好莱坞最高调的鸟叫 竟然用错了！

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That's a loon. And right now he's doing something called wailing. But this is probably not the first time you've heard that noise.

这是一只潜鸟。现在它正在呜嚎。但这很可能不是你第一次听见这个声音。

The sound also emerges in the following movies:

• 1917|UniversalPictures

• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban|Warner Bros. Pictures

• Rick and Morty|Warner Bros. Pictures

这个声音也在如下电影中出现：

• 《1917》|环球影业

• 《哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》|华纳兄弟影业

• 《瑞克和莫蒂》|华纳兄弟影业

You'll find it whenever the scene needs to feel a little moody (Pet Sematary|Paramount Pictures), or eerie(Watchmen|Warner Bros. Television), or just remind us that we are in the great outdoors (Godzilla|Warner Bros. Pictures).

你会发现当影视场景想营造忧郁的氛围（《宠物公墓》|派拉蒙电影公司），阴森的氛围（《守望者》|华纳兄弟电视公司），或是想要向观众强调这是户外的场景时（《哥斯拉》|华纳兄弟影业），你都会听到潜鸟的呜嚎。

This specific bird call is all over movies and TV shows. But, it really shouldn't be.

这种特殊的鸟叫声在电影和电视节目中随处可见。然而，情况本不应如此。

Terry Sohl is a research geographer with the U.S. Geological Survey at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. But more importantly, he moonlights on twitter and his blog, as DakotaBirder. He mostly posts beautiful pictures of birds and points out when Hollywood uses their calls incorrectly.

Terry Sohl是美国地质调查局地球资源观测与科学（EROS）中心的地理研究学者，更重要的是，他在推特和博客上以用户名“达科他州观鸟者”进行兼职。他常常会发布美丽的鸟类照片，并且在好莱坞错误地使用了这些鸟类的叫声时指出问题。

That's because the loon is a very particular bird. They're also called "divers", because they're really good at diving, thanks to their dense bones and enormous feet. They're also good at something called penguin dancing and scooting across lakes at astonishing speeds.

这是因为潜鸟是一种非常特殊的鸟类。潜鸟也有“潜水员”之称，因为它们有密集的骨骼和巨大的脚蹼，极其善于潜水。它们还擅长一种“企鹅舞”,善于以惊人的速度在湖面上滑行。

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They mostly stick to Canada amd the northern US, where there are plenty of lakes for them to hang out in. But, they do migrate, passing through other US states on their way to winter along the coasts as far down as Mexico. "I certainly wouldn't expect a common loon in Hawaii or in Bolivia or in South Africa." Terry said.

潜鸟多居住在加拿大和美国北部，那里有大量的湖泊供它们游荡。但是，它们也的确会迁徙，在前往墨西哥海岸过冬的途中经过美国其他州。“我当然不会指望在夏威夷、玻利维亚或南非能找到一只普通的潜鸟。”Terry说。

And geographic location isn't the only thing Hollywood gets wrong. A loon might be found in California, but not during the summer. And you'd never find a loon in the desert. "No,they need water." Terry said, "If you’ve ever seen a loon try to fly, it takes them a little while to get going. "They're actually really clumsy on land, so you also wouldn't find them in the Vietnamese jungle.

潜鸟所在的地理位置并不是好莱坞出的唯一一个错误。我们可能会在加州发现一只潜鸟，但你绝不会找到在夏天生活的潜鸟。你也永远不会在沙漠中找到一只潜鸟。“沙漠里不可能有潜鸟的，因为它们需要水。”Terry说，“如果你曾见过潜鸟试图飞行，你会看到它们需要过一段时间才能起飞。”它们在陆地上相当笨拙，所以你在越南丛林里也无法找到它们。

If we turn the loon wail into a chart showing pitch over time. In this section, you can see that the loon makes a jump between two notes. In complicated musical terms, this interval is close to a major third, but it also bends into a minor third right at the end. It starts in a major and ends in a minor, which is extremely funky.

我们可以将潜鸟的哀嚎转化成一个随着时间展示音调变化的图表。在这一节中，你会发现潜鸟的哀嚎在两个音符之间跳跃。用复杂的音乐术语来解释，这个音程接近大调三度，却在刚好结尾处“转弯”成小调三度。以大调开始，以小调结束，这种旋律的音低节奏尤为强烈。

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And the loon doesn't just jump from note to note like a lot of chirpy birds. Instead, the notes sort of slide into each other, a feature that you will also hear in blues and soul music.

并且潜鸟的叫声并不像许多啾啾叫的鸟一样从一个音符跳跃到另一个音符。相反，它叫声中的音符好像是从一个“滑”向另一个，形成一条平滑的音调变化曲线，你在蓝调布鲁斯和灵乐中也会听到这种特征。

So it is no wonder the loon wail is Hollywood's favorite bird call. It's a short cut to a feeling, enhancing a moment's melancholy, or tension, or share remoteness.

所以难怪潜鸟的哀嚎是好莱坞最喜欢的鸟叫声。它是一种表达感情的捷径，渲染了一时的忧郁、或是紧张、或是分享一种遥远的意境。

"On the few occasions that I have heard it in real life, it is really unforgettable." said Terry, "It's so unlike any other bird call. It's hard that the first time you hear it not to have goose bumps. It just is such a haunting, unusual sound."

Terry说：”我在现实生活中听到过几次这种叫声，真的很难忘。它与其他的鸟叫声是如此的不同。你第一次听到时很难不起鸡皮疙瘩。这正是那么一种萦绕心头、非同寻常的声音。“

The loons aren't sad when they're wailing. They actually have four calls: the hoot, the yodel, the tremolo and the wail.

潜鸟的呜嚎并不代表它们真的伤心。实际上，它们有四种叫声：呵叫(hoot)、婉鸣(yodel)、颤鸣(tremelo)和呜嚎(wail)。

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The yodel and the tremelo are both used during stressful situations: when another bird is overstepping his bounds, or when some other threat is looming. If a loon ever looks at you like this, you should probably back away.

当处于紧张状态时，它们会发出婉鸣和颤鸣，比如当其他鸟只侵犯它们的领土，或是当其他威胁正在逼近时。如果一只潜鸟像这样看着你（配图），你最好赶紧退后。

The hoot is mostly for chatting to fellow loons up close. And the famous wail, it's basically just the loon equivalent of a game of Marco Polo, a way of saying "Hey! Where is everybody?" But to human ears even the calmest wail sounds remarkably melancholy.

呵叫一般用来和同伴近距离交流。至于最出名的“呜嚎”，其实基本相当于潜鸟版本的马可波罗游戏，一种“嘿，大家都在哪儿呢？”的表达方式。但对于人类来说，即使是最平静的这种叫声，听起来都出奇地凄凉。

There is a lot more to learn about loons.

关于潜鸟，还有更多的小知识。

They return to the same lake year after year.

它们每年都会回到同一片湖。

They do this weird foot waggle and nobody really knows why.

他们会做这种奇怪的腿部摆动，没人知道原因。

They carry their cute, fluffy babies on their backs.

他们会把自己毛绒绒的小宝贝们背在背上。

Their populations are dwindling due to pollution, human disturbance, and climate change. According to one model, the loon is on track to lose about half of it’s range by 2080.

由于污染、人为干扰和气候变化，它们的数量正在减少。 根据数学模型，潜鸟的数量可能在 2080 年之前减少一半。

原文链接：https://www.vox.com/videos/2021/10/13/22725104/hollywood-creepy-bird-call-common-loon

编译 | 蒋祖儿 郝喜桓 黄怡涛 谢曈 周奕言

排版 | 谢曈 蒋祖儿