在东窗事发之前，Jessica Krug可谓成功有色人种女性的典范。她任教于仅与白宫四条街之隔的顶级学府乔治华盛顿大学，是历史系副教授。学术上，她在非洲、拉丁美洲、民族大流散以及民族身份等方面有众多著作；教学上，她在学生中也很受欢迎。有学生表示，他很开心能看到一个有色人种女性能如此自信地踩着高跟鞋，带着夸张的大耳环，甚至穿着豹纹，活力满满来上课，完全不被自己少数族裔的身份所束缚。
但2020年9月3日，Jessica Krug选择在社交媒体上发长文自曝，亲手打破维持了数十年的谎言，了结了她的事业。她并不是学术造假，也没有科研腐败；她是身份盗窃，是种族挪用。作为一个彻头彻尾的白人，她一直披着自己是有色人种的谎言横行于世，利用社会对有色人种的照顾性政策实现自己的阶层上升，挤占了本属于有色人种的机会。
Jessica Krug在社交媒体上的自拍
“I have eschewed my lived experience as a white Jewish child in a poor suburb of Kansas City under various assumed identities within a Blackness that I had no right to claim: first North African Blackness, then U.S. rooted Blackness, then Caribbean rooted Bronx Blackness,” Krug wrote.
她在自曝的长文中写道：“我原本是白种犹太人，在堪萨斯城一处破败的郊区长大。但此后我对我的出身避而不谈，多次对外假称自己是有色人种，盗取本不属于我的有色人种身份。先是假装自己有北非黑人血统，随后声称自己有美国印第安土著血统，最后称自己祖籍在加勒比海地区，成长于纽约最贫困的黑人聚居区——布朗克斯区。”
“I am not a culture vulture. I am a culture leech.”
“我不是一个非白人文化的狂热分子。我是一个榨取其它文化的吸血虫。”
无独有偶，谁能想到美国全国有色人种协进会的部门领导的有色人种身份也是假的。Rachel Dolezal因盗用有色人种身份，占用黑人上学进修机会、黑人奖学金以及补助性拨款等问题被推特网友骂上热搜。更加讽刺的是，她最后甚至做上了全国有色人种协进会的管理者之一。
越来越多的白人选择盗用有色人种的身份，攫取原本属于他们的权利与机会。
冒用有色人种身份的Rachel Dolezal
The phenomenon seems counterintuitive. After all, in past generations and continuing today, people of color have had to position themselves closer to whiteness, even passing as white, in order to survive or get ahead. Now white people are deliberately recategorizing themselves into underprivileged groups. While it‘s tempting to pathologize these posers as one-offs who may be suffering from mental illness, experts said that would amount to scapegoating. Though it sounds paradoxical, they said wearing the experiences of racialized people like a costume—an act—in search of opportunities, attention, or cultural currency is in fact the height of white privilege.
这种现象似乎违背了人们的直觉。毕竟一直以来，有色人种为了生存和晋升，会试图接近白人血统，甚至伪装成白人。但现在白人却故意把自己划分到弱势的少数族裔群体中。也许有人认为这些伪装成有色人种的白人是病态心理作祟，但专家认为这是一种找替罪羊的行为。这听起来很矛盾，但这些披着种族外衣寻找机会、博取眼球或者社会资本的白人，正是白种特权优势的顶级表现。
仅仅几十年前，有色人种还在试图让自己接近白人血统。因《黑暗天使》获得奥斯卡提名的好莱坞传奇女演员梅尔·奥勃朗曾对外声称，自己生于澳洲东南部的塔斯马尼亚岛，有着纯正英国血统。但在她死后出版的自传中写道，她实际上是斯里兰卡和毛利混血。在当时影界对有色人种的种种限制中，梅尔·奥勃朗只有假装自己是白人才能取得这样的成就。
梅尔·奥勃朗在《黑暗天使》中剧照
Passing afforded light-skinned Black and mixed-race people “a set of privileges, resources, opportunities… to travel, opportunities to learn, opportunities to select a different marriage partner, that had only been for people who are white,”Whitney Pirtle, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of California said.
加州大学社会学副教授 Whitney Pirtle表示，这种身份伪装让有少量黑人血统的人以及混血们接触到“一系列出行、升学以及择偶的特权、资源以及机遇，而这些原本只有白人才能拥有”。
In passing, Black people were accessing resources that white people already had—and that were reserved for them alone. But when white folks pose as people of color, oftentimes to access opportunities, they are essentially double dipping.
当有色人种伪装成白人时，他们是在试图接触白人已经拥有并且独有的资源；但当白人伪装成有色人种时，他们是对原属于少数族裔机会的双重榨取。
早在19世纪初，这种种族挪用就已经在美国、加拿大、英国等国家出现了，并且愈演愈烈。当下，社交媒体更是放大了这一现象，冒名的全国有色人种协进会管理者Rachel Dolezal就是典型案例。
“Once you transform these collective historical experiences into individual identities, then they become things that individuals can own or sell or market, and you have lots of situations where it shouldn‘t be a surprise that we would have a brand and a counterfeit brand,” Jonathan Rosa, an associate professor of education and comparative studies in race and ethnicity at Stanford University said.
斯坦福大学种族教育学与比较学副教授 Jonathan Rosa说：“一旦你把这种族裔集体性的历史经历转化为个人身份的一部分，它们就成为了可以用来营销贩卖的标签。这样就不难理解为什么会有冒牌货和高仿品了。”
But colorism, the ability to code switch and navigate white spaces, and the absence of dealing with the actual trauma of racism is, in part, what allows some of these impostors to succeed in their pursuits, she said. “They can see a place where they can be at the top of the group.”
她表示， 肤色歧视、在白人为主的社会空间中自如游走并在双重文化语境下转换语义代码的能力以及解决种族主义创伤方案的缺失等，都助长了这些伪装者的行为。“他们能看到社会中有那么一个空缺，可以让他们做人上人。”
As for policing this type of behavior, Rosa cautioned that doing so could reproduce harmful ideas about who is and isn’t authentic.
至于在制度上规范此类种族挪用行为，Rosa警告说这很可能二次引发有关真假有色人种的争辩，百害而无一利。
“The reality is, none of us corresponds to these categories in any straightforward way because the categories are violently created—they come out of histories of violence, so they shouldn’t work so well for any of us,” he said.
他说：“事实上，我们没有一个人能完全符合这些种族划分。这些条条框框源自于充满着种族暴力的历史，将种族简单粗暴地分类，因此它们被套用在任何人身上都不太好使。”
“What is much more important to me is community being able to define what meaningful membership and what their collective vision is.”
“我认为更重要的是，群体应该明辨谁是内部成员，明晰自己的集体观。”
原文链接：
https://www.vice.com/en/article/z3vpn4/white-people-keep-posing-as-people-of-color-for-clout-identity-theft-racial-appropriation-v28n1
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/03/us/jessica-krug-gwu-black-trnd/index.html编译 | 祖芃芃
排版 | 祖芃芃
