编者按
■
新冠疫情仍未结束，出于安全考虑，更多人选择了接种新冠疫苗。然而接种疫苗后，是否可以达到万无一失？个人防疫措施还是必须的吗？
起因
Vaccination, face coverings and physical distancing are essential parts of a team effort against the coronavirus.
疫苗接种、面部防护和保持社交距离是抗击新冠病毒最重要的三种方式。
戴着外科口罩和面罩的医生在新冠病房的特写镜头
As an emergency physician, Dr. Eugenia South was in the first group of people to receive a covid vaccine. She received her second dose last week — even before President-elect Joe Biden.
作为急诊科医生，尤金尼亚·南是第一批接受新冠疫苗的人之一。在拜登当选总统之前，她就已经接种了第二针疫苗。
然而南表示，她并不着急摘下口罩。
"I honestly don't think I'll ever go without a mask at work again," said South, faculty director of the Urban Health Lab at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. "I don't think I'll ever feel safe doing that."
"事实上，我认为我在工作中会坚持佩戴口罩，"作为费城宾夕法尼亚大学城市健康实验室教务主任的南说，"我觉得放弃口罩会令我感到很不安。"
健康专家也表示，我们有充分的理由去像南一样继续佩戴口罩。
"Masks and social distancing will need to continue into the foreseeable future — until we have some level of herd immunity," said Dr. Preeti Malani, chief health officer at the University of Michigan.
密歇根大学首席卫生官普雷迪·马拉尼博士说："在可预见的将来，我们都需要继续口罩和保持社交距离——直到我们获得一定程度的群体免疫。"
—
细论
Malani and other health experts explained five reasons Americans should hold on to their masks
马拉尼和其他健康专家解释了美国人应该坚持戴口罩的五个原因：
No vaccine is 100% effective.
没有疫苗是100%有效的
Large clinical trials found that two doses of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines prevented 95% of illnesses caused by the coronavirus. While those results are impressive, 1 in 20 people are left unprotected, said Dr. Tom Frieden, a former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
大型临床试验发现，Moderna和辉瑞疫苗可预防95％的由冠状病毒引起的疾病。疾病控制和预防中心前主任汤姆·费登博士说，虽然这个数据令人欣慰，但这也意味着每20个人中就有1个人没有受到疫苗的保护。
The effectiveness of covid vaccines could be affected by the way they're handled, Malani said. The genetic material used in mRNA vaccines — made with messenger RNA from the coronavirus — is so fragile that it has to be carefully stored and transported. Any variation from the CDC's strict guidance could influence how well vaccines work, Malani said.
马拉尼说，新冠疫苗的有效性可能受到其运输方式的影响。mRNA疫苗中使用的遗传物质是用冠状病毒的信使RNA制成，而这种物质非常脆弱，必须小心储存和运输。即便疾病预防控制中心有严格的指导，但任何微小的差异都可能影响疫苗的效果。
People wearing face masks walk past a sign requiring masks at a restaurant along the River Walk in San Antonio, Texas.
在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市，人们戴着口罩走过河边一家餐馆设立的要求戴口罩入内的牌子。
Vaccines don't provide immediate protection.
疫苗并不能提供即刻的保护
No vaccine is effective right away, Malani said. It takes about two weeks for the immune system to make the antibodies that block viral infections.
马拉尼说，没有一种疫苗是接种后立即有效的。免疫系统需要大概两周的时间才能产生阻止病毒感染的抗体。
而比起其他种类（例如流感病毒）的疫苗，新冠疫苗则需要更长的时间才能起效。Moderna和辉瑞都需要接种两剂疫苗，两剂疫苗的间隔时间也不尽相同，辉瑞疫苗的间隔为三周，Moderna则需要四周。
In other words, full protection won't arrive until five or six weeks after the first shot. So, a person vaccinated on New Year's Day won't be fully protected until Valentine's Day.
换句话说，直到接种第一剂疫苗5-6周后，疫苗的保护作用才能完全被发挥。所以，假如一个人在元旦接种了疫苗，那么直到情人节他才能得到充分的保护。
Covid vaccines may not prevent you from spreading the virus.
疫苗可能不会阻止你传播病毒
"While covid vaccines clearly prevent illness, researchers need more time to figure out whether they prevent transmission, too."said Saskia Popescu, an assistant professor in the biodefense program at George Mason University's Schar School.
乔治梅森大学生物防御项目的助理教授萨斯基亚•波佩斯库说：“虽然新冠疫苗可以预防疾病，但研究人员需要更多的时间来弄清楚它们是否也能防止传播。”
"We don't yet know if the vaccine protects against infection, or only against illness," said Frieden, now CEO of Resolve to Save Lives, a global public health initiative. "In other words, a vaccinated person might still be able to spread the virus, even if they don't feel sick."
“我们还不知道疫苗是预防感染，还是仅仅预防疾病，”Frieden说。他现在是全球公共卫生倡议“拯救生命决心”的首席执行官。“换言之，接种疫苗的人可能仍然能够传播病毒，即使他们并没有感到不适。”
弗里登说：”在研究人员能够回答这个问题之前，戴口罩是接种疫苗的人保护身边人的最安全方式。”
Masks protect people with compromised immune systems.
口罩保护免疫系统受损的人
People with cancer are at particular risk from covid. Studies show they're more likely than others to become infected and die from the virus, but may not be protected by vaccines.
患有癌症的人尤其易患covid。研究表明，他们比其他人更容易感染病毒甚至死亡，但他们可能得不到疫苗的保护。
Cancer patients are vulnerable in multiple ways. Doctors don't know much about how people with cancer will respond to vaccines, because they were excluded from randomized trials, Lyman said. Only a handful of study participants were diagnosed with cancer after enrolling. Among those people, covid vaccines protected only 76%.
癌症患者在很多方面都很脆弱。莱曼说，医生不太清楚癌症患者对疫苗的反应，因为患者往往被排除在随机试验之外。只有少数研究参与者在注册后被诊断为癌症。在这些人中，新冠疫苗只保护了76%。
Some people aren't able to be vaccinated.While most people with allergies can receive covid vaccines safely, the CDC advises those who have had severe allergic reactions to vaccine ingredients, to avoid vaccination.
有些人不能接种疫苗。虽然大多数过敏症患者可以安全地接种新冠疫苗，但CDC建议那些对疫苗成分有严重过敏反应的人避免接种疫苗。
莱曼鼓励人们继续戴口罩，以保护那些癌症患者和其他过敏人群。
Masks protect against any strain of the coronavirus
口罩可以抵御任何一种新冠病毒毒株
Global health leaders are extremely concerned about new genetic variants of the coronavirus, which appear to be at least 50% more contagious than the original.
全球卫生领导人极为关注冠状病毒的新基因变体，这种病毒的传染性似乎比原来的至少高出50%。
One thing is clear: Public health measures — such as avoiding crowds, physical distancing and masks — reduce the risk of contracting all strains of the coronavirus, as well as other respiratory diseases, Frieden said. For example, the number of flu cases worldwide has been dramatically lower since countries began asking citizens to stay home and wear masks.
弗里登说，有一点很清楚：避免人群、身体距离和戴口罩等公共卫生措施，可以降低感染所有冠状病毒株以及其他呼吸道疾病的风险。例如，自从各国开始要求公民呆在家里戴口罩以来，全世界的流感病例数量已经大大减少。
奥菲特说：“结束疫情的最好方式，不是在口罩、物理隔离和疫苗之间做出选择，而是将它们结合起来。”这三种方式综合使用才最有效。
尾声
"I think beyond simply the viral transmission, wearing a mask can just be a symbol," he said. "It can show people that you are committed to the cause, that you're committed to fighting Covid-19 as a community...committed to protecting other people's lives and their children's lives and their families' lives...committed to having a strong economy open when we're fully ready."
医生说："我认为除了防止病毒传播，戴口罩还是一种象征。"他说道，"它可以向人们表明，你致力于这项事业，致力于作为一个共同体与新冠病毒作斗争……致力于保护他人的生命、他们子女的生命和他们家庭的生命……致力于在我们完全准备就绪的情况下开放一个强大的经济。”
"We are so close to the finish line, and that's the most tragic part of it all. If you just hang in there for a bit longer, we'll put an end to this pandemic," she said.
“行百里者半九十。只要你再坚持一会儿，我们终将战胜这场流行病。”
原文链接：https://www.salon.com/2021/01/17/5-reasons-to-wear-a-mask-even-after-youre-vaccinated_partner/
ndate-states-coronavirus-pandemic/index.html
—
编译 | 马嘉琪 刘睿琪 王奕涵 陈语姝
排版 | 陈语姝