齐刘海与柳叶眉：
一名杰出女性的专属硬币
左：2022年新发行的印有黄柳霜肖像的25美分硬币；右：1934年黄柳霜为《莱姆豪斯蓝调》（“Limehouse Blues”）拍摄的宣传肖像 图源：mp.weixin.qq.com
全文字数：2984字 / 阅读时间：9分钟
More than 60 years after Anna May Wong became the first Asian American woman to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the pioneering actor has coined another first, quite literally.
六十年前，黄柳霜成为第一个在好莱坞星光大道上留名的亚裔女星——六十年后，这位先驱演员再次创造了一项先例。
注释：好莱坞星光大道(Hollywood Walk of Fame)建于1958年，是条沿美国好莱坞大道与藤街伸展的人行道，上面有2000多颗镶有好莱坞名人姓名的星形奖章，以纪念他们对娱乐工业的贡献。1960年2月8日，已经息影的影星黄柳霜的名字出现在好莱坞星光大道的星图上，成为第一个在星光大道上留名的华裔女星。
图源：new.qq.com
With quarters bearing her face and manicured hand have set to start shipping on Oct. 24, Wong has become the first Asian American to grace U.S. currency. The coin is the fifth design of the American Women Quarters Program, which highlights female pioneers on coins: previous designs featured astronaut Sally Ride, activist and poet Maya Angelou, the first woman chief of the Cherokee Nation Wilma Mankiller and the suffragist Nina Otero-Warren.
印有黄柳霜头像及其修长手指的25美分硬币已经在10月24日发行，黄柳霜成为了美国货币上的首个亚裔面孔。这款硬币是“杰出美国女性铸币计划”中的第五款。该计划旨在纪念女性先驱者。在黄柳霜之前还有几位女性形象已经出现在了硬币上，包括第一位进入太空的美国女性萨莉·莱德（Sally Ride），社会活动家和诗人玛雅·安杰洛（Maya Angelou），切罗基族第一位女性酋长威尔玛·曼基勒(Wilma Mankiller)和妇女参政论者尼娜·奥特罗-沃伦（Nina Otero-Warren）。
“杰出美国女性铸币计划”的五名女性 图源：www.usmint.gov
Arthur Dong, the author of “Hollywood Chinese,” said the quarter feels like a validation of not just of Wong’s contributions, but of all Asian Americans’. A star on the Walk of Fame is huge, but being on U.S. currency is a whole other stratosphere of renown.
《好莱坞华人》的编导曾奕田（Arthur Dong）说，“这款25美分硬币不仅是对黄柳霜个人所做贡献的认可，更是对所有亚裔的认可。能留名星光大道已能证明一位明星在演艺事业取得的成就和荣誉，而被印刻于硬币之上则代表了更高一层的殊荣。”
歧视、曲折、前进：
好莱坞亚裔女星的星光之路
1937年，黄柳霜向国际友人介绍中国的华丽旗袍。
图源：1937年 好莱坞华裔女星 黄柳霜介绍中国旗袍_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
图源：finance.sina.com.cn
Born in Los Angeles in 1905, Wong started acting during the silent film era. While her career trajectory coincided with Hollywood’s first Golden Age, things were not so golden for Wong.
黄柳霜出生于1905年，发迹于美国的默片时代。那段与好莱坞首个黄金时代并行的事业发展阶段，却是她演艺生涯的低谷期。
注释：默片时代（silent film era）20世纪初期至中期，早期电影只有画面没有声音。
1930年电影《爱之火》剧照 图源：网络
She got her first big role in 1922 in “The Toll of the Sea,” according to Dong’s book. Despite being considered one of the most beautiful female actors in Hollywood, Wong was never cast as a romantic lead as laws prohibited people of different races from kissing on-screen, reported the New York Times. For several years, she was stuck receiving offers only for femme fatale or Asian “dragon lady” roles.
曾奕田的书中写道，黄柳霜在1922年的影片《海逝》（“The Toll of the Sea”）中首任女主角。纽约时报称，虽然被誉为“好莱坞最美的女演员之一”，她却从没有机会饰演爱情电影女主角，因为当时的美国法律禁止其他人种的演员在荧幕上上演吻戏。许多年间，她都只能扮演一些蛇蝎美人或者是亚洲“龙女”的角色。
注释：“龙女”可以指电影《龙女》（“Daughter of the Dragon”）中的角色——亚洲恐怖女领袖，该形象带有当时的好莱坞对于亚裔的偏见，认为亚洲人是残忍狡猾、生性卑劣的。
1931年黄柳霜穿着异域风情的服装 图源：www.360kuai.com
To escape the racist limitations of Hollywood, Wong traveled to Europe where she found greater opportunities acting in English, German and French films, but Wong was back in the U.S. by the early 1930s and again cast as characters reliant on tropes that would hardly be tolerated today. These roles included the untrustworthy daughter of Fu Manchu in “Daughter of the Dragon” and a sex worker in “Shanghai Express.” But in 1938, she got to play a more humanized, sympathetic Chinese American doctor in “King of Chinatown.”
由于不愿再屈从于好莱坞泛滥的种族歧视，黄柳霜决定去欧洲闯荡。她的演艺事业在那里大放异彩，获得了大量出演英国、德国和法国电影的机会。但是黄柳霜在30年代早期重返美国影坛，出演了一些在今天也不能被接受的桥段。其中的角色包括电影《龙女》（Daughter of the Dragon）中傅满洲不靠谱的女儿，《上海快车》（"Shanghai Express"）中的妓女。不过她的演艺生涯在1938年迎来了转机，在《唐人街之王》（"King of Chinatown"）中她饰演了一个颇具人情味、富有同情心的美籍华裔医生。
《唐人街之王》(“King of Chinatown”)剧照
图源：baike.baidu.com
“(‘King of Chinatown’) was part of this multi-picture deal at Paramount that gave her more control, more say in the types of films she was going to be participating in,” he said. “For a Chinese American woman to have that kind of multi-picture deal at Paramount, that was quite outstanding.”
“派拉蒙（Paramount）公司与她签订了一份涵盖多部电影的合同，而《唐人街之王》就是其中一部。这份电影合同让黄柳霜掌握了更多的主动权，对于参演的电影类型也拥有了更多的发言权，” 曾奕田说道，“对于一名美籍华裔女性来说，能够与派拉蒙签订这种电影合同，实在是非常难得的。”
In 1960, Wong was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. But She died on Feb. 2, 1961 because of illness, when actor Lucy Liu became the second Asian American woman to earn a Hollywood star, in 2019, she lauded Wong as a “pioneer while enduring racism, marginalization, and exclusion”.
1960年，黄柳霜荣登好莱坞星光大道。次年二月，她因病去世。2019年，演员刘玉玲成为第二位留名星光大道的亚裔美籍女性， 她称赞黄柳霜是“冲破种族主义、排外主义和边缘化藩篱的时代先驱”。
左为演员刘玉玲；右为黄柳霜 图源：网络
打破刻板印象：
平等与进步的时代先驱
黄柳霜肖像，拍摄于大约1937年 图源：mp.weixin.qq.com
Wong called for greater representation of Asian people in Hollywood and challenged stereotypical depictions at a time when “yellowface” dominated the industry and the Chinese Exclusion Act was still law.
在那个“排华浪潮”仍被认为合法，“华人”被认为抢占了当地人产业的年代，黄柳霜致力于提升亚裔演员在好莱坞的比重，希望扭转人们的偏见和刻板印象 。
“Why is it that the screen Chinese is nearly always the villain of the piece, and so cruel a villain – murderous, treacherous, a snake in the grass,” Wong said in a 1933 interview with the Los Angeles Times. “We are not like that.”
她在1933年接受《洛杉矶时报》采访时说：“为什么银幕上的中国人总是影片中的反派，而且是残忍的反派——就像草丛中的蛇一样凶残、奸诈？我们不是那样的人。”
The juxtaposition of that film with her other roles is the focus of one day in a monthlong program, “Hollywood Chinese: The First 100 Years,” that Dong is curating at the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in November.
今年十一月份，曾奕田将在洛杉矶奥斯卡电影博物馆（Academy Museum of Motion Pictures）举行为期一个月的展览，其主题为《好莱坞与中国：第一个百年》。除电影《唐人街之王》以外，黄柳霜出演的其他电影也将在某一天成为展览的焦点。
“我们仍在争取权利，
我们仍在谋求进步”
1936年黄柳霜第一次也是唯一一次回国在江苏南京 图源：new.qq.com
Bing Chen, co-founder of the nonprofit Gold House— focused on elevating representation and empowerment of Asian and Asian American content — called the new quarter “momentous.” He praised Wong as a star “for generations.”
非营利组织Gold House的创始人之一陈冰（Bing Chen）致力于争取亚洲和亚裔文化在美国社会的发展机会，提升亚洲文化在美国社会的地位。她认为新发行的25美分硬币“意义重大”，并称赞黄柳霜为“经久不衰”的明星。
But at the same time, he highlighted how anti-Asian hate incidents and the lack of representation in media still persist.
同时，他强调了美国社会中仍然存在歧视和仇恨亚裔的社会事件，社会中也依然缺少代表亚裔群体的媒体声音。
“In a slate of years when Asian women have faced extensive challenges — from being attacked to objectified on screen to being the least likely group to be promoted to corporate management — this currency reinforces what many of us have known all along: (they’re) here and worthy,” Chen said in a statement. “It’s impossible to forget, though, as a hyphenated community, that Asian Americans constantly struggle between being successful and being seen.”
陈冰在一份声明中表示：“在过去几年里，亚洲女性面临着广泛的挑战——从被攻击，到在银幕上被物化，再到成为“最不可能被提升为企业管理层的群体”——这个25美分的硬币强化了我们许多人一直以来的认识：亚裔在美国社会值得被关注和认可。但是，作为一个移民群体，我们不可能忘记，亚裔美国人在取得成功和受到关注的路上步履维艰。”
“For them to see an Asian American woman on a coin, I think it’d be really powerful for them. It’s a dramatic symbol of how we are so integral to American society yet still seen in stereotypical ways,” he said. “But my parents will look at this. They will be pleasantly surprised and proud.”
他说：“在硬币上看到一个亚裔美国女性对他们来说极富感染力和号召力。这是一种戏剧性的象征，表明我们似乎已经高度融入了美国社会，但他人仍然以充满刻板印象的眼光看待我们。但我的父母看到这枚硬币，一定会为此感到惊喜和自豪。”
To sum it up, Chen said, it’s a huge step: “Nothing is more Americanthan our money.”
陈冰说，总而言之，这是一个巨大的进步——“没有什么比美金更具美国特色了。”
2020年谷歌上关于黄柳霜的漫画涂鸦 图源：网络
重点词汇
1）tropes
is a storytelling device or convention, a shortcut for describing situations the storyteller can reasonably assume the audience will recognize.在文中指代桥段，是一种讲故事的技巧或者传统手法，也是描述一种场景比较快捷有效的方式。
例句：Tropes are not the same thing as cliches. They may be brand new but seem trite and hackneyed; they may be thousands of years old but seem fresh and new.
链接：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/35374f22c03a
2）hyphenated
designate foreign-born citizens of United States. 出生在国外的美国人，文中指代移民群体。
例句：How do we end the ethnic fragmentation that is making us an increasingly hyphenated people?
3）femme fatale
(from French) a very beautiful woman that men find sexually attractive but who brings them trouble or unhappiness 祸水红颜；蛇蝎美人
例句：In the 1994 movie "The Last Seduction", a femme fatale coaxes her lover into killing her husband for money.
原文链接：
https://apnews.com/article/anna-may-wong-quarter-1c0440bca15d685fd5e7e8f9925af750
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/oct/19/anna-may-wong-first-asian-american-us-quarters
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/oct/19/anna-may-wong-hollywood-legacy-us-currency
编译 | 虞佳盟 张若楠 吾丽巴丽亚 玛迪娜
排版 | 虞佳盟 玛迪娜
