你有没有想过，飞机座椅的摄像头后，有人正津津有味地看着你的一举一动！最近一名推特用户居然在飞机座椅后的电子屏上发现了一个摄像头……
Can airplane seat cameras spy
on passengers?
飞机座位后的摄像头会监视乘客吗？
An airplane cabin's not a great place for indulging in "me-time" -- after all, you're crammed into a small space with a lot of strangers -- but you hope you can eat, sleep and relax en route to your destination without fear of being watched.
在飞机客舱内，你无法完全沉醉在属于自己的时间里——毕竟你和这么多陌生人共挤狭小一室——但你希望至少在到达目的地之前，可以吃、可以睡、可以放松休息，不用担心被人监视。
We're not talking about voyeuristic fellow passengers, but an even creepier thought: being scrutinized via cameras installed in your inflight entertainment system (IFE).
这里说的监视不是指有偷窥癖的变态乘客，而是一种让人更毛骨悚然的想法：航空公司通过在飞机娱乐系统(IFE)中安装摄像头，实时监控你的一举一动。
In February, Vitaly Kamluk -- a Twitter user who works in malware research -- was on board a Singapore Airlines flight when his wife noticed an "interesting sensor" below the inflight entertainment screen and pointed it out to him.
Vitaly Kamluk是一位研究恶意软件的推特用户，他和他妻子在两月份搭乘过新加坡航空，当时他妻子发现在飞机娱乐电子屏的下方，安装了一个“有趣的感应器”，指给他看。
"She felt general discomfort of a digital eye looking at her. I believe that's a common reaction of general passengers." Kamluk tells CNN Travel.
Kamluk对CNN Travel的记者说：“被一只电子眼盯着看，她总归感觉不是那么自在。而且我相信一般乘客都会是这个反应吧。”
图片来源：CNN
Kamluk suspected it was a camera and Tweeted images of the discovery, tagging Singapore Airlines in the hope of getting an answer.
Kamluk怀疑那只电子眼实际是一个摄像头，并且在推特上分享了这一发现，在图片上加上了新加坡航空公司的标签，希望官方人员看到以后能给个说法。
"I was quite surprised to actually see something like a camera and as a security expert I could imagine many scenarios of misuse of such sensors which is why I decided to ring the bell," he says.
他还说：“其实看到这种像监控探头的东西我很惊讶，作为一个安全专家，我都能料想到许多滥用误用这种感测器的后果，所以我决定公之于众拉响警钟。”
Kamluk's post quickly gained traction on social media and Singapore Airlines responded, explaining that its newer inflight entertainment systems include an embedded camera, although emphasizing that these cameras are deactivated.
Kamluk的推文立刻在推特上被疯狂转载，新加坡航空对此也做出了回应——他们最新的飞机娱乐系统本身就自带摄像头，尽管他们反复强调这些摄像头都处于未启用状态。
多少国家的航空公司的飞机上有内置摄像头？
到底有何目的？
不妨来看看这些航空公司的解释⬇️
The fact that some aircraft seats have built-in cameras is not new knowledge.
一些飞机座椅有内置摄像头已经不是新闻了。
Singapore Airlines' inflight entertainment system is manufactured by Panasonic Avionics, a US-based company that supplies IFE for many of the major airlines and French company Thales. Panasonic announced a while back that it's added cameras onto seat backs.
新加坡航空公司的飞机娱乐系统是由松下航空电子公司（Panasonic Avionics）制造的。该公司是一家美国公司，它为许多主流航空公司和法国泰雷兹公司（Thales）提供飞行娱乐系统。松下不久前宣布在座椅靠背上增加了摄像头。
图片来源：CNN
And in 2017, Panasonic Avionics announced a partnership with Tascent -- a biometrics and identity innovation company.
在2017年，松下航空电子公司宣布与生物测定和身份创新公司—Tascent建立伙伴关系。
The idea was seat-back cameras could facilitate onboard immigration, skipping lines when you land. It was also suggested that a seat-back camera could aid payment processing for onboard shopping.
该设计的初衷是，座椅后置摄像头可以方便人们飞机换乘，当你落地后可以跳过排队。同时，它能在飞机购物的支付过程中提供帮助。
British Airways says it has infrared sensors on some seat backs, but no cameras.
英国航空公司称其在一些座椅靠背上安装了红外传感器，但没有安装摄像头。
图片来源：CNN
Has Emirates ever done anything with its on-board cameras?
阿联酋航空公司（Emirates）用其车载摄像头做过什么吗？
"Some of our 777 aircraft have cameras that came pre-installed with the inflight entertainment hardware that we had purchased from the manufacturer (Panasonic)," a spokeperson for the Dubai-based airline told CNN Travel. "It was originally meant for seat-to-seat video calls, however Emirates has never activated it."
“我们的777架飞机中有一些相机，它们预装了我们从制造商（松下）购买的机上娱乐硬件，”一位迪拜航空公司的发言人接受CNN Travel采访时表示。它原本是用于不同座位间的视频通话，但阿联酋从未激活过它。
美国航空方面表示：“制作公司解释说，‘今后技术将得到发展，将安装摄像头，以便在飞机乘客之间进行视频会议’。”
但随着人们越来越担心个人信息被侵犯，航空公司表示：“虽然安装了摄像头，但不会启用。”
Hacking fears
担心黑客入侵？
Although Panasonic Avionics and the airlines say the cameras are currently deactivated -- they're not physically covered up and passengers remain worried about hacking.
尽管松下航空电子公司和航空公司表示，这些摄像头目前处于关闭状态，但它们并没有被遮盖上，乘客们仍然担心存在黑客入侵的问题。
Kamluk, an expert in cyber-security, says that's a key issue.
网络安全专家Kamluk指出这是一个关键问题。
"Passengers should understand that this is not about government or airline conspiracy against them," he tells CNN Travel. "I am sure that it's not in the interest of the airlines to spy on their passengers.
他告诉CNN Travel：“乘客应该明白，这不是政府或航空公司针对他们的阴谋。我敢肯定，监视乘客并不符合航空公司的利益。”
"The true risk comes from potential unauthorized access to these devices from a powerful malicious attackers. As far as IFE is connected to the Internet, there is a possibility of remote hack and espionage if such devices can be activated in software."
“真正的风险在于，强大的恶意攻击者可能会强行访问这些设备。只要IFE连接到互联网，如果这些设备可以通过软件激活，就存在黑客远程入侵和间谍活动的可能。”
Passengers also worry their data might be stolen or compromised.
乘客们也担心他们的数据可能被窃取或泄露。
“These may potentially result in VIP passengers’ communications being eavesdropped, passport data being photographed while filling customs declarations, entering of secret PIN code or password to unlock user’s devices may be recorded on video,” says Kamluk.
Kamluk说，“这很有可能导致VIP乘客之间的交谈遭到偷听；乘客填写海关申报表，用密钥或密码解锁个人设备时，护照资料或会被摄像头记录下来。”
BUT！
不过，在机上装摄像头真的是百害而无益吗？事实上，得到授权许可后，它可以协助空乘人员及时发现机上的异常情况，也能有助于航空公司提升服务质量和乘机体验。
机上摄像头固然存在个人信息泄露的隐患，但人们忽略了一点，在日常生活中，摄像头其实“无处不在”。这样的话，是否时时刻刻都要担忧自己的信息安全？
Improving the experience?
装摄像头能提升乘机体验吗?
But are airplane seat cameras a bad idea? Some aviation experts think they could improve the onboard, inflight experience.
但是航空公司在机上装摄像头是个糟糕的主意吗?一些航空专家认为，摄像头能够提升机上飞行中的服务质量。
Joe Leader, CEO of aviation trade body Airline Passenger Experience Association (APEX) think there’s several handy usages for these cameras.
APEX（航空乘客体验协会）的总裁Joe Leader认为这些摄像头有一些唾手可得的用途。
As well as facilitating video chat between passengers, the cameras could look out for passengers becoming unwell or monitor cabins for suspicious behavior.
除了可以方便乘客之间进行视频通话，这些摄像头也能留意到身体不舒服的乘客,或是监控到可疑行为。
图片来源：CNN
The cameras could also be used to spot human trafficking or assault – acting as an extension of the air steward’s eyes.
摄像头也可作为空乘人员的“第三只眼"，用于发现劫机或袭击行为。
As for the privacy concern, APEX points out the ubiquity of cameras in 21st century society.
至于隐私方面的担忧，APEX指出，二十一世纪的社会，摄像头本来就已经无处不在了。
“Today, airline passengers are typically tracked outside the aircraft dozens of times on a typical journey through stores, security, roadways, and airports by cameras without any permission,” APEX says in a statement.
APEX在声明中写道，“如今，乘客通常会经过商店、安检、走道和机场，这段机舱外的路程要被几十个摄像头记录追踪，而且并没有获得个人许可。”
“In contrast, airlines only want to use cameras in the future with permission when technology has advanced to offer personalized service improvements that passengers desire.”
“相比之下，航空公司只是想在未来技术成熟后，在取得乘客允许的前提下，提供给乘客他们想要的个性化的、更优质的服务。”
Hacking fears, suggests APEX, are “misplaced.”"The greatest risk to airline passenger privacy breaches come from their own smartphones, tablets, cameras, computers, and smart devices used in private settings, " says APEX.
APEX建议，人们没有必要害怕自己的信息可能会遭到非法侵入。他们表示:“对航空公司乘客而言，他们的智能手机、平板电脑、相机、电脑和私人用途的智能设备成为他们隐私泄漏的最大缺口。”
对此，新加坡航空公司明确表示不会启用或开发任何使用摄像头的功能，飞机上的摄像头是永久失效的，并且无法激活，美国、澳洲、新西兰和英国的航空公司也给出了相似的回应。
“These cameras are permanently disabled on our aircraft and cannot be activated on board. ”---Singapore Airlines
“这些摄像头在我们的飞机上是永久失效的，不会被激活。”——新加坡航空公司
This echoes Singapore Airlines' comment on the issue.
这与新加坡对此问题的评论相呼应。
"These cameras have been intended by the manufacturers for future developments," the airline says. "These cameras are permanently disabled on our aircraft and cannot be activated on board. We have no plans to enable or develop any features using the cameras."
该公司表示:“这些摄像头是制造商为未来的发展而设计的。”“这些摄像头在我们的飞机上是永久失效的，无法激活。我们不打算启用或开发任何使用摄像头的功能。”
Meanwhile, American Airlines told CNN Travel that cameras are "a standard feature," but are not activated and the carrier has no plans to use them.
同时，美国航空公司告诉CNN Travel，摄像头是“一个标准功能”，但没有激活，航空公司也并不打算使用这一功能。
图片来源：CNN
A spokesperson for Aussie carrier Qantas also told CNN Travel that IFE manufacturers include inbuilt cameras as standard -- and said the airline couldn't activate the cameras, even if they wanted to.
澳洲航空公司的一名发言人还告诉CNN Travel, IFE的制造商将内置摄像头作为标准配置，并表示，即使他们想激活摄像头，也无法激活。
"The feature would require software in order to be activated, which Qantas doesn't have and doesn't plan to install."
“这个功能需要软件才能激活，而澳洲航空公司并没有这个软件，也并不打算安装。”
Air New Zealand and British Airways told CNN Travel there were no cameras on board any of their aircraft.
新西兰航空公司和英国航空公司告诉CNN Travel，他们的飞机上没有任何摄像头。
Two images obtained by CNN Travel of an IFE system on a British Airways airplane depict what looks like a lens of some kind. BA describes it as an infrared environmental sensor rather than a camera.
CNN Travel获得的两张英国航空公司飞机上的IFE系统的图像描绘了一个类似镜头的东西。BA（英国航空公司）将其描述为红外环境传感器，而不是摄像头。
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编译 | 顾贝盈 庄怡 张萌
杨林姗 马林
排版 | 顾贝盈 庄怡
指导老师 | 刘佳
来源 | CNN Travel