编者按
近日，澳大利亚士兵杀害阿富汗平民一事点燃了中文互联网的舆论，网友纷纷对澳大利亚士兵的恶行表示了愤慨。随后，外交部发言人赵立坚在个人推特上发表了一幅中国画手乌合麒麟的讽刺漫画，强烈谴责澳大利亚士兵的非人行径。其实，澳大利亚士兵杀害阿富汗平民这一事件同样激起了部分外媒的批判。
澳大利亚自2002年起就在阿富汗驻有军队
公众期待已久的一份报告称，有“可靠证据”表明澳大利亚精锐士兵在阿富汗战争中非法杀死了39人。
There is "credible evidence" that Australian elite soldiers unlawfully killed 39 people during the Afghan war, a long-awaited report has found.
澳大利亚国防军对军队不端行为进行了为期四年的调查，结果显示，19名现役或已退役特种士兵因在2009至2013年杀害“囚犯、农民或平民”，应被移交警方接受调查。
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) has released findings from a four-year inquiry into misconduct by its forces.It said 19 current or ex-special forces soldiers should be investigated by police over killings of "prisoners, farmers or civilians" in 2009-13.
澳大利亚国防军将这些罪行归结为部分士兵群体中泛滥的“尚武文化”。此次调查由少将法官保罗·布里列顿主持，采访了400多名目击者。此次调查能证明：新兵的第一次杀戮通常从射杀俘虏开始，这种做法被称为“流血”；在犯罪过后，他们会在阿富汗人尸体旁边埋武器等物品，企图掩饰犯罪现场；另外两件事件已构成了战争犯罪中的“残忍待遇”罪名。
The ADF blamed crimes on an unchecked "warrior culture" among some soldiers.The inquiry - conducted by Maj Gen Justice Paul Brereton - conducted interviews with more than 400 witnesses. It also found evidence that:Junior soldiers were told to get their first kill by shooting prisoners, in a practice known as "blooding"
Weapons and other items were planted near Afghan bodies to cover up crimes
An additional two incidents could constitute a war crime of "cruel treatment"
对这些事件进行初步调查的学者Samantha Crompvoets向BBC表示，它们是“蓄意的、重复且有针对性的战争罪行”，调查报告也与她的看法一致。
Samantha Crompvoets, an academic who carried out the initial research into the incidents, told the BBC they were "deliberate, repeated and targeted war crimes" and said she felt vindicated by the report.
作为以美国为首的联合军的一员，澳大利亚从2002年塔利班统治被推翻后就开始在阿富汗驻军。最初，国际军队的作用是训练阿富汗军队，但随后他们越来越多地参与打击叛乱分子的行动。
Australia has had forces in Afghanistan since 2002, following the overthrow of the Taliban, as part of a US-led coalition. Initially the international forces' role was to train Afghan troops but they became increasingly involved in fighting insurgents.
调查报告大揭秘
Angus Campbell 将军表示，这些事件中没有一起能用“身处激烈的战斗中”来解释。
报告称，25名特种部队士兵是23起独立非法谋杀事件的主犯或从犯。报告建议联邦警察局对总共36起事件进行进一步调查。澳大利亚国防军首长 Angus Campbell将军表示，这些事件中没有一起能用“身处激烈的战斗中”来解释。
It said 25 special forces soldiers had taken part in unlawful killings directly or as "accessories", across 23 separate incidents.It recommended that 36 incidents in total be investigated by federal police.ADF chief Gen Angus Campbell said none of the incidents could be "described as being in the heat of battle".
周四，他向记者表示：“这些谋杀事件并非发生在行凶者意图不明、情况混乱或行为被误解等情况下。”
"None were alleged to have occurred in circumstances in which the intent of the perpetrator was unclear, confused or mistaken," he told reporters on Thursday.
Campbell将军说，有惊人的证据表明，部分特种空勤团士兵“将法律玩弄于股掌之中”。
Gen Campbell said there was alarming evidence that some Special Air Service (SAS) soldiers had taken "the law into their own hands".
他说:“报告指出，一些有经验的、有号召力和影响力的士官及其下属试图将优秀的军事表现与自我、精英主义和权利融合，他们接受这种扭曲的文化，甚至将其‘发扬光大’。”
"The report notes that the distorted culture was embraced and amplified by some experienced, charismatic and influential non-commissioned officers and their proteges, who sought to fuse military excellence with ego, elitism and entitlement," he said.
报告称，因此事而指责阿富汗国防军高级司令部是“严重歪曲事实”，称罪行“发生在巡逻指挥官一级并被隐瞒。"
The report said it would be a "gross distortion" to blame senior ADF command, saying the crimes were "commenced... and concealed at the patrol commander level".
面对指控，然后呢？
上周，澳大利亚总理莫里森警告称，报告中包含有关澳大利亚特种部队的消息“会让澳大利亚群众很难接受”。“此事关乎（国防军内部的）环境、当前的境况、规则、文化和指挥。”他说，“要真正解决这件事，首先要正视那些恶行。“
Last week, PM Scott Morrison warned the report contained "difficult and hard news for Australians" about its special forces."It is the environment [within the ADF], it is the context, it is the rules, it is the culture and the command that sat around those things," he said. "And if we want to deal with the truth of this, we have to deal with the truth of that."
澳大利亚总理莫里森
阿富汗总统阿什拉夫•加尼办公室表示，莫里森已致电对调查结果表示“最深切的悲痛”。法新社援引该国外交部的发言表示，报告中提到的事件是“不可原谅的”，但该报告的发表是“迈向正义的重要一步”。
The office of Afghanistan's President Ashraf Ghani said Mr Morrison had phoned to express his "deepest sorrow" over the findings. The country's foreign ministry, quoted by AFP, said the incidents mentioned in the report were "unforgivable" but its publication was "an important step towards justice".
阿富汗独立人权委员会（AIHRC）对该报告表示认可，但指出它没有提供足够证据，确保刑事起诉。AIHRC表示，至关重要的是，这件事必须追究，并及时进行“适额赔偿”，“通过一系列的独立调查，我们将揭露他们到底有多漠视阿富汗人民的生命，让谋杀正常化，犯下战争罪。”
The Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) welcome the report but noted it had not established enough evidence to ensure criminal prosecution.It said it was vital that this be sought and "adequate compensation" provided without delay."Only through a series of independent inquiries will we uncover the true extent of this disregard for Afghan life, which normalised murder, and resulted in war crimes," it said.
与调查结果相同，澳大利亚国防部长的讲话也是这个此事的重要部分部分。他首先就任何不当行为向阿富汗人民道歉，紧接着告诉澳大利亚人民，他们有权对特种部队提出更高的要求和期望。
The defence chief's language was as part of this story as the findings themselves. He started by apologising to the Afghan people for any wrongdoing, then told the Australian people they had the right to expect better from their special forces.
他在描述一些军队的行为及其所处的文化时，使用了诸如可耻、骇人听闻和有毒之等字眼。
He used words like shameful, appalling and toxic when describing the actions of some troops and the culture in which they operated.
问题的严重性不仅在于这些谋杀的发生，更是在于杀人犯仍旧逍遥法外。事实上，根据这份报告所述，特种部队内部甚至存在着一种竞争的氛围。
And it wasn't just that these alleged executions took place, it was the manner of impunity by which they happened. In fact, according to the report, there was an air of competitiveness within the special forces.
Campbell将军的讲话中有一点引人注目：在描述新兵被胁迫射杀手无寸铁的平民作为“首杀”时，他称当时现场周围安放了武器和无线电广播设备，以便宣称受害者是作战行动中被杀掉的敌人。
One moment stood out in Gen Campbell's address: when he described how some junior soldiers had allegedly been coerced to shoot unarmed civilians to get their "first kill". He said that weapons and radios had then been allegedly planted to support claims that the victims had been enemies killed in action.
这份报告的公开版本已经过大幅修改，我们不知道具体事件或具体个人的细节。但这足以让军方、政府和澳大利亚民众感到不寒而栗了。
下一场，上演何种戏码？
澳大利亚总理莫里森于上周表示，将任命一名特别调查员根据报告内容草拟起诉。澳大利亚媒体表示，警方对案件的调查很可能需要数年，刑事庭审则更是遥遥无期。
Last week, Mr Morrison said a special investigator would be appointed to consider prosecutions from information contained in the report.Australian media reported that police investigations would be likely to take years, even before possible criminal trials.
Campbell将军说，特种空勤团某飞行中队已经被取缔，澳大利亚国防军有责任“纠正一切”。
政府表示还将建立一个独立的监督委员会，来保证“澳大利亚国防军指挥层以外的问责制和透明度”。
The government said it would also establish an independent oversight panel to provide "accountability and transparency that sits outside of the ADF chain of command".
为继续与美国及其它同盟参加维和行动，澳大利亚在阿富汗仍驻有大约400名士兵。
或有别国面对指控？
今年年初，国际刑事法院（ICC）开始调查美国和其他国家在阿富汗冲突中涉嫌的战争罪行。塔利班，阿富汗政府和美军自2003年5月以来的行动预计将受到审查。
国际刑事法院2016年的一份报告表明，他们有理由认为美军在中情局（CIA）掌控的秘密拘留场所中实施了酷刑。
A 2016 report from the ICC said there was a reasonable basis to believe the US military had committed torture at secret detention sites operated by the CIA.
报告称，有理由认为阿富汗政府对战俘施以酷刑，塔利班则犯下诸如大规模杀戮平民的战争罪行。
The report also said it was reasonable to believe the Afghan government had tortured prisoners and the Taliban had committed war crimes such as the mass killing of civilians.
在英国，高等法院正在认定英国是否未能妥善调查有关特种部队非法杀人的指控。
In Britain, the High Court is considering whether the UK failed to properly investigate allegations of unlawful killing by UK Special Forces.
阿富汗独立人权委员会在一份声明中表示“美国和英国以及其他在阿富汗有武装力量的国家（应该）对这些媒体的报道作出正面回应，并调查他们的部队在此次针对阿富汗平民的暴力行为中的参与度和领导程度。”
"The US and UK, and other countries with an armed presence in Afghanistan [should] respond to these media reports, and to investigate their forces' participation, and leadership, of acts of violence against Afghan non-combatants," the AIHRC said in a statement.
原文链接：
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-54996581
编译：祖芃芃 陈语姝 庄雯怡
排版：庄雯怡
审核：赵寒旭
