全文1985字，阅读时长约为6分钟
The popular social media platform TikTok, known for 15-second video clips about pretty much any topic you can think of, has been lauded for starting important conversations about mental health, especially among young people, enabling them to learn about mental health conditions, and get support from peers going through the same things.
TikTok因仅仅15秒的视频时长，却可以谈及所有热门话题，而成为广受欢迎的社交媒体平台。年轻人喜欢在TikTok上火热讨论有关心理健康的话题，他们能在TikTok了解自己的心理健康状况，并得到有相似经历的同龄人的支持。
Within the past year, there’s been an increase in teens and young adults using TikTok to self-diagnose conditions such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder,obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette syndrome, among others.
过去的一年里，越来越多的年轻人使用TikTok进行自我诊断，比如自闭症、注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)、边缘性人格障碍、强迫症(OCD)和妥瑞氏抽动秽语综合症等。
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为什么大家会沉迷于在tiktok上自我心理诊断
①讯息来源和心理知识的缺乏
“Social media is a first line of information for a huge demographic. Many millennials and Generation Z members check social media more than the news, which makes the information received there extremely valuable,” explains Akua Boateng, PhD, a licensed psychotherapist who specializes in individual and couples therapy.
Akua Boateng博士是从事个人和夫妻治疗的执业的精神治疗师，他解释道：“对于相当多的人来说，社交媒体是获取信息的第一渠道。许多千禧一代和Z世代的人更多地浏览社交媒体，而不是新闻，因此他们认为社交媒体上的信息特别有价值。”
And for some youths, mental health TikToks may be the first discussions about mental health they’re exposed to, especially if these topics aren’t talked about at home or school. In fact, some viewers may have limited to no prior mental health education before seeing these topics talked about on TikTok, according to Dr. Boateng.
博腾博士表示，对于那些从未在家或学校讨论过有关心理健康的话题的年轻人来说，TikTok可能是他们接触到的第一个讨论这些话题的地方。事实上，一些观众在看到这些TikTok上热议的话题之前，可能从来没有接受过心理健康教育。
②青少年不断地尝试不同的身份
Teens are experiencing the Identity Role Confusion psychosocial crisis. Teens during this stage may try on a variety of identities to determine what fits right for them. (Millennial friends may remember their "emo phase" in adolescence). Social media has made this much easier as there is more access to communities and an easy ability to try on identities through anonymity.
青少年正在经历自身身份与角色混淆的社会心理危机。在这个阶段，青少年可能会尝试不同的身份，以确定什么适合自己。(千禧一代的朋友可能会记得他们在青春期的“情绪阶段”)。社交媒体让这一切变得更加容易，因为人们可以随心地加入某些群体，也可以借助匿名轻松地尝试不同身份。
为什么自我心理诊断不可取
“The danger of social media self-diagnosis is that it is frequently incorrect,” says John F. Tholen, PhD, a retired cognitive psychologist in Seal Beach, California.
已退休的加州海豹滩的认知心理学家约翰·F·索伦博士说：“社交媒体自我诊断的危险在于它往往不太准确。”
“Making a psychiatric diagnosis is a complicated process that often requires subtle distinctions. There is a big difference between experiencing symptoms and having a disorder,” Dr. Tholen adds.
索伦博士补充：“做出精神病的诊断是一个复杂的过程，往往需要进行微妙的区分。有相关症状和真正患病之间有很大的区别。”
Many people can experience symptoms associated with various mental health disorders, but less severely or persistently than what’s required for a diagnosis, explains Tholen. For instance, many people experience normal shifts in mood throughout their day, but don’t meet the diagnostic criteria needed for a diagnosis of mood disorders like depression or bipolar disorder.
索伦解释说，很多人可能会出现与各种心理健康障碍相关的症状，但其严重程度或持续时间要低于被诊断为患病所需的程度。例如，很多人在一天中会经历正常的情绪变化，但是这并不足以使他们确诊抑郁症或者双相情感障碍等情绪障碍。
“To be diagnosable, a psychological or personality disorder must interfere significantly with our ability to function in major aspects of life, such as relationships, school, work, or the ability to experience pleasure,” Tholen says.
索伦说：“只有当心理或人格障碍严重干扰我们生活主要方面的能力，如人际关系、学习、工作或享受快乐的能力时，才能确诊。”
Furthermore, says Tholen, “Another danger of psychiatric self-diagnosing is missing a treatable medical condition, such as thyroid issues or heartbeat irregularity.” The symptoms of these conditions can sometimes look alike, Tholen adds.
此外，索伦说：“精神病学自我诊断的另一个潜在危机是错过了其他可治疗疾病的就医时机，比如甲状腺问题或者心率不齐。”他补充道，“这些疾病的症状有时候看起来很相似。”
“Making a psychiatric diagnosis is a complicated process that often requires subtle distinctions. There is a big difference between experiencing symptoms and having a disorder,” Dr. Tholen adds.
索伦博士补充：“做出精神病的诊断是一个复杂的过程，往往需要进行微妙的区分。有相关症状和真正患病之间有很大的区别。”
Many people can experience symptoms associated with various mental health disorders, but less severely or persistently than what’s required for a diagnosis, explains Tholen. For instance, many people experience normal shifts in mood throughout their day, but don’t meet the diagnostic criteria needed for a diagnosis of mood disorders like depression or bipolar disorder.
索伦解释说，很多人可能会出现与各种心理健康障碍相关的症状，但其严重程度或持续时间要低于被诊断为患病所需的程度。例如，很多人在一天中会经历正常的情绪变化，但是这并不足以使他们确诊抑郁症或者双相情感障碍等情绪障碍。
“To be diagnosable, a psychological or personality disorder must interfere significantly with our ability to function in major aspects of life, such as relationships, school, work, or the ability to experience pleasure,” Tholen says.
索伦说：“只有当心理或人格障碍严重干扰我们生活主要方面的能力，如人际关系、学习、工作或享受快乐的能力时，才能确诊。”
Furthermore, says Tholen, “Another danger of psychiatric self-diagnosing is missing a treatable medical condition, such as thyroid issues or heartbeat irregularity.” The symptoms of these conditions can sometimes look alike, Tholen adds.
此外，索伦说：“精神病学自我诊断的另一个潜在危机是错过了其他可治疗疾病的就医时机，比如甲状腺问题或者心率不齐。”他补充道，“这些疾病的症状有时候看起来很相似。”
如何获得可靠的心理健康诊断？
Getting a diagnosis usually starts with a visit to your primary doctor for an exam. They’ll ask you about your symptoms and might run some medical tests to rule out any other health issues that could be causing your symptoms. Your doctor will also likely refer you to a mental health professional for further evaluation and treatment.
获得诊断通常从去看主治医生做检查开始。他们会询问你的症状，可能还会做一些医学检查，来排除任何可能导致你这些症状的其他健康问题。他们也有可能会把你转介给心理健康专家作进一步的评估和治疗。
Although you may see videos made by trained mental health professionals as you’re scrolling through TikTok, you’ll also likely encounter a lot of firsthand experiences from people with mental health issues too. While these experiences can be helpful as long as they’re providing true information, they have their limitations.
在TikTok上，尽管你可能会浏览到由权威的心理健康专家制作的视频，你也可能会刷到很多心理疾病患者的第一手经验。虽然真实的经验会对你有所帮助，但它们仍然具有局限性。
Dodgen-Magee agrees. “It’s important to recognize this and to make sure that we are checking information we are reliant upon regarding our own mental health against several different places or platforms in order to find information that is reliable,” she advises.
多德根·马吉建议：“关键是要认识到第一手经验的局限性，并确保我们会把关在不同的平台上浏览的有关心理健康的信息，以便筛选出可靠的内容。”
重点
词汇
laud
to praise sb/sth v.赞扬；赞美；称赞
I will laud my enemies and they will become friends.
bipolar
adj. 有两极的，双极的
How is Bipolar Disorder Treated?
如何治疗双相情感障碍？
原文链接：
https://www.salon.com/2022/04/09/why-teens-are-self-diagnosing-on-tiktok/
https://www.everydayhealth.com/emotional-health/young-people-are-using-tiktok-to-diagnose-themselves-with-serious-mental-health-disorders/
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-culture/202108/why-tiktok-diagnoses-are-the-rise
编译| 沈佳璐 温馨 周奕言
排版| 周奕言
