Curators of Ukrainian museums are facing a set of heartwrenching logistical issues: How do you protect the treasures of your country in the midst of horrific bombardment by missile strikes? What decisions do you make to save art when your employees and your loved ones are unsafe?
乌克兰的博物馆策展人们正面临着一系列令人心碎的文化遗产保护问题：在恐怖的导弹轰炸中，如何保护国家的宝藏？无法保障员工和亲人的人身安全时，怎样才能保障文物的完好无损？
Kyiv’s Museum of Freedom
Kyiv’s Museum of Freedom, which was founded in 2014 to memorialize the nation’s pro-democracy movement, had a collection of 4,000 objects recording Ukraine’s pro-democracy movement. Since the National Museum requires government permission to transport its collections abroad, and it takes time to submit such an application, the museum makes an application very early in times of tension, but still hadn’t been approved to act when the invasion began and is now working to find secure storage facilities within the city.
基辅自由博物馆创立于2014年，旨在纪念乌克兰的民主运动，收藏了4000件记录乌克兰民主运动的物品。由于国家博物馆需要政府许可才可将藏品运往国外，而提交此类申请需要时间，在局势紧张时，馆方很早就提出了申请，但在入侵开始时仍未获准采取行动。目前，博物馆方正在基辅寻找安全的文物储存设施。
"Our museum is evidence of Ukraine’s fight for freedom," director Ihor Poshyvailo told the New York Times. "Of course I’m fearful."
“我们博物馆是乌克兰为自由而战的见证，因此（面对战争）我十分担心。”馆长Ihor Poshyvailo说。
Kyiv's Mystetskyi Arsenal
National Art and Culture Museum
*基辅军器厂博物馆艺术长廊
Mystetskyi Arsenal in Kiev, used to be a factory geared for perpetual war, with perfectly equipped museum space for its permanent collection and temporary projects, public library and museum shop has become one of the largest museum complexesin Eastern Europe.
曾经是长期战备军工厂的基辅军器厂博物馆拥有设备齐全的馆藏空间，可用于文物的永久保藏、大型展览的举办、公共图书馆和博物馆商店的经营。如今，基辅军器厂博物馆已成为东欧最大的博物馆综合体之一。
"At our museum, we should now be preparing for the 11th annual Book Arsenal Festival to be held this May," wrote the director general of Kyiv's Mystetskyi Arsenal National Art and Culture Museum on Friday in an editorial. "But instead our team must focus our efforts to ensure the safety of our staff and our families, as well as guard our collection and our museum objects: paintings, graphics, and fine art.
军器厂博物馆总干事周五在一篇社论中写道：“我们本该在准备今年5月举行的第11届年度图书节，然而，我们的团队必须集中精力确保我们的员工和家人的安全，并守护我们的藏品和文物：彩绘、壁画、工艺品等。”
*摄于2021年阿森纳图书节
"My heart goes out to her," says Patty Gerstenblith. She's a law professor at DePaul University, the founding president of the Lawyers Committee for Cultural Heritage Preservation and all too familiar with the panic experienced by curators in the first throes of war.
“我由衷地敬佩她。”Patty Gerstenblith说。她是德保罗大学的法学教授，也是文化遗产保护律师委员会的创始主席，她对博物馆策展人在战争初期所经历的恐慌再熟悉不过了。
"I hope that they certainly, the people themselves, the curators and other arts professionals, others involved in cultural heritage feel that they themselves, first and foremost, are safe," she told NPR, before laying out the professional challenges facing Ukrainian curators, beginning with the starkest: the immediate danger of damage and destruction that's caused incalculable damage in Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria.
“我希望无论是当地百姓、策展人，还是其他从事艺术或文物保护相关工作的人员，都把自己的生命安全放在首位，” Gerstenblith告诉NPR，接着她一五一十地列出乌克兰策展人面临的专业性挑战——从最严峻的开始：战火曾对伊拉克、阿富汗和叙利亚造成无法估量的文化损毁，而如今乌克兰和这种危机近在咫尺。
"Particularly in indiscriminate bombing," she says. "My understanding is that Russia is using cruise missiles and other types of aerial bombardments, including in civilian areas, which is clearly prohibited by international law. So, the museums and other cultural institutions are clearly at risk, whether they're being targeted [or not]."
“特别是在无差别的轰炸中，这些文化遗产岌岌可危。”她强调，“俄罗斯正在包括平民区在内的地区使用巡航导弹和其他类型的空中轰炸，这是国际法明确禁止的。因此，无论博物馆和其他文化机构是否为俄军的目标，它们都显然处于危险之中。”
"Ukraine has a pretty well-known historical tradition in folklore," adds Brian Daniels, director of research and programs for the Penn Cultural Heritage Center at the University of Pennsylvania Museum. " And you know, I'm very fearful for those institutions, especially because there is a certain kind of ideological conflict going on here as well, in which museums are going to be implicated."
宾夕法尼亚大学博物馆文化遗产中心研究和项目主任Brian Daniels补充道：“乌克兰在民俗学方面有着享誉盛名的悠久历史。我非常担心这些机构，尤其担心博物馆会因为这些民俗文物中固有的意识形态冲突而深陷战火。”
While particularly at-risk Ukrainian works should be evacuated, the sad truth is that it's probably too late at this point for most of them to be transferred to safer parts of the country or abroad. "We're simply beyond the point where that's feasible," Daniels says.
尽管这些面临危险的乌克兰文物亟待转移，现实却是残酷的——如今想将大部分文物转移到国内更安全的地方或国外可能为时已晚。“我们已经错过了文物转移的最佳时机，”Daniels说。
Lviv Municipal Art Center
Located in a neo-Gothic building on Stefanyka street, the western Ukraine city of Lviv has opened its first Municipal Art Centre; the space simple and functional with a small multimedia library (complete with turntable, vinyl and rare publications), lecture hall, and a zone to indulge in a spot of reading, working or simply to unwind.
乌克兰西部的利沃夫市成立了第一个市艺术中心。它是一座新哥特式建筑，内部空间极简实用。设有一个小型多媒体图书馆，里面有黑胶唱机、唱片和一些珍贵的书籍。艺术中心还配有大讲堂和一个供沉浸式阅读、办公和放松的区域。
“Thanks to the people involved in creativity and art, this space will be convenient for free and courageous people. I am glad that it would represent the city and serve for the development of art, culture and Lviv.” Explains architect Hrystya Badzyan.
“感谢那些有创造力和艺术造诣的人们，这个艺术中心将会向所有向往自由和勇气的人们敞开大门。它将成为利沃夫的象征并且服务于艺术和文化甚至整个城市的发展。”建筑师Hrystya Badzyan说。
The Lviv Municipal Art Center has opened its doors for those who have fled the war zone, “transforming into a place of temporary respite for displaced people and for all those who require psychological calm,” according to an Instagram post. The institution has coffee, tea, cookies, and cats, and will help refugees find temporary lodging in the city by putting them in touch with representatives of the district council.
利沃夫市立艺术中心为那些逃离战区的人敞开了大门，一则Instagram写道：“这里是流离失所者和所有需要平复心情的人的灵魂喘息驿站”。该机构提供咖啡，茶，饼干和猫，并将与区议会代表联系帮助难民在城市中找到临时住所。
原文链接：
https://www.npr.org/2022/02/25/1083074854/ukraine-cultural-treasures-museums-curators
https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ukrainian-museums-under-invasion-2078113
https://www.we-heart.com/2021/02/10/lviv-municipal-art-center/
https://destinations.com.ua/art/mystetskyi-arsenal-national-art-and-culture-museum-in-kiev
https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/russia-ukraine-war-medieval-monuments-priceless-art-world-heritage-sites-at-risk-of-destruction/2449954/
编译|丁哲宇 肖圣育 周奕言
排版|周奕言