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为何女性饱受歧视与网暴？究竟是谁在主导这场关于性别的战争？不妨跟随这BBC女记者的实验，探究这场战争背后隐藏的现实。
01
被网暴的开始
我是BBC首位报道虚假信息的专业记者Marianna Spring。
And I receive abusive messages on social media daily. Most are too offensive to share unedited. The trigger? My coverage of the impact of online conspiracies and fake news. I expect to be challenged and criticised - but misogynistic hate directed at me has become a very regular occurrence.
因为报道阴谋论、谣言的影响，我每天都会在社交媒体上收到辱骂消息。那些消息大多都不堪入目，不能直接写出来。我期待接受批评和挑战——但对我的女性歧视已变得非常普遍。
I wanted to understand why this is happening, the threat it poses - and why social media sites, the police and the government aren't doing more about it. So, I set out to make a film for the BBC's Panorama programme.
我想知道为什么会发生这种情况，它构成的威胁 - 以及为什么社交媒体网站、警察和政府没有对此采取更多措施。所以，我开始为 BBC 的《全景》栏目制作一部影片。
02
与喷子“对线”
Curious about who was running accounts sending me - and other women - abuse, I started by looking into the profiles targeting me. Most were men and based in the UK. Everything from calling me a "daft cow" and telling me I needed to "get laid" to threatening to come and find me and violently or sexually attack me, they bombard me with gender-based slurs again and again.
是谁在使用那些账号辱骂我和其他女性？我首先查看了他们的个人资料。大多数是归属地在英国的男性。从称呼我为“愚蠢的母牛”、骂我应该去当个妓女，再到威胁要来找我施暴或性侵，他们一次又一次地用基于性别的侮辱“轰炸”我。
It turns out, they are real people - not bots. One is a Spurs fan, like me. Another likes vegan cooking.
事实证明，他们是真实的人——而不是网络机器人。一个和我一样是马刺队的球迷，另一个喜欢素食烹饪。
I reached out to them - and one called Steve, a van driver in his 60s from the Midlands, agreed to speak to me on the phone.
我联系了他们——一个面包车司机同意与我电话交谈，他叫史蒂夫，60多岁，来自米德兰兹。
Like lots of account holders who sent me hate, he is deep into online conspiracy theories. But like others, the abuse he sent me also attacked me for being a woman. At first he told me he didn't think his messages were that bad - but I explained they were just some of many punctuated with abuse streaming into my inbox.
和许多辱骂我的人一样，他深陷于网络上的阴谋论。同样，他针对女性身份来辱骂我。一开始，他告诉我他并不认为他的消息有那么恶劣——但我解释说，它们只是我的收件箱中泛滥的辱骂消息的一部分。
"I probably made a mistake. I'm a pretty fair bloke," he eventually concluded. He pointed out that he actually receives hate himself online from "people who believe in global warming and that 9/11 happened*". They are responding to conspiracy theories that he shares on social media. I had hoped this might help him see why hate wasn't the answer.
“我可能做错了。我是一个相当公正的人。”他最终承认。他指出，事实上，网络中“相信全球变暖和911事件*的人”因为他在社交媒体上分享的阴谋论而仇视他。我希望这能让他明白为什么仇恨不是答案。
*外网典型的两个阴谋论：全球变暖只是谎言；布什·切尼政府借911事件误导公众是穆斯林攻击了美国。
玛丽安娜试图找出更多喷子的有关信息。图源：BBC
03
算法助长还是阻止了网络暴力
Our conversation got me thinking about what my trolls might be seeing on their social media feeds. I wanted to see whether social media algorithms are pushing more misogyny to accounts similar to those that abuse women online. So I created a fake online persona called Barry and signed him up to the five most popular social media platforms in the UK.
与史蒂夫的谈话令我思考，那些喷子在他们的社交媒体上看到了什么呢？我想看看社交媒体的算法是否将更多的仇女内容推送给那些对女性实施网络暴力的用户。因此，我创造了一个名为巴里的虚假网络用户，并为他在英国五个最受欢迎的社交媒体平台上进行了注册。
Barry's accounts were based on multiple accounts that had sent me abuse. Like my trolls, Barry was mainly interested in anti-vax content and conspiracy theories, and followed a small amount of anti-women content. He also posted some abuse on his profile - so that the algorithms could detect from the start he had an account that used abusive language about women.
巴里的账号以曾对我实施网络暴力的多个账号为样本。与那些喷子一样，巴里主要对反疫苗和阴谋论的内容感兴趣，并关注少量的反女性内容。他还在自己的个人资料里发布了一些侮辱言论。这样，算法从一开始就可以检测出他有一个对发表侮辱女性言论的账号。
After just a week, the top recommended pages to follow on both Facebook and Instagram were almost all misogynistic. By the end of the two-week experiment, Barry was pushed more and more anti-women content by these sites. Some of this content involved sexual violence, sharing disturbing memes about sex acts, and content condoning rape, harassment and gendered violence.
仅仅一周后，在Facebook和Instagram推荐的页面上几乎都与仇女内容相关。在两周的实验结束前，巴里被这些网站推送的反女性内容越来越多。其中的内容涉及性暴力，分享令人不安的有关性行为的模因，以及纵容强奸、骚扰和性别暴力的内容。
They also referenced extreme ideologies. That included the "incel" movement - an internet subculture that encourages men to blame women for problems in their lives. "If it were a real person, [Barry] would have been brought into a hateful community full of misogynistic content very, very quickly - within two weeks," says Colliver.
推送的内容还涉及了极端的意识形态。这包括“因塞尔运动”——一种鼓励男性将生活中的问题归咎于女性的互联网亚文化。科利弗说："如果巴里是一个真实存在的人，他很快会被带入一个充斥仇女内容的社区——在仅仅两个星期内。
All the main social media companies say they don't promote hate on their platforms and take action to stop it.
所有的主流社交媒体公司都声称他们从不在社交平台上助长仇恨，而是采取行动阻止。
However, Far from stopping Barry engaging with anti-women content, Facebook and Instagram appear to have promoted it to him. By contrast, there was no anti-women content on TikTok and very little on Twitter. YouTube suggested some videos hostile to women.
然而，Facebook和Instagram不仅没有阻止巴里接触反女性内容，似乎还向他宣传了这些内容。与它们形成鲜明对比的是，实验中Tik Tok上没有反女性的内容，Twitter上也很少，YouTube上则是出现了一些对妇女有敌意的视频。
"They are driving up their bottom line by keeping people's interest in horrible, violent, often misogynistic content," says social media expert Chloe Colliver.
社交媒体专家克洛伊·科利弗说：“他们通过保持人们对可怕的、暴力的、往往仇视女性的内容的兴趣，来提高他们的营收额。”
04
为何施暴持续不止
Social media companies say they take online hate against women seriously - and they have rules to protect users from abuse. These include suspending, restricting or even shutting down accounts sending hate.
社交媒体公司称，他们尤其重视针对女性的网络暴力，这些公司也有着保护用户免受网络暴力的相关规则。这些规则包括暂时停用账号、限制账号使用甚至是对发送仇视消息的账号做删号处理。
But my experience suggests they often don't. I reported some of the worst messages I've ever received - including threats to come to my house to rape me and commit horrific sexual acts - to Facebook when I received them. But months later, the account remained on Facebook, along with dozens of other Instagram and Twitter accounts sending me abuse.
但我的个人经历却表明，他们往往没有这样做。我曾向脸书官方举报了我收到过的消息中最不堪入目的几条，包括那条威胁着要来我家强奸我并实施恐怖性举动的。但数月过后，这些账号依旧在脸书上活跃，同时还有数不清的其他Instagram和推特账号给我发送辱骂消息。
It turns out my experience is part of a pattern. New research for this programme by the Centre for Countering Digital Hate, shows how 97% of 330 accounts sending misogynistic abuse on Twitter and Instagram remained on the site after being reported.
其实，我的经历已然是某种必然规律。反网络仇恨中心一项新研究调查了330个在推特和Instagram上发送仇女辱骂消息的账号，展示了其中的97%在被举报后后依然活跃于网络。
05
不止线上……
I've been taking part in a major piece of research for the UN's cultural agency Unesco - which looks at the impact of online hate. Lead researcher Julie Posetti and her team asked more than 800 women, journalists like me, about their experiences of online hate.
我一直以来都在参与联合国的文化机构——联合国教科文组织的一项重大研究，旨在探究线上网络仇恨的影响。领衔研究员朱莉·波塞蒂和她的团队找到超过800名像我一样的女性记者，问询她们有关网络仇恨的经历。
"Online violence is really the new frontier of conflict that women face internationally," Posetti tells me.
波塞蒂告诉我说：“网络暴力确实是全球女性所面对的冲突矛盾新领域。”
Twenty percent of women who responded to the UN's survey, in collaboration with the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ), said they had already experienced attacks in real-life, including stalking and physical assault.
有20%回应了联合国和国际新闻中心联合调查的女性称，她们曾在现实生活中遭遇攻击，包括跟踪和物理层面的袭击。
06
我又该求助谁？
I'm especially worried about some of the hate I receive online, including from a man who appears to have a prior conviction for stalking women. But I've been left frustrated at the police response.
我尤其担心我所收到的一些仇恨言论，其中有些来自一个似乎执着于跟踪女性的男性。但我已经对警察的回应十分失望。
An officer got in touch initially and I shared my evidence of the abuse - but I only heard back from her weeks later when she told me that she was moving teams, my case was being passed on and there had been no progress.
我向最开始与我接触的一位警官提供了遭受辱骂的证据，但几周后的回音告诉我，她即将转队，我的案子被转交给他人且无任何进展。
I tried to report another batch of rape threats, death threats and abusive messages at the end of July to the new officer. When we met in person in the middle of August, the officer admitted he was not the right person to handle the case - and that it should have been passed on to a specialist team.
我也曾在七月末尝试向新接手我的案子的警官举报另外一批包含强奸威胁、死亡威胁和辱骂性言论的消息。当我们在八月中旬会面时，这位警官承认他并不适合处理这个案子——它应该被交给专家组。
By the end of August, I was on to my third police liaison officer - who asked me to review the portfolio of evidence I had already sent in, marking which messages were from Twitter, Instagram and Facebook as he wasn't sure how to use the platforms.
八月末，我被交给了第三位联络警官，因为他并不熟悉网络平台的使用方法，他让我自己去检查此前发送的证据的卷宗，并分别标记哪些消息是从推特、Instagram和脸书收到的。
My latest liaison officer has requested more information from the social media sites - but still no progress.
我最新的联络警官向我索要了更多来自社交媒体网站的消息，但依旧没有更多的进展。
07
勇于反抗 我们正在行动
---------
Draft proposals from the UN to get the social media companies to better protect women have been shared exclusively with Panorama. They are calling for social media platforms to introduce labels for accounts that have previously sent misogynistic abuse. They also want to see more human moderators taking the decisions about offensive material - and an early warning system for users if they think online abuse could escalate into real world harm.
《全景》独家报道，联合国起草提案让社交媒体公司更好的保护女性。他们呼吁社交媒体平台为此前曾发布歧视女性及虐待行为（言论）的账号添加标签。他们还希望看到更多的领袖对冒犯行为做出处罚决定。如果用户认为网络暴力可能会升级为现实世界伤害，可以为用户提供一个早期预警系统。
露丝·戴维森. 图源：BBC
"I think we have to challenge," says Ruth Davidson, the Former leader of the Scottish Conservatives. "I don't think that it is in anybody's interests for women who are consistently abused in a way that a man wouldn't be to let other young women who are online and seeing that abuse think that's just the way things are."
“我认为我们必须勇于挑战，”苏格兰保守党前领导人露丝·戴维森说。“有些女性一直受到男性从不会遭受的辱骂，倘若她们无动于衷，让其他在网上看到辱骂事件的年轻女性认为事情本该如此，我觉得这对谁都没有好处。”
For women of all ages - myself included - that means refusing to be bullied off social media.
对于所有年龄段的女性—包括我自己，这意味着对在社交媒体上的霸凌坚决说不。
重点词汇
·abusive:
adj. 辱骂的；恶语的；毁谤的rude and offensive; criticizing rudely and unfairly 虐待的involving violence
例句：He become abusive when he was drunk.
·trigger：
vt.to make sth happen suddenly触发;引起;发动;开动;起动;
n.the part of a gun that you press in order to fire it触发器;(枪的)扳机;(尤指引发不良反应或发展的)起因，诱因;引爆器;
例句：The thieves must have deliberately triggered the alarm and hidden inside the house.
·hostile：
adj.very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight怀有敌意的;敌对的;敌意的;坚决否定;强烈反对;有阻碍的;不利的;
例句：Frank used to be a reserved, almost hostile person.
·bottom line ：
n.the most important thing that you have to consider or accept要旨;基本论点;底线;最终赢利(或亏损);损益表底线;可接受的最低价格;底价;
例句：The bottom line is that we have to make a decision today.
原文链接：
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-58924168
编译|陈瀚 肖敏瑜 刘铸 陈宇昕 赵巍 余梓骞
排版|肖敏瑜 陈瀚
