10.29
韩国梨泰院万圣节踩踏事件
韩国梨泰院事件现场图 图源theguardian.com
全文字数：2111字 / 阅读时间：7分钟
More than 150 people, mostly young costumed partygoers in their teens and 20s, were killed in a crowd surge and stampede at a Halloween event in Seoul’s popular Itaewon nightlife district，and it is the worst-ever stampede in South Korea’s history.
在首尔著名的梨泰院夜生活区*举办的万圣节活动中，超过150人在人潮挤压和踩踏事故中遇难，大多是十多岁和二十多岁盛装前来参加活动的年轻人，而这也成为了韩国历史上最严重的踩踏事件。
译注：梨泰院位于韩国首尔龙山区南山东麓，是一个著名的商圈，也是一个拥有异国风情的观光旅游区。通常指从梨泰院1洞到汉南2洞的长达1.4公里的这段区间。
ONE
消失的警察
活动安保疏漏或成导火索
Up to 100,000 people descended on Seoul’s popular Itaewon district Saturday night for the first Halloween event without COVID-19 restrictions in three years. Local merchants said that the crowd had been “unprecedentedly large” this year, but in documents posted two days before the event, the police said they only planned to have 200 officers present for the Itaewon Halloween event.
10月29日晚，多达10万人聚集在梨泰院商圈，参加三年来第一个没有新冠疫情防控的万圣节活动。梨泰院商圈的商家们说今年的人流量“空前庞大”，但是在活动前两天警方发布的报告表示，他们仅计划出动200位警员在活动现场维护秩序。
韩国警察厅长
尹熙根鞠躬道歉
图源dw.com
On the other side of town, the interior minister said， a huge protest in Seoul’s Gwanghwamun district Saturday also required a significant police presence, so many officers were deployed there.
内政部长称，在首尔的另一边的光化门区域，于周六发生的大规模抗议示威活动*也需要大量警力在现场维护秩序，因而多数警员被部署到那里。
译注：韩国市民团体在首尔市中心的光化门广场高举标语进行示威，抗议“警戒风暴”，即韩国空军和美国空军第七航空队为期5天的启动联合空中演习。
“This is a man-made disaster prompted by a lack of awareness about safety,” said Shin Dong-min, a professor at the Korea National University of Transportation. “Itaewon vendors and government officials should have had more preparations about a massive crowd gathering,”
“人们安全意识的匮乏导致了这一起人为事故惨剧。” 韩国交通大学的教授Shin Dong-min说，“梨泰院的主办方和政府官员本应该为这一盛大的人群集会做好更充分的准备。”
首尔市长就梨泰院踩踏事故道歉 泣不成声一度转身抹泪-哔哩哔哩
TWO
迟到的救援
在和死神的战役中落败
救援现场图 图源thenews.com
After the first emergency calls came in around 10:24 p.m., authorities rushed to the scene，butthe sheer volume of people made it difficult to reach those who needed help. Video showed people performing compressions on other partygoers lying on the ground as they waited for medical assistance.
警方于晚上10:24左右收到第一个紧急呼救后迅速赶往现场，但他们很难越过庞大的人群找到求救者。视频显示，人们在等待医疗援助时对伤员进行了按压救助。
救援现场图 图源indiatimes.com
Faced with a huge number of victims, the first short-handed emergency responders asked passersby to administer first aid and perform CPR on victims in the streets, just next to the chaos. A video that circulated on Twitter showed dozens of people coming to perform CPR on victims sprawled in the street; other footage showed people in costumes carrying limp bodies on their backs. But others said people were too preoccupied with their phones to assist.
面对大量的伤员，第一批急救人员人手短缺，要求路人对伤员进行急救，并在混乱的街道旁进行心肺复苏*。一段在推特上流传的视频显示数十人趴在街上给伤员进行心肺复苏；其他镜头记录了盛装打扮的人背上担着跛行的人。但是也有人说一些人因为太专注于他们的手机而没有实施援助。
译注：心肺复苏术，简称CPR，是针对骤停的心脏和呼吸采取的救命技术，是为了恢复患者自主呼吸和自主循环。
CRITICISM
In most stampede situations, people die of suffocation.
在大多数的踩踏事故中，人们死于窒息。
Many victims were suffering cardiac arrest, which is the ultimate cause of death in such circumstances.
很多遇难者经历了心脏骤停，这最终导致了他们的死亡。
A delay in emergency first aid could also have led to more deaths.
紧急救援的延误促使了更多人遇难。
This delay was critical as many victims who suffered cardiac arrests may have passed the crucial “four-minute” window before help arrived.
这个延误是生死攸关的，因为很多心脏骤停的人可能在救援抵达前就已经错过了“四分钟”的黄金抢救时间。
THREE
严肃的一课
遇到踩踏事件我们应该怎么办？
1
Stand like a boxer.
像拳击手一样站着。
You want to keep your arms in front of your chest, to create more space between you and the person in front of you. Stand like a boxer, with one foot in front of the other so that you are steadier and can better absorb pressure from people pushing against you. You also want to keep your knees flexible, so that your body is not rigid and you’re able to move.
你应该将双臂举在胸前，以确保与前面的人有足够大的间距。双脚一前一后，像拳击手一样站立，可以让你站得更稳而且可以更好地承受旁人推挤的压力。你也应该保持膝盖活动，以防止身体僵硬不能前行。
踩踏自救要点 图源baidu.com
2
If you drop something, don’t try to pick it up.
如果你的东西掉了，不要试图去捡。
Even if your phone falls to the ground, don’t bend over and reach for it - you may not be able to get back up.
即使是你的手机掉在地上了，也不要弯腰去捡它——你有可能不能再站立起来。
3
Don’t scream.
不要喊叫
You want to save your oxygen, and yelling, even for help, is likely futile in a big crowd. And since air in a crowd crush tends to be hot and muggy, lift your head up for more access to fresh air.
你应该保存氧气，即使是求助的喊叫，在人群中也可能是徒劳的。而且空气在人群中会变得又热又闷，所以你应该抬头以获得新鲜的空气。
踩踏自救姿势教学 图源baidu.com
4
If you fall, lie on your side.
如果你摔倒了，请侧躺。
You want to stay on your feet, but if you fall down, try to lie on your left side to protect your heart and lungs. If you’re on your stomach or back and people fall on top of you, there’s a risk that your chest could compress.
你应该站稳脚跟，但是如果你摔倒了，请向左侧躺以保护你的心和肺。如果你是肚子或是背部朝地，人们可能会摔倒在你身上，造成使胸部受压的风险。
5
Exit through the edge of the crowd.
从人群的边缘逃出
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises working your way diagonally to the edge of the crowd when there’s a lull in movement, and don’t resist the force of the crowd.
疾病控制和预防中心建议，当人群停止前进时，你应该沿着对角线走到人群的边缘离开，并且不要抵抗人群挤压的力量。
重点词汇
（单词释义及例句均源自朗文当代高级英语词典）
descended on
if a large number of people descend on a person or a place, they come to visit or stay, especially when they are not very welcome 〔许多人〕突然造访〔尤指不太受欢迎的情况下〕
【例句】
Millions of tourists descend on the area every year.
administer
to provide or organize something officially as part of your job 执行，实施；给予
【例句】
It is not the job of the police to administer justice; that falls to the courts.
circulated
if information, facts, ideas etc circulate, they become known by many people 流传；传播；散布
【例句】
Rumours began circulating that the prime minister was seriously ill.
原文链接：
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1687202/south-korea-stampede-5-things-to-know
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1687202/south-korea-stampede-5-things-to-know
https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-10/pope-francis-south-korea-stampede-halloween-party.html
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1687249/scenes-of-horror-in-seoulas-halloween-crush-kills-151
https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/30/asia/seoul-crowd-surge-investigation-intl/index.html
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-promises-thorough-investigation-into-deadly-halloween-crush-2022-10-31/
https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2022/10/31/south-korea-mourns-halloween-crowd-surge-victims
https://www.dw.com/en/world-leaders-express-condolences-after-south-korea-stampede/a-63594691
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-63442399
https://www.nytimes.com/article/crowd-crush-safety.html
编译 | 张若楠
排版 | 张若楠
