生死 | 电影片场秒变枪案现场

发生了什么？

01

Light from a high afternoon sun slanted through the tall windows of the weathered wooden church, catching on the plank floorboards and illuminating the stained glass. Outside, the arid ground of the northern New Mexico foothills stretched for miles — a picturesque setting for an Old West gun battle.

午后炙阳斜射进饱经风霜的木构教堂高窗，散落一地，辉映于花窗玻璃上。屋外，新墨西哥北部山麓的贫瘠之地绵延千里——一幅古老西部枪战的画卷徐徐展开。

The actor Alec Baldwin, haggard in a white beard and period garb, sat in a pew, working out how he would draw a long-barreled Colt .45 revolver across his body and aim it toward the movie camera.

演员亚力克·鲍德温(Alec Baldwin)留着花白的胡子，身着那个时代的装束，面容憔悴。他坐在长椅上，琢磨着如何从身上掏出一把长筒柯尔特(Colt)45手枪，对准电影镜头。

The camera wasn’t rolling yet, but director Joel Souza peered over the shoulder of cinematographer Halyna Hutchins to see what it saw.

还未开拍，导演乔尔·索萨(Joel Souza)越过摄影师哈利娜·哈金斯(Halyna Hutchins)的肩膀查看监视器画面。

Souza heard what sounded like a whip followed by a loud pop, he would later tell investigators.

索萨后来告诉调查人员，他听到了一声像响鞭一样的声音，紧接着是一声巨响。

Suddenly Hutchins was complaining about her stomach, grabbing her midsection and stumbling backward, saying she couldn’t feel her legs. Souza saw that she was bloodied, and that he was bleeding too: The lead from Baldwin’s gun had pierced Hutchins and embedded in his shoulder.

突然，哈金斯捂着腹部痛苦地哀叫，跌跌撞撞地后退，说她感觉不到自己的双腿。索萨看见哈金斯浑身是血，自己也在流血：鲍德温的子弹头刺穿了哈金斯，射进了自己的肩膀。

This incident occurred on the set of “Rust.” Alec Baldwin fired a prop gun while filming a scene in New Mexico, causing the death of cinematographer Halyna Hutchins and wounding director Joel Souza.

这一事件发生在独立故事片《铁锈》（‘Rust’）的拍摄现场，10月21日，亚力克·鲍德温在新墨西哥州拍摄一场戏时开枪，导致摄影师哈里娜·哈金斯死亡，导演乔尔·索萨受伤。

电影片场中的道具枪

01

谁负责管理拍摄现场的枪支？

Generally, a weapons master or armorer oversees all weapons that are used on a production. This can mean anything from selecting the correct items for a certain period in history, to taking care of the weapons on set and making sure they are being used safely and properly by actors and stuntpeople.

一般来说，拍摄中所有使用的枪械道具都由枪械师来看管。他们需要负责挑选出匹配特定的历史时期的枪械道具，在片场看好道具防止损坏，并且确保演员、龙套和特技演员们安全正确地使用这些道具。

拍摄现场的枪支应当如何管理？

The weapons master is required to be on set whenever a weapon is being used. 

每一次使用枪械道具的时候时，枪械师都必须在场。

The Actors’ Equity Association’s guidelines state that, “Before each use, make sure the gun has been test-fired off stage and then ask to test fire it yourself. Watch the prop master check the cylinders and barrel to be sure no foreign object or dummy bullet has become lodged inside.” 

演员公平协会的指导方针提出，“每次使用道具前，枪械师需要确保枪支已经在台下进行试射后再由他本人试射。枪械师还需亲眼监督道具师进行检查汽缸和枪管的工作，确保里面没有异物或假子弹。”

Further, “All loading of firearms must be done by the property master, armorer or experienced persons working under their direct supervision.”

此外，“所有枪械的装填必须在道具主管、枪械师或其他有经验的人的直接监督下完成。”

为什么导演们在有特效的情况下依然青睐真实的道具枪？

It is becoming more common to add in gunfire in post-production when working on the visual effects. But visual effects can be expensive and it can be easier, and cheaper, to use props. 

考虑到作品的视觉效果，越来越多电影选择在后期制作中加入给枪声配音。但是后期制作价格高昂，使用道具枪则更简单，更便宜。

Also, Dormer says that there can be advantages to using props and blanks, like getting an authentic reaction from an actor.

另外，导演多马（Dormer）指出，使用枪械道具和空弹可以从演员那里得到更为真实的反馈。

意外为什么发生？

01

The gun Baldwin used was one of three that a firearms specialist, or “armorer,” had set on a cart outside the building where a scene was being rehearsed, according to court records.

据法庭记录，鲍德温使用的这把枪是一名枪支专家（又称“枪械师”）在案发现场排练时放在大楼外一辆推车上的三把枪之一。

Assistant director Dave Halls grabbed a gun off a cart and handed it to Baldwin, accidentally indicating that the weapon was safe by yelling “cold gun,” court papers say. But it was loaded with live rounds, according to the records.

据法庭文件，副导演戴夫·霍尔斯(Dave Halls)从推车上抓起一把枪递给鲍德温，误称其为“冷枪”，示意这把枪是安全的。但根据记录，里面装的是实弹。

Hannah Gutierrez-Reed is the stuff who is responsible for the guns at the set.

汉娜·古铁雷斯-里德是现场的枪支负责人。

Lawyers of her said on Oct 29 that Hannah has no idea where the live rounds came from. They blamed unsafe conditions on the producers cutting corners.

10月29日，她的律师表示，汉娜对实弹并不知情。他们把这种危险状况归咎于制作方对于拍摄过程中边缘工作（培训、维护、定期安全检查等）的成本压缩。

“Hannah was hired on two positions on this film, which made it extremely difficult to focus on her job as an armorer,” said attorneys Jason Bowles and Robert Gorence in a statement. 

“汉娜在这部电影中担任了两个职位，这使得她很难专注于自己作为枪械师的工作，”辩护律师杰森·鲍尔斯和罗伯特·格伦斯在声明中指出，

“She fought for training, days to maintain weapons, and proper time to prepare for gunfire but ultimately was overruled by production and her department. The whole production set became unsafe due to various factors, including lack of safety meetings.”

“她争取过训练的时间，争取过维护保养武器的时间，争取过射击的训练准备时间，但最终被制作部门和她所在部门否决了。由于各种因素，包括缺乏安全会议等，整个制作组都处于危险之中。"

“This was incompetence, inexperience and — I hate to say this — lack of caring about your job. If there’s a whole bunch of ammunitionthrown together in a box, that’s not how it’s done,” said Mike Tristano, a longtime professional armorer.

“我不得不说，这一切都是能力、经验的缺乏和对工作不关心所促成的。把一堆弹药全都扔在一个匣子里，这显然不是正确的做法。”资深专业枪械师迈克·特里斯塔诺(Mike Tristano)表示。 

意外之后是什么？

01

Experts predict a tremendous legal fallout from the tragedy, definitely in civil lawsuits and potentially in criminal charges.

专家预测，这场悲剧将会造成巨大的法律后果，肯定会最终导向民事诉讼，甚至可能导向刑事指控。 

In addition to Baldwin, a call sheet for the day of the shooting obtained by The Associated Press lists five producers, four executive producers, a line producer and a co-producer. 

除了鲍德温，美联社还获得了一份拍摄当天的通话记录，其中包括了五名制片人、四名执行制片人、一名一线制片人和一名联合制片人。

A petition was launched over the weekend on change.org for real guns to be banned from production sets.

上周末，人们在change.org网站上发起了一项请愿活动，要求禁止在制片场景中使用真实的道具枪。

As it stands, the U.S. federal workplace safety agency is silent on the issue and most of the preferred states for productions take a largely hands-off approach.

目前，美国联邦工作场所安全机构在这个问题上保持沉默，而大多数倾向于生产产品的州在很大程度上采取了不干涉的做法。

“Really there is no good reason in this day to have guns on set,” director Liz Garbus wrote on Twitter. “CGI can make the gun seem ‘real,’ and if you don’t have the budget for the CGI, then don’t shoot the scene.”

导演丽兹·加布斯(Liz Garbus)在推特上写道:“在今天，真的没有理由在片场使用真实的道具枪了。”“特效技术可以让枪看起来更加‘真实’，如果你没有做特效的预算，那就不要拍摄这样的场景。”

片场意外时常有

01

《迷离境界》

A 1982 helicopter crash that killed actor Vic Morrow and two child actors on the set of “Twilight Zone” shook the film industry and led to new safety standards for the use of choppers during filming. 

1982年，一次直升机坠毁事件导致《迷离境界》片场的演员维克·莫罗和两名儿童演员丧生，这一事件震撼了电影业，并推进了电影拍摄期间使用直升机的新安全标准。

《午夜骑士》

Camera operator Sarah Jones was run over by a train in February 2014 during the filming of a Gregg Allman biopic in rural Georgia. 

2014年2月，摄影师莎拉·琼斯在乔治亚州农村拍摄格雷格·奥尔曼传记电影时被火车撞倒。

The death of Jones, 27, and the injuries of other crew members hit by pieces of a metal bed frame that was on the train tracks as part of the production, put a heightened industry focus on film set safety.

27岁的琼斯的死亡，以及拍摄中铁轨上的金属床架碎片对剧组成员造成的伤害，使得电影业更加关注电影场景的安全。