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As states pass restrictive abortion laws, questions surface
堕胎法后，许多问题浮出水面
As multiple states pass laws banning many abortions, questions have surfaced about what exactly that means for women who might seek an abortion. The short answer: nothing yet.
美国几个州通过了《反堕胎法》后，一些问题接踵而至，对于可能想要堕胎的女性来说，这究竟意味着什么？简短的回答是：目前来说还没有什么影响。
Governors in Kentucky , Mississippi , Ohio and Georgia have recently approved bans on abortion once a fetal heartbeat is detected, which can happen in the sixth week of pregnancy, before many women know they’re pregnant, and Alabama’s governor signed a measure making the procedure a felony in nearly all cases. Missouri lawmakers passed an eight-week ban Friday. Other states, including Louisiana , are considering similarly restrictive laws.
肯塔基州、密西西比州、俄亥俄州和佐治亚州政府最近通过了一项禁令，一旦能检测到胎儿的心跳，孕妇就不得堕胎，胎儿的心跳一般出现在怀孕后第六周，很多女性此时都还没发现自己已经怀孕了。此外，阿拉巴马州政府官员签署的《反堕胎法》规定，几乎所有情况下，堕胎都是重罪。密苏里州的立法者通过的《反堕胎法》禁止怀孕八周后堕胎。包括路易斯安那州在内的其他成员州则正在考虑类似的限制性法条。
None of the laws has actually taken effect, and all will almost definitely be blocked while legal challenges play out.
事实上这些法律还没有一个生效，当有人对它们提出诉讼的时候，几乎可以肯定地说，这些法律都会无法实行。
The U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Roe v. Wade said a woman has the right to choose whether to have an abortion. Supporters of the new laws acknowledge that that they will initially be blocked, but they welcome the challenges. They’ve made it clear that their ultimate goal is to get the nation’s highest court to reconsider its 1973 ruling now that the balance seems tipped in their favor.
美国联邦最高法院的罗伊诉韦德案中，一项具有里程碑意义的判决允许了女性堕胎的权利。《反堕胎案》的支持者们承认在法案推行初期会遭到阻碍，但他们欢迎挑战。他们已经阐明了他们的最终目标，就是要让最高法院重新考虑1973年罗伊案的判决，鉴于当前形势倾向他们一方。
CAN WOMEN STILL GET ABORTIONS IN STATES WHERE THESE LAWS HAVE PASSED?
在通过了《反堕胎法》的州，女人还能堕胎吗？
Yes. Abortion remains legal nationwide.
是的。堕胎在全国范围内仍然合法。
Abortion providers say that with all the coverage of the new laws, they’ve been getting calls from patients and potential patients who are confused about whether the procedure is still available.
提供堕胎服务的机构称，随着《反堕胎法》的全面覆盖，他们不断地接到来自有意愿堕胎孕妇的电话。她们不清楚自己是否还能堕胎。
Although abortion is still legal everywhere, lawmakers in some states have passed less-restrictive measures that make accessing the procedure more difficult. That has resulted in six states having only a single abortion provider, while others have only two or three, according to the Guttmacher Institute, an abortion rights research group.
尽管堕胎在全国范围内依然合法，但是某些州的立法者们已经通过了较为宽松的举措让女性接受堕胎手术更为困难。据堕胎权研究组织古特马赫研究所的调查，在这些举措的影响下，有六个州只剩下一家提供堕胎服务的机构，其他州还有两到三家。
WHO’S CHALLENGING THESE LAWS AND WHERE DO THOSE CHALLENGES STAND?
谁在挑战反堕胎法？他们的立场是什么？
Opponents of the laws are filing lawsuits and fully expect the measures won’t be allowed to take effect while the court challenges are pending.
反堕胎法的反对者们正在提起诉讼。他们满怀希望，期待着在法庭拷问的期间，相关措施将无法生效。
A court blocked Kentucky’s law from taking effect after the American Civil Liberties Union sued, and that case is ongoing.
在美国公民自由协会（ACLU）提出控告后，法院暂时禁止肯塔基州的《反堕胎法》生效。此案仍在审理过程中。
The ACLU and Planned Parenthood on Wednesday challenged Ohio’s law, and they expect a court to keep it from entering effect as scheduled in July.
本周三，ACLU及美国计划生育协会对俄亥俄州的《反堕胎法》提出诉讼，他们希望法院能撤销原定于七月份生效的该法律。
Mississippi’s law also is set to take effect in July, but it has been challenged by the Center for Reproductive Rights.
密西西比州的《反堕胎法》律也计划于七月份生效，但受到了来自生殖权利中心的质疑。
Alabama’s law would become enforceable in six months and Georgia’s would take effect Jan. 1, but the ACLU plans to challenge both of those laws.
阿拉巴马州的《反堕胎法》将在六个月内生效，乔治亚州的《反堕胎法》也将在明年1月1日生效，但ACLU计划起诉这些法律。
WHY IS ALABAMA’S LAW
GETTING SO MUCH ATTENTION?
为什么阿拉巴马州的《堕胎法》备受关注？
Alabama’s law goes farther than the others. It makes abortion a felony in nearly all cases and includes no exceptions for cases of rape or incest. The only exception is when the pregnant woman’s health is at serious risk.
阿拉巴马州的法律比其他州更为严苛。它的法律规定堕胎在几乎在所有情况下都是重罪，即使是在强奸案或者乱伦案中也不例外。仅在当孕妇的健康面临严重风险时，才被允许堕胎。
Republican state Rep. Terri Collins, who sponsored the bill, said adding any exceptions could harm the goal of creating a legal case that embryos and fetuses are people with rights of personhood.
该法案的发起者，共和党代表Terri Collins说，如果给堕胎法增加其他任何例外情况，就会损害该立法目的，即胚胎和胎儿都拥有法律上的人格权。
Another GOP lawmaker, Rep. Clyde Chambliss, said the bill was not about privacy, which is the legal foundation for Roe, but rather “the right of an unborn child to live.”
另一位共和党议员Clyde Chambliss表示，这项法案与隐私（罗伊诉韦德案的法律基础）无关，而是关于“一个未出生孩子的生存权。”
HOW DOES GEORGIA’S LAW CONFERRING PERSONHOOD
ON A FETUS WORK?
乔治亚州格鲁赋予胎儿人格权的法律
是如何起作用的？
The law says, “It shall be the policy of the State of Georgia to recognize unborn children as natural persons.”
法律规定：“乔治亚州的政策承认未出生的孩子是自然人。”
That caused some speculation that the law would allow women to be charged with murder if they get an abortion. Although a prosecutor could interpret the law that way, University of Georgia law professor emeritus Ron Carlson said he believes a woman “cannot be successfully prosecuted” under the law, which seems primarily to target abortion providers.
这项法律引起了一些质疑。堕胎的妇女可能会被指控犯了谋杀罪。尽管检察官可以这样解释该法律，但佐治亚大学的法律名誉教授Ron Carlson还是做出了反驳，他相信孕妇“不会因为这项法律而被成功起诉”，因为它主要是针对提供堕胎手术的组织的。
Elizabeth Nash of the Guttmacher Institute said some states have tried to enact fetal personhood measures by ballot initiatives in the past, but those have failed.
古特马赫研究所的Elizabeth Nash说，一些州曾试图通过投票来为胎儿的人格权立法，但都失败了。
That’s partly because it could have such broad implications, including access to fertility treatments, inheritance rights and taxation, she said.
这些尝试之所以失败，部分原因在于：立法会对生育治疗接受权、继承权及税收等产生非常广泛的影响。
“There are a lot of consequences that we don’t know yet,” she said.
她说：“我们还不清楚这些法律将产生的诸多后果。”
文章来源|AP
图片来源|AP
编译|庄怡 梁沅 陈宁
排版|庄怡
指导老师|刘佳