你真的了解国际妇女节吗？

You might have seen International Women's Day mentioned in the media or heard friends talking about it.

你可能在媒体上看到过“国际妇女节”一词，或是听到过朋友们谈论这个节日。

But what is this day for? When is it? Is it a celebration or a protest? Is there an equivalent International Men's Day? And what events will take place this year?

但是这个节日是为何而存在呢?这个节日在哪一天?这个节日是为了庆祝还是为了抗议?有没有与其相近的“国际男人节”?今年的妇女节又会举行什么活动?

Clara Zetkin founded International Women's Day in 1910

克拉拉·蔡特金于1910年创立了国际妇女节。

International Women's Day, also known as IWD for short, grew out of the labour movement to become an annual event recognised by the United Nations.

国际妇女节（简称为 "IWD"）起源于劳工运动，而后成为了受联合国认可的年度活动。

The seeds were planted in 1908, when 15,000 women marched through New York demanding shorter working hours, better pay and the right to vote. A year later, the Socialist Party of America declared the first National Woman's Day.

国际妇女节的诞生植根于1908年1.5万名妇女在纽约的游行。她们要求缩短工作时间、提高工资及获得选举权。一年后，美国社会党宣布设立了第一个全国妇女节。

It was Clara Zetkin, a communist activist and advocate for women's rights, who suggested the creation of an international day. She put her idea to an International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen in 1910 - and the 100 women there, from 17 countries, agreed to it unanimously.

提议设立国际妇女节的是共产主义活动家、女权倡导者克拉拉·蔡特金。1910年，在召开于哥本哈根的国际职业妇女大会上，她提出了这一想法，并收获了大会上来自17国的100名妇女的一致同意。

International Women's Day was first celebrated in 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, so this year we're technically celebrating the 111th.

1911年，奥地利、丹麦、德国和瑞士首次庆祝了国际妇女节。可知，今年我们庆祝的是第111个国际妇女节。

International Women's Day has become a date to celebrate how far women have come in society, politics and in economics, while the political roots of the day mean strikes and protests are organised to raise awareness of continued inequality.

如今，在国际妇女节这个日子，人们会为了妇女在社会、政治和经济领域取得的成就而庆祝。而这个节日的政治根源则是组织罢工和抗议，以此让人们更多地认识到长存世间的不平等。

A woman with painted face takes part in an International Women's Day event in Bogota, Colombia in 2021.

一位面涂颜料的女士于2021年在哥伦比亚的首都波哥大参加了妇女节活动。

Clara's idea for an International Women's Day had no fixed date.

克拉拉·蔡特金并未提出有关国际妇女节具体日期的设想。

It wasn't formalised until a wartime strike in 1917, when Russian women demanded "bread and peace"; four days into the strike the tsar was forced to abdicate and the provisional government granted women the right to vote.

直到俄罗斯妇女在1917年的战时罢工，要求“面包与和平”，妇女节才正式确立；在罢工的四天后，沙皇被迫退位，临时政府授予了妇女投票权。

The strike began on 8 March and this became the date that International Women's Day is celebrated.

这场罢工始于3月8日，因此这一天成了庆祝国际妇女节的日子。

The colour purple is often associated with IWD as it signifies 'justice and dignity'

紫色常与国际妇女节紧密相关，因为它象征着“公正和尊严”。

Purple, green and white are the colors of IWD, according to the International Women's day website.

据国际妇女节网站介绍，紫色、绿色和白色是国际妇女节的象征。

"Purple signifies justice and dignity. Green symbolises hope. White represents purity, albeit a controversial concept. The colours originated from the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in the UK in 1908," they say.

“紫色象征公正和尊严。绿色象征希望。白色代表纯洁（尽管这个定义尚有争议）。这些颜色起源于1908年英国的妇女社会和政治联盟。”网站表示。

There is indeed, on 19 November. But it has only been marked since the 1990s and isn't recognised by the UN. People celebrate it in more than 80 countries worldwide.

“国际男人节”确实存在——就在每年的11月19日。但这一节日在20世纪90年代才设立，且并未得到联合国的正式承认。全世界有80多个国家的人们都会庆祝男人节。

The day celebrates "the positive value men bring to the world, their families and communities", according to the organisers, and aims to highlight positive role models, raise awareness of men's well-being, and improve gender relations. The theme for 2021 was Better relations between men and women.

据这一节日的设立者称，这一天是庆祝"男性带给世界、家庭和社群的积极价值"的一天，旨在强调积极榜样的作用、增长人们对男性的认识、改善性别关系。2021年男人节的主题是“男女间更好的关系”。

A woman receives mimosa flowers at a vaccination hub in Rome, Italy on International Women's Day 2021

2021年妇女节，一名妇女在意大利罗马的某疫苗接种中心接受含羞草的花簇

International Women's Day is a national holiday in many countries, including Russia, where flower sales double during the three or four days around 8 March.。

许多国家都把妇女节作为国家法定假日，俄罗斯也是其中一员。在3月8日前后的三四天之内，俄罗斯的鲜花销量会整整翻上一番。

In China, many women are given a half-day off work on 8 March, as advised by the State Council.

在中国，据国务院建议，广大妇女可在3月8日休息半天。

In Italy, International Women's Day, or la Festa della Donna, is celebrated by the giving of mimosa blossoms. The origin of this tradition is unclear but it is believed to have started in Rome after World War Two.

在意大利，为了庆祝妇女节（意大利语称la Festa della Donna），人们会互赠含羞草的花簇。这一传统的起源尚不明晰，但人们认为它始于二战后的罗马。

In the US, the month of March is Women's History Month. A presidential proclamation issued every year honours the achievements of American women.

在美国，三月被定为“妇女历史月”。美国总统每年都会发表一份公告，以此表彰美国妇女的成就。

This year, celebrations will continue to look a little different because of coronavirus and virtual events are expected to take place around the world, including this one organised by the UN.

由于冠状病毒的影响，今年的妇女节庆祝活动仍将展现出与往年不同的风貌。预计今年，世界各地都将开展虚拟活动，其中就包括这项由联合国组织的国际妇女节活动。

2021 saw the inauguration of Kamala Harris as the first female, first black and first Asian-American US vice president

2021年，卡玛拉·哈里斯宣誓就职，成为第一位女性、第一位黑人、第一位亚裔的美国副总统

The UN announced their theme for 2022 as "Gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow". Their events will recognise how women around the world are responding to climate change.

联合国宣布，2022年妇女节的主题是"今天的性别平等，是为了可持续的明天"。世界各地的妇女为应对气候变化作出了贡献，而在今年的妇女节活动上，这些妇女将受到表彰。

But there are also other themes around. The International Women's Day website - which says it's designed to "provide a platform to help forge positive change for women" - has chosen the theme #BreakTheBias and is asking people to imagine "a world free of bias, stereotypes, and discrimination".

但在其他平台，今年妇女节的主题有所不同。国际妇女节网站（旨在"提供一个平台，以此帮助女性实现积极变革"）选择了“打破偏见”的主题，希望人们可以构想"一个没有偏见、刻板印象和歧视的世界"。

原文链接：

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-60610678.amp

编译 | 郝喜桓 陈莲旖 金文怡 徐孜瑶

排版 | 郝喜桓