说，服务并没有相应提高。他说，如果加拿大真想要吸引更多的国际学生，那么加拿大应该清楚为他们要为学生提供什么，这包括他们抵达后能有工作机会。他也认为学校对每年提高的学费数额应该更谨慎。

"Sometimes they'll raise it 10-12% in a fell swoop, and for families that have budgeted carefully that's a rude shock," he says. Ultimately, Mridul does think his Canadian education was worth it. "It's not just the education, it's the whole experience," he says.

他说：“有时候学费一下子上涨10%到12%，对于那些预算并不充裕的家庭来说，这是一个突如其来的打击。”最后，Mridul认为他在加拿大获得的教育是值得的。

“不只是教育方面，而是全方位的经历体验。”

"It's all the other people that are here. In Bangladesh we have a very homogenous society... here it's the exposure to everything."

“这种体验关乎这里的其他人们。在孟加拉国，社会是非常同质化的……但在加拿大你能接触到各种不同的事物。”