新冠期间，人们喝酒更多了吗？

编者按：人们似乎总爱在困难时期借酒消愁，以此来释放压力。有研究表明，疫情居家隔离期间，人们会喝得比以往更多。但也有人为了省钱而离酒精更远了。真相究竟如何呢？

Are people drinking more or less during the pandemic? It's a question that's been on the mind of researchers, and the public alike. Humans often turn to alcohol in difficult times, which comes with its own problems: research shows that when you turn to drinking to cope with stress it's more likely to turn into a problem. Yet as recently as last year, studies found that American millennials just weren't that into drinking, perhaps because of related trends in wellness and healthy lifestyles. 

在疫情期间，人们喝的酒是比以往更多还是更少呢？这个问题一直以来都困扰着研究者和公众。人们通常在遇到困难时喝酒，而这样，问题就来了：有研究表明，当选择借酒消愁时，你很有可能会有更大的困扰。然而，就在去年，研究发现美国千禧一代由于追求健康和健康的生活方式，并不喜欢喝酒。

    Researchers are beginning to look at data and polls to study how drinking behaviors have changed.According to a recent report in the journal JAMA Network Open, Americans are drinking 14 percent more often during the coronavirus pandemic. The study compared responses from a survey of 1,540 participants of their self-reported drinking habits in spring to the year prior. For women, the increase was up to 17 percent compared to last year. 

     相关人员正通过数据和调查来研究人们的饮酒行为究竟有何变化。根据最新一刊的JAMA杂志，在新冠流行期间，美国人均比以往多喝了14%的酒。这项研究比较了另一项调查结果，其中1540位参与者描述了自己今年春季不一样的饮酒习惯。对女性群体来说，这一数字相较于去年增加了17%。

"Women were particularly affected in our data," Michael Pollard, a sociologist and co-author of the paper told Salon. Pollard said since women typically have higher levels of mental distress than men, coupled with larger increases in domestic labor at home, it's no surprise that women reported drinking more than men once the pandemic started. The pandemic has had a greater economic and social impact on women than men. 

    “数据显示女性群体深受影响，”该论文的合著者之一、社会学家迈克尔·波拉德告诉沙龙采访人员。波拉德说，女性通常比男性压力更大，再加上繁重的家务，所以在疫情开始时，女性的饮酒量远超男性，这一点也就不足为奇了。疫情给女性在经济和社会方面带来的影响远远大于男性。

 Heavy alcohol use by women specifically has been somewhat overlooked by the scientific literature, but clearly it is a real and growing concern," Pollard told Salon. "For example, some of my colleagues at RAND conducted a review of the last 20 years of assessments of the efficacy of Alcohol Use Disorder treatments, and concluded that we simply don't have scientific evidence to inform whether or not those treatments are as effective for women as men—because nobody has set out to study it, and because women are systematically under-enrolled in these studies."

     波拉德在接受沙龙采访时表示：“女性酗酒一直以来被科学研究所忽视，但很明显，这个问题真实存在，而且呈上升趋势。例如，我在兰德公司的一些同事对过去20年酒精使用紊乱疗法有效性的评估进行了审查，据此得出：我们根本没有科学证据来证明这些疗法对女性是否会有像对男性一样的效果—因为没人去研究它，同样也由于这些研究中女性注册人数不足。

According to a separate study by researchers at Washington State University, one in four adults reported a change in alcohol use immediately after stay-at-home orders were issued. Interestingly, the study surveyed more than 900 twin pairs from March 26 to April 5, 2020. An estimated 14 percent of respondents said they drank more alcohol than the week prior.

     根据华盛顿州立大学的研究，在发布居家命令后，有将近四分之一的成年人改变了饮酒习惯。有趣的是，从2020年3月26日到4月5日，这个研究调查了900多对双胞胎。估计有百分之十四的人们说他们比前一个星期喝了更多的酒。

     The situation varies between countries, curiously. A study by researchers at the University College London found that young Australians are actually drinking less during lockdown, partly because of the lack of social opportunities. Those who reported drinking less reports that they've had an improved financial situation and physical health. Similarly, a July poll from Alcohol Change UK found that 37 percent of 1,647 UK residents surveyed had attempted to manage their alcohol consumption during lockdown by having alcohol-free days, reducing the amount of alcohol they purchased, or attending a virtual support group. However, the same study did find that one in five of drinkers surveyed were drinking more frequently during the pandemic.

     奇怪的是，不同国家，情况不同。伦敦大学学院发现在隔离期间，澳大利亚的年轻人事实上喝酒更少了，一部分是因为缺乏社交。那些喝的更少的人说，他们的经济水平有所提高，身体也越来越健康了。同样，英国一个关于酒精的民意测验发现，隔离时期，在1647个英国居民中，有37%的人尝试通过不喝酒来节制消费。结果，他们购买的酒减少了。然而，同样的研究发现，在被调查的人们中，五分之一的饮酒者在疫情期间喝酒更加频繁了。

Notably, before the pandemic, Americans were drinking more than they were just prior to Prohibition."Consumption has been going up. Harms (from alcohol) have been going up," Dr. Tim Naimi, an alcohol researcher at Boston University, told AP News in January. "And there's not been a policy response to match it."

    值得注意的是，在疫情之前，美国人的饮酒量比禁酒前要多。“消费在上升，（酒精带来的）危害也在上升。“波士顿大学的酒精研究者Tim Naimi博士在一月份告诉AP新闻，“并且目前还没有一个针对性的政策。”

All things considered, it appears that drinking patterns have bifurcated. Some drinkers now drink more, and others abstain more. The polar reaction suggests that many have reconsidered the role of alcohol in their life.

     从各方面考虑，似乎喝酒方式是有分歧的。一些饮酒者现在喝的更多，但是其他人戒的更多。这表明，很多人已经重新思考酒精在他们生活所起的作用了。