全世界都在呼吁：
女性生命怎能轻于一条头巾？
Worldwide protests were being held on Saturday in solidarity with the growing uprising in Iran demanding greater freedom and protesting against the death of Mahsa Amini following her arrest by Iranian morality police.
上周六，全世界都在举行抗议活动，声援伊朗日益高涨的抗议。人们要求获得更多自由，并对玛莎·阿米尼（Mahsa Amini）被伊朗道德警察逮捕后不幸身亡的结局表示抗议。
Demonstrations under the slogan “Women, life, liberty” took place in many major cities, including Auckland, London, Melbourne, New York, Paris, Rome, Seoul, Stockholm, Sydney and Zurich.
在"女性、生命、自由 "的口号下，世界范围许多大城市发生了示威活动，包括奥克兰、伦敦、墨尔本、纽约、巴黎、罗马、首尔、斯德哥尔摩、悉尼和苏黎世。
Dozens of people have been killed – tolls from human rights groups and Iranian state media range between 40 and 83. At least 1,500 have been arrested, according to the Associated Press.
伊朗已有数十人（人权机构和伊朗官方媒体的数据范围为40-83人）在抗议中丧生。据美联社报道，有至少1500人被捕。
The protests are the most serious in the country since 2019, when demonstrations erupted over a government hike in the price of gasoline.
此次抗议是自2019年政府上调汽油价格引发的示威活动以来，在这个国家发生的最严重的抗议活动。
9月19日，在德黑兰市中心的抗议活动中，一辆警方摩托车被烧毁。（图源AP）
01
What happened in Iran?
伊朗发生了什么？
流亡的伊朗人举着玛莎·阿米尼的照片聚集在柏林的伊朗大使馆前（图源AP）
9月13日，22岁的伊朗女性玛莎·阿米尼因为头巾较松而被首都德黑兰的”道德警察“逮捕，并在三天后去世。她的离奇死亡点燃了许多人对于强制的着装规则和执法过程中可能的滥用暴力等方面的怒火，人们纷纷走上街头、游行示威。
News of Masha Amini’s death Sept. 16 outraged Iranians, who started to gather in the streets and online. Many Iranians, particularly the young, have come to see her death as part of the Islamic Republic's heavy-handed policing of dissent and the morality police's increasingly violent treatment of young women.
9月16日玛莎·阿米尼去世的消息极大地触怒了伊朗民众，他们开始在街头和网上聚集。许多伊朗人，尤其是年轻人，都将阿米尼之死视为这个伊斯兰共和国对不同意见的严厉监管，以及道德警察对于年轻女性日益暴力的对待的一部分。
Some are demanding justice for Amini and calling for the abolition of the compulsory hijab, or head covering. Women have played a prominent role in the recent demonstrations, waving and burning their veils, with some publicly cutting their hair in a direct challenge to clerical leaders. “Women, life, freedom” goes one popular chant. Protests quickly spread from Tehran and Amini’s hometown in Kurdistan to cities across the country. Police responded with live fire and arrests as the demonstrations spread.
有些人为阿米尼伸张正义，并呼吁废除强制女性佩戴头巾的政策。女性在最近的示威活动中发挥了重要的作用，他们挥舞、焚烧头巾，有些人公然剪掉头发，直接挑战宗教领袖。“女性，生命，自由”成为流行的口号。抗议浪潮迅速从德黑兰和阿米尼在库尔德斯坦的家乡蔓延至全国各大城市，而警察以实弹和逮捕作为回应。
伊朗首都德黑兰市中心的抗议者（图源AP）
Besides, A wave of women worldwide have uploaded videos to social media, cutting off their hair in solidarity with Iranian women and protests have been taking place in several countries.
除此之外，世界各地的许多女性纷纷将视频上传到社交媒体，与伊朗女性团结一致，剪掉自己的头发，抗议活动已经在多个国家发生。
居住在土耳其的一名伊朗女子在玛莎·阿米尼死后举行的一次抗议活动中剪断头发（图源sky news）
02
Are hijabs obligatory for women in Iran?
伊朗女性必须要戴头巾吗？
伊朗德黑兰戴着希贾布（头巾）的女性（图源Wikipedia）
In fact, as an Islamic country, Iran used to be a secular country until the 1980s. The Pahlavi dynasty, which ruled Iran at that time, vigorously promoted the secularization and the status of women was unprecedentedly liberated. Iranian women wearing black robes today were able to walk on the beach in short fashionable skirts or even bikinis during that period.
事实上，作为伊斯兰国家的伊朗，在上世纪80年代以前曾是一个世俗化国家。当时统治伊朗的巴列维王朝大力推进世俗化，妇女地位获得了空前解放。如今身穿黑色长袍的伊朗女性，在那个时代可以穿着时尚的短裙，甚至可以穿比基尼在沙滩上漫步。
1977年德黑兰的发廊（图源BBC news中文网）
However, in 1979, the Islamic Revolution overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established a theocratic Iran. Following that, authorities in Iran imposed a mandatory dress code requiring all women to wear a headscarf and loose-fitting clothing that disguises their figures in public. In 1983, Iran's public decorum laws require all females over the age of nine to wear a hijab that covers their hair neck, and shoulders. Violators are subject to severe punishments, including fines, imprisonment, and up to 74 lashes. President Raisi, who assumed power last year, has doubled down on enforcement.
然而，1979年的伊斯兰革命推翻了巴拉维王朝，建立起政教合一的伊朗。这之后，伊朗当局强制要求所有女性在公共场合戴头巾和穿宽松的服装，掩盖身材。1983年始，伊朗的公共礼仪法要求所有9岁以上的女性都要戴头巾，遮住头发、脖子和肩膀。违反者将受到严厉惩罚，包括罚款、监禁，甚至高达74下鞭刑。在去年莱希总统上台以后，这种强制实行的力度又得到了加倍。
Known as the Guidance Patrol, morality police drive the streets acting as an everyday religious vice squadron, cracking down on dress code violations and other offenses.
在伊朗，名义上的“道德警察”实则是“监管巡逻队”，他们在街道上扮演着日常的“宗教副中队”的角色，打击违反着装条例的人和其他违法行为。
1980年，伊朗一家人去参加周五礼拜途中（图源BBC news中文网）
03
What’s the follow-ups of the incident?
这次事件的后续如何？
President Raisi called Amini’s family and promised to investigate the cause of her death. But when he spoke before the U.N. General Assembly in New York on September 21st he made no mention of her or the protests. Instead, he criticized the West for its “double standard” on human rights.
总统莱希与阿米尼的家人通话，并承诺调查阿米尼的死因。但当他9月21日在纽约联合国大会上发言时，他没有提及阿米尼或抗议活动，相反，他批判西方国家在人权问题上的的“双重标准”。
Changes about the Internet have also aroused wide concern. Internet monitoring group NetBlocks said Instagram and WhatsApp - two of the major communication tools that Iran usually allows - had been restricted. Telegram, YouTube and TikTok have also periodically been closed down.
关于互联网的变化也引起了广泛关注。互联网监控组织NetBlocks表示，伊朗通常允许使用的两种主要通信工具Instagram和WhatsApp受到了限制。Telegram，YouTube和TikTok也被定期关闭。
Activists in Iran are expressing concern about widespread internet outages and residents being unable to access social media.
伊朗的活动人士对广泛的互联网中断和居民无法访问社交媒体表示担忧。
一名伊朗用户试图访问Telegram，但在政府封锁即时通讯应用后失败（图源BBC）
Earlier, the communications minister blamed security reasons for the disruption.
早些时候，通信部长将中断归咎于安全原因。
But Isik Mater from NetBlocks told the BBC: "Because there is no private broadcast network in Iran, the internet is the ‘only place’ where protesters can share their voice.”
但是来自NetBlocks的伊斯科·玛特告诉BBC：“由于伊朗没有私人广播网络，互联网就是抗议者可以分享声音的’唯一场所’。“
"We are worried that the world will forget about Iran as soon as the internet is shut down - which is already happening," one activist, who wanted to remain anonymous, said.
“我们担心，一旦被关闭，世界就会忘记伊朗——而这已经在发生，”一位希望保持匿名的活动人士说。
重
点
词
汇
coma
n. a deep unconscious state, usually lasting a long time and caused by serious illness or injury 昏迷
【例句】The patient had slipped into a coma.
病人陷入昏迷状态。
trickle
v. to flow, or to make sth flow, slowly in a thin stream （使）滴，淌，小股流淌
n. a small amount of liquid, flowing slowly 细流；涓流
【例句】The stream has thinned down to a mere trickle.
这条小河变成细流了。
secular
adj. not connected with spiritual or religious matters 现世的；世俗的
【例句】They frowned on pleasure: the theatre, novels, secular music.
他们谴责享乐：戏剧，小说，通俗音乐。
clerical
adj. ①connected with office work 办公室工作的
②connected with the clergy圣职人员的；神职人员的
【例句】The standard clerical dress throughout Europe was the long black cope.
整个欧洲的标准牧师服装是黑色的长披肩。
原文链接：
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/22/iran-protests-mahsa-amini-death/
https://news.sky.com/story/who-was-mahsa-amini-why-are-women-cutting-their-hair-and-how-big-are-the-demonstrations-12703822
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62996100
编译 | 李在阳 杨柏芸 阮佳炫 格桑雍珍 徐叶
排版 | 李在阳
