这个标志skrrrrrr！

On Good Friday 1958, thousands gathered in London's Trafalgar Square to protest nuclear weapons. They were responding to a string of test blasts conducted by the United Kingdom, the third nation to join the nuclear club after the US and USSR.

在1958年的耶稣受难日，伦敦的特拉法加广场聚集了成千上万的人，示威抗议核武器。英国是继美国和苏联之后第三个加入核联盟的国家，该国进行的一系列爆炸试验引发了此次抗议。

For the next four days, the bravest among them marched to Aldermaston, a small village 50 miles west of London where British nuclear weapons were designed and stockpiled.

在耶稣受难日后的四天中，抗议者中最勇敢的那一批人开始向Aldermaston村庄进发，Aldermaston是伦敦以西50英里的一个小村庄，英国的核武器就是在这里研发和存放的。

On the protesters' signs and banners, a new symbol was making its first appearance. Gerald Holtom, a designer and a pacifist, had developed it specifically for the march just a few weeks prior. He believed that a symbol would make the message stronger.

在抗议者的标语和横幅上，一个新的标志首次出现。这个标志由信仰和平主义的设计师Gerald Holtom在几周前专门为这次游行设计的。他相信，信息通过符号传递会更有力。

He was right: The symbol was adopted soon after by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and went on to become one of the most widely recognized designs in history.

他的想法是正确的，这个标志很快被用在核裁军运动(CND)中，成为历史上最受广泛认可的设计之一。

The design is meant to represent the letters "N" and "D" -- standing for "nuclear disarmament" -- as they appear in the semaphore alphabet, which is used by sailors to communicate from a distance with flags.

因为信号量字母表中有N和D，而这个象征标志结合了这个两个字母，说明这个标志代表“核裁军”。有了信号量字母表，水手们可以用旗语远距离交流。

But there's another meaning, according to its creator. In a letter to Hugh Brock, editor of the British magazine Peace News, Holtom wrote: "I drew myself: the representative of an individual in despair, with hands palm outstretched outwards and downwards in the manner of Goya's peasant before the firing squad. I formalized the drawing into a line and put a circle round it."

但这个标志的设计者说这个标志还有另一层含义。Hugh Brock是英国杂志《和平新闻》的编辑，Holtom在寄给他的信中写道:“这是我的自画像，代表着一个绝望的人。就像Goya笔下的农民在行刑队面前那样，我手掌向外向下伸展。我把这幅画正式化成一条线，并在周围画了一个圆圈。”

The symbol has been the subject of various different interpretations since its inception. "All good graphic devices should be lucid and capable of applications in different media," said Bayley. "But this one has the advantage of a nice semantic ambiguity: It can be read in different ways. A missile at lift-off? A person waving in despair? A Druidical reference? But it bypasses interpretation: It's a thing unto itself."

自诞生以来，人们对这个标志有过各种不同解读。Bayley说:“所有优秀的图形设计都应该是明了易懂的，能适用不同的媒体。” 但这个词的优势恰恰在它的歧义上，它可以从不同角度解读。发射导弹?绝望挥着手的人?督伊德教的引用?但这些解释忽视了一种可能性:它是独立存在的。”

Ken Kolsbun, a peace symbol historian, believes the design's simplicity played a role in its continued success. "You can have a 5-year-old draw it," he said in a phone interview. "It's such a powerful symbol with a sort of hypnotic appeal."

Ken Kolsbun是研究和平标志的历史学家，他认为，这个标志简洁的设计对它长久以来的巨大影响至关重要。他在电话采访中说：“这个标志设计得十分简单，五岁小孩都能画出来，它有种洗脑似的魔力。”

Kolsbun has spent decades photographing the symbol, starting in the 1960s in California. "It came at the right time," he said. "It also kept adapting, like a chameleon, taking on many different meanings for peace and justice.

从20世纪60年代开始，Kolsbun在加利福尼亚花了几十年时间拍摄这个符号。他说：“它出现得正是时候。而且像变色龙一样不断适应着时代，为和平与正义赋予了许多不同的含义。”

In the US, the symbol was first used by the civil rights movements. It was probably imported by Bayard Rustin, a close collaborator of Martin Luther King Jr., who had participated in the London march in 1958. Crossing the Atlantic, the symbol lost its association with nuclear disarmament and came to signify, more generally, peace: "In the 1960s in the US, it was mainly anti-war," said Kolsbun. "I didn't even know it meant nuclear disarmament."

在美国，这个符号最初用于民权运动。Bayard Rustin可能是引入这个符号的人，他曾参加过1958年的伦敦游行，经常和Martin Luther King 一起工作。在大西洋彼岸，这个符号不再代表核裁军，而是更普遍地意为和平。Kolsbun说：“我都不知道这个标志有核裁军的意思。在20世纪60年代的美国，它的主要意义是反战。”

As the Vietnam War escalated in the mid-1960s, the peace symbol was adopted by anti-war protesters and the counterculture movement. Intentionally kept free from copyright, it traveled far and wide, appearing in the former Czechoslovakia as a symbol against Soviet invasion, and in South Africa to oppose Apartheid.

上世纪60年代中期，随着越南战争不断升温，人们将和平标志用于反战抗议和反主流文化运动。和平标志的设计者特意没有申请版权，所以它的传播范围更广。在前捷克斯洛伐克，它是反对苏联入侵的象征；在南非，它是反对种族隔离的象征。

As the symbol grew in popularity, it also faced opposition. "Some really hated (it), like the far-right group John Birch Society," said Kolsbun. "They put out a monthly magazine and, in 1969, they did a story denouncing the symbol, saying that it was a sign of the devil. It ended up all over America and the New York Times picked up on it. It got so much publicity that some people still see it as satanic sign after all these years."

随着这个符号越来越受欢迎，反对的声音也没有消停过。Kolsbun说:“有些人就很讨厌这个标志，就像厌恶极右翼组织约翰·伯奇社那样。1969年，他们出版了一本月刊，写了文章谴责这个标志，说它是魔鬼的标志。但这一标志最终还是遍布美国的大街小巷，《纽约时报》也注意到了它。它的宣传范围很广，但一些人至今仍然认为它是撒旦的标志。”

Kolsbun and Holtom corresponded in 1975, when the former was researching for a book that would eventually be published in 2008, marking the 50th anniversary of the symbol.

1975年Kolsbun和Holtom有了联系，当时Kolsbun正在准备出一本书来纪念这个符号诞生50周年，后来这本书在2008年出版了。

According to Kolsbun, Holtom had designed an upside down version of the original, in which the letter "N" was replaced by a "U" to signify "unilateral" disarmament, and he came to regret not using it.

据Kolsbun说，Holtom一开始设计的标志是颠倒过来的，在那个版本里他将字母“N”替换为“U”，表示“单方面”裁军是后来他很后悔没有采用最初的版本。

"He preferred the inverted version," Kolsbun said. "I think at the very beginning he saw it as nuclear disarmament, but as time went on I believe he felt that it should really have been universal or unilateral disarmament. That would take care of all weapons. He wanted the inverted version to appear on his tombstone, but unfortunately that didn't happen."

Kolsbun说：“他更喜欢一开始颠倒的版本。我觉得，他起初把它作为核裁军的象征。但是随着时间推移，他可能感觉到，这个标志更应该象征普遍意义上或单方面的裁军。这样就可以解决所有的武器问题了。他想让他的墓碑上出现倒立的和平标志，但很不幸，他没有遂愿。”

In its 60-year history, the symbol has been used in support of environmental movements and women's and gay rights, as well as featuring on all sorts of merchandise. It has appeared on Moschino T-shirts, Tiffany pendants, US stamps and even Lucky Strike cigarette packs.

和平标志诞生的60年来，它被用于支持环保运动、妇女和同性恋权利，被印在了各种商品上，比如Moschino的T恤、Tiffany的吊坠、美国邮票甚至Lucky Strike的香烟包装上。

Its legacy lives on and is continuously updated. After the 2015 Paris terror attacks, French artist Jean Jullien reimagined the design using the shape of the Eiffel Tower, creating a worldwide symbol of solidarity. But one thing may have been lost along the way, according to Kolsbun: the original meaning.

和平标志的最初含义一直被保留着，同时人们也不断赋予它新的意义。2015年巴黎恐怖袭击后，法国艺术家Jean Jullien借助埃菲尔铁塔的形状重新设计了这个标志，创造出了一个象征全球团结的标志。Kolsbun说，但这样一来和平标志最初的含义可能就丢失了。

"A lot of people still don't know what it really stands for: no nukes. Most simply believe it means 'peace.' But I think it's important to know the true meaning, because the nuclear threat hasn't gone away. It's actually stronger than ever."

“很多人仍然不知道这个标志最原始的含义:拒绝核武器。大多数人只知道它象征“和平”。但我觉得人们了解这个标志的真正含义很重要，因为核威胁并没有消失。实际上，它比以往任何时候都要严重。”