大数跨境

历史追踪 | 从玉米到演员,怎么大家都能上太空?

历史追踪 | 从玉米到演员,怎么大家都能上太空? QuriositySISU
2021-10-18
2
导读:下一次驶往太空的飞行器里装载的又会是谁?


The Changing Identity 

of Space Travelers

太空旅者身份更替史



导入

10月5日,俄罗斯“联盟MS-19”号载人飞船将两名俄罗斯电影人送入国际空间站拍摄电影。10月17日,两名电影人安全返航。这是人类首次运送专业演员上太空拍摄影片。


    浩瀚宇宙,人类从未停止探索的步伐,无论过去现在还是将来,星空背后的故事都是如此迷人。而在一架架驶向太空的飞船中,太空旅者的身份变迁历程如何?

Animals & Plants

动植物

In 1946, the first living tissue in space was a handful of maize seeds. Maize seeds were an important stepping-stone for humans to reach the stars 15 years later.

进入太空中的第一个活组织是1946年的一把玉米种子。玉米种子是人类在15年后到达恒星的重要踏脚石。


In 1971, the crew of Apollo 14 flew seeds around the Moon before bringing them back to plant around the world. 

1971年,阿波罗14号的宇航员带着种子在月球周围环绕,然后把它们带回世界各地播种。



Before humans actually went into space, American and Russian scientists utilized animals in order to test each country's ability to launch a living organism into space and bring it back alive and unharmed.

在人类真正进入太空以前的好几年时间里,美国和俄罗斯(苏联)的科学家利用动物来测试自己国家将生物体发射至太空并将其完好无损的带回地球的能力。


In 1948, a V-2 Blossom launched into space from New Mexico carrying Albert I, a rhesus monkey. Lack of fanfare and documentation made Albert an unsung hero of animal astronauts.

1948 年 6 月 11 日,一架 V-2 Blossom 从新墨西哥州的白沙携带着一只恒河猴阿尔伯特一世发射升空。缺乏相关宣传和文件记录使得阿尔伯特成为了动物宇航员中的无名英雄


Laika


Laika was the first living being to orbit the Earth in 1957. However, she was not the first animal in space – two canines flew the first sub-orbital flight in 1951.“ Ham the Space Chimp” was the first hominid launched into space in 1961. 

1957年小狗莱卡成为第一个环绕地球轨道飞行的生物。然而,她并不是第一个进入太空的动物——两只犬科动物于 1951 年进行了第一次亚轨道飞行。而在1961年,“太空黑猩猩哈姆”成为发射到太空的第一只人科动物


Ham


Astronauts

宇航员们

The first astronaut team, comprised of seven men, was selected in 1959. Since then there has been a series of milestones in the history of human spaceflight.

1959年,由七人组成的第一支宇航员队伍诞生。从那时起,人类航天史上出现了一系列里程碑式的事件。


In 1961, Russian Yuri Gagarin was the first human to fly in space. In the same year, Alan Shepard became the first American to fly in space. In 1962, 77-year-old John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, and also the eldest Astronauts in the human history.

1961年,苏联宇航员尤里·加加林成为第一个在太空飞行的人类。同年,美国宇航员艾伦·谢泼德也完成了太空飞行。而在1962年,77岁的约翰·格伦成为第一个环绕地球飞行的美国人,同时也成为了历史上年龄最大的宇航员。


尤里·加加林


In 1963, Russian Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to fly in space. American Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the surface of the Moon. 

1963年,苏联宇航员瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃成为第一位进入太空的女性,而三年后,美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为了第一位踏上月球表面的人类。


阿姆斯特朗(左上)、约翰·格伦(右上)、瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃(左下)、艾伦·谢泼德(右下)


In 2003, Chinese first astronaut, Yang Liwei rode to orbit aboard a Shenzhou 5 capsule on top of a Long March family rocket (the Changzheng 2F). 

2003年,中国第一位宇航员——杨利伟乘坐长征系列火箭(长征 2F)运载的神舟五号飞船进入太空轨道。


杨利伟


Ordinary People

普通人

With the development of space technology, space travel now is more commercialized. Even nonprofessional astronauts can experience it. 

随着航天技术的发展,太空旅行变得更加商业化了。即使是非专业的宇航员现在也能翱翔于太空。


After three days orbiting Earth, Dragon and the Inspiration4 crew completed their first multi-day low Earth orbit mission and fundraising goal in 2021.

2021年,在绕地环行三天后,由SpaceX公司开发的”龙“飞船与“灵感4”任务机组顺利完成了首次多日近地轨道环绕任务以及飞行募捐任务。


In the crew, Jared Isaacman is the funder of Shift4 Payments; Hayley Arceneaux is a physician assistant at a hospital; Chris Sembroski is an aerospace data engineer, and Sian Proctor is a geoscientist.

机组中,艾萨克曼是Shift4 支付服务的创始人,阿森诺是医院里的一名医师助理。森布罗斯基是一名航空航天数据工程师,而普罗科特是一名地质科学家


“灵感4”任务机组成员


Actor Yulia Peresild and director Klim Shipenko rocketed to space on a mission to make the world’s first movie in orbit in 2021.

2021年,俄罗斯女演员尤利娅·别列希尔德和导演克里姆·司彭科飞往太空,执行世界上第一部在轨电影(《挑战》)拍摄任务。


Before Russia took the lead in feature filmmaking in space, NASA had talked to actor Tom Cruise about making a movie in orbit.

而在俄罗斯率先在太空中尝试电影制作之前,美国国家航空航天局也曾与演员汤姆·克鲁斯就在轨电影拍摄的问题进行过讨论。


俄罗斯太空电影《挑战》


结语

下一次登上太空的,又会是谁呢?



Word List


maize

( BrE ) ( NAmE also corn ) a tall plant grown for its large yellow grains that are used for making flour or eaten as a vegetable; the grains of this plant. 玉蜀黍;玉米


fanfare

a large amount of activity and discussion on television, in newspapers, etc. to celebrate sb/sth.(为庆祝而在媒体上的)喧耀

例:The product was launched amid much fanfare worldwide.


aerospace

the industry of building aircraft and vehicles and equipment to be sent into space.  航空航天(工业);航空航天技术

例:the aerospace industry 航空航天工业



原文链接:


https://history.nasa.gov/animals.html


https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/k-4/features/F_All_About_Astronauts.html


https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/photos/dogs-chimps-and-spiders-unusual-space-travelers/ss-AAuoA6m#image=6


https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik-timeline.html


https://www.thoughtco.com/chinese-space-program-4164018


https://www.spacex.com/launches/


https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-science-business-kazakhstan-anton-shkaplerov-aca1f3fac57a8033473d20fca577d628


https://spacecentre.co.uk/blog-post/plants-in-space/


案 | 程睿阳 陆之奕 徐倩倩 林衍辰 李乾

排版 | 程睿阳 



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