BBFC tightens rules over
racist language in films
Tighter rules on the use of the N-word and other discriminatory language is being adopted by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC).
英国电影分级委员会（BBFC）目前目前正采取更严格的规定，限制N字词汇和其他侮辱性词汇的使用。
“N字词汇”包括"nigger", "nigga"和"negro"等针对黑人的侮辱性词汇，为国际公认的种族歧视词汇。
Following new research carried out by the BBFC, it said it was now "highly unlikely" content including the N-word would be classified lower than 12A/12.
该规定发布于BBFC进行的一项新研究之后，强调了如今包含N字词汇的影片“几乎不可能”再被划分为12/12A以下级别。
12A分级针对院线电影，表示12岁以下的儿童不能观看；12分级针对影视录影带等视频，表示12岁以下的儿童不能租借、购买或观看。
Racist language in older films, however, may be given a PG (Parental guidance suggested – Some material may not be suitable for children) rating.
不过，含有种族歧视台词的影片可能会被划分到PG级（建议在家长陪同下观看---部分内容也许不适合儿童）
But that would only be allowed if the language was "contextually justified" i.e. with historical context.
但这类语言必须是“符合语境”的，即具有特定历史背景的。
The BBFC also said that from now on it would use the phrase "an actor in make-up portraying a different ethnicity" or similar rather than the term "blackface".
BBFC同时表示，未来将使用“扮演不同种族的化妆演员”或者其他类似说法来代替“黑脸”这一词汇。
“blackface”，黑脸，指19世纪普及的一种白人演员将脸涂黑饰演黑人的化妆形式。它在旧时加剧了对黑人群体的种族偏见，如今被公认为是种族歧视行为。
一场意义匪浅的影视改革
The regulator, which is responsible for the age ratings for films in the UK, conducted research with 70 participants and intentionally over-represented a number of minority groups in order to understand the impact of discriminatory content on those most directly affected by it.
该负责英国电影年龄分级的监管机构对70名参与者进行了研究。BBFC有意提高了少数群体在参与者中的占比，希望籍此了解电影中的侮辱性词汇对那些被直接侮辱的对象的影响。
The findings suggested that people didn't think that older films and TV shows necessarily needed higher age ratings if they contain outdated behaviour or language, but they wanted to be warned about potentially offensive words or portrayals.
研究结果表明，参与者认为，过去的影视作品中即便包含过时的言行，也不一定要对其设置更高的年龄限制。但如果有些影视作品中暗含冒犯性的词汇或呈现方式，参与者希望事先有所预警。
The research found that some people, particularly parents, believed there was value in showing children examples of racism and discrimination so they were aware of behaviour and attitudes they may experience or witness in real life.
研究发现，一些人，尤其是父母，认为向孩子展示种族主义和歧视方面的实例是有价值的，这样当孩子们在现实生活中经历或目睹此类行为和态度时，能够有清晰的认识。
The BBFC said people, particularly parents, wanted content warnings so they could make informed decisions.
BBFC表示，人们，尤其是父母，希望影视作品标注相关内容警示，便于受众进行明智甄选。
David Austin, chief executive of the BBFC, said: "We must always assess the context in which content appears, especially with regards to the factors that may support a higher classification or help defend a lower one.
BBFC的首席执行官David Austin表示：“对于影视作品中所呈现内容的历史背景，尤其是其中那些可能影响作品分级高低的因素，我们必须由始至终地审慎评定。”
"Violent and threatening behaviour, or use of particularly offensive language, will always aggravate an instance of discriminatory or racist behaviour," he added.
Austin补充说：“在影视作品中呈现暴力和具有威胁性的行为，或使用高度冒犯性语言，总会激化歧视和种族主义等恶行。”
迪士尼也曾为平权做过相关调整
Last year, Disney also updates content warning for racism in its classic films.
去年，迪士尼也对其电影中的种族主义发布了警告。
A content advisory notice for racism in classic Disney films, in place since last year, has been updated with a strengthened message.
从去年开始迪士尼就在经典电影中更新并强化了关于种族歧视的内容公告。
When played on the Disney+ streaming service, films such as Dumbo, Peter Pan and Jungle Book now flash up with a warning about stereotypes.
现在在迪士尼流媒体服务器上播放《小飞象》、《彼得潘》和《森林王子》都会弹出关于刻板印象的警告提示。
"This programme includes negative depictions and/or mistreatment of people or cultures," the warning says. "These stereotypes were wrong then and are wrong now."
该警告称“该节目中包含对种族或文化的负面描述和/或侮辱”，“这些刻板印象无论在现在还是过去都是错误的。”
The message adds that rather than remove the content, "we want to acknowledge its harmful impact, learn from it and spark conversation to create a more inclusive future together".
这条信息中补充说，“与其删除这些内容，我们更希望承认其有害影响，从中吸取教训，并引发更深的思考和讨论，共同创造一个更包容的未来。”
Other films to carry the warning are The Aristocats, which shows a cat in "yellow-face" playing the piano with chopsticks, and Peter Pan, where Native Americans are referred to by the racist slur "redskins".
其他带有警告的电影还有《猫儿历险记》，在这部影片中有一只“黄脸”的猫用筷子弹钢琴。此外，在电影《彼得潘》中，印第安人被蔑称为“红皮肤人”。
The disclaimer read: "This programme is presented as originally created. It may contain outdated cultural depictions.
免责声明中写道：“本节目以初版形式呈现，可能含有过时的文化描述。”
Some films, such as Song of the South, are not available to stream on Disney+ at all because of racism.
包括《南方之歌》在内的一些电影因为种族歧视问题，根本无法在Disney+流媒体平台播放。
Racism and stereotypes
in classic Disney films
Lady and the Tramp (1955): Two Siamese cats, Si and Am, are depicted with anti-Asian stereotypes. There is also a scene at a dog pound where heavily-accented dogs all portray the stereotypes of the countries their breeds are from - such as Pedro the Mexican Chihuahua, and Boris the Russian Borzoi.
《小姐与流浪汉》（1955年）：名叫Si和Am的两只暹罗猫表现出反亚裔的刻板印象。
还有在流浪狗收容所的一幕：口音浓重的狗都展现着它们所属国家的刻板印象，比如墨西哥吉娃娃Pedro和俄罗斯狼犬Boris。
The Aristocats (1970): A Siamese cat called Shun Gon, voiced by a white actor, is drawn as a racist caricature of an Asian person. He plays the piano with chopsticks.
《猫儿历险记》（1970）：由白人配音的暹罗猫ShunGon被刻画成具有讽刺意味和种族主义的漫画式亚裔形象——它用筷子弹钢琴。
Dumbo (1941): A group of crows that help Dumbo learn how to fly have exaggerated stereotypical black voices. The lead crow is called Jim Crow - a reference to a set of racist segregationist laws in the southern US at the time - and he is voiced by a white actor, Cliff Edwards.
《小飞象》（1941）：一群帮助小飞象学习如何飞行的乌鸦,夸张地模仿了人们刻板印象中黑人的嗓音。领头的乌鸦叫吉姆·克劳（Jim Crow），这个名字与美国南部一部一套种族主义者涉及种族隔离的法律有关。该角色由白人演员Cliff Edwards配音。
Jungle Book (1968): The character of King Louie, an ape with poor linguistic skills, sings in a Dixieland jazz style and is shown as lazy. The character has been criticised for being a racist caricature of African-Americans
《森林王子》（1968）：电影角色国王路易是一个语言能力很糟糕的大猩猩，他唱着迪克西兰爵士曲风的歌曲，展现出慵懒的样子。这个角色受到了批评，被认为是对美国黑人的种族主义讽刺。
迪克西兰爵士：一种起源于美国南部的爵士乐
Peter Pan (1953): The film refers to Native people as "redskins", a racist slur. Peter and the Lost Boys also dance in headdresses, which Disney now says is a "form of mockery and appropriation of Native peoples' culture and imagery". The appropriation of new knowledge through creativity.
《彼得潘》（1953）：电影把北美原住民称为“红皮肤人”，这是一个种族主义蔑称。彼得潘还和“失落的男孩们”带着头饰跳舞。迪士尼现在认为这是一种对土著人文化与形象的拙劣模仿和蓄意扭曲。
Song of the South (1946): One of Disney's most controversial movies, which has never been released on video or DVD in the US. Its depiction of plantation worker Uncle Remus perpetuates an old racist myth that slaves were happy in the cotton fields.
《南方之歌》（1946）：迪士尼最具争议性的电影之一，从未在美国境内以录像带或光盘形式发行。电影对种植园劳工Remus叔叔的描述固化了一个旧种族主义谬传，称黑奴在棉花田里劳作很愉快。
难点词汇
aggravate : make worse
vt.加重；使严重；使恶化；(尤指故意地)激怒，惹恼
例：His illness was aggravated by anxiety.
caricature：a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect
n. 漫画艺术；滑稽或讽刺的模仿艺术
例：The film gives a crude caricature of African history.
appropriation：Appropriation of something that belongs to someone else is the act of taking it, usually without having the right to do so.
n. 非法占用，挪用，盗用
例: People in Japan have reacted with anger and have accused Kardashian of cultural appropriation.
perpetuate：cause to continue
v.使持续
例：They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
原文链接
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54566087
https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-59473980
编译 | 蒋祖儿 郝喜桓 黄怡涛 谢曈 周奕言
排版 | 周奕言
