猴痘会成为第二个新冠吗？

Monkeypox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with monkeypox virus. Monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae. The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus (which causes smallpox), vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus.

猴痘是一种由猴痘病毒感染引起的罕见疾病。猴痘病毒属于痘病毒科的正痘病毒属。正痘病毒属还包括天花病毒（导致天花）、痘苗病毒（用于天花疫苗）和牛痘病毒。

Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name ‘monkeypox.’ The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox.

猴痘最早发现于1958年，当时在为研究而饲养的猴子群中爆发了两次疑似痘病毒疾病，因此被称为“猴痘”。1970年，刚果民主共和国在加紧努力消除天花期间，记录下了第一个人类猴痘病例。

It occurs mostly in remote parts of central and west African countries, near tropical rainforests.

猴痘主要发生在中非和西非靠近热带雨林的偏远地区。

In humans, the symptoms of monkeypox are similar to but milder than the symptoms of smallpox. Monkeypox begins with fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. The main difference between symptoms of smallpox and monkeypox is that monkeypox causes lymph nodes to swell (lymphadenopathy) while smallpox does not. The incubation period (time from infection to symptoms) for monkeypox is usually 7−14 days.

在人类中，猴痘的症状与天花的症状相似，但其程度较轻。猴痘始于发烧、头痛、肌肉酸痛和疲惫。天花和猴痘症状的主要区别是，猴痘会导致淋巴结肿大（淋巴结病变），而天花不会。猴痘的潜伏期通常为7-14天（也可能在5-21天之间）。

Within 1 to 3 days (sometimes longer) after the appearance of fever, the patient develops a rash, often beginning on the face then spreading to other parts of the body, most commonly the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

通常在发烧后的1-3天内，患者会出现皮疹，通常从面部开始，然后扩散到身体的其他部位，最常见的是手掌和脚底。

The painful, raised poxes are pearly and fluid-filled, often surrounded by red circles. Lesions progress through the following stages before falling off: Macules, Papules, Vesicles, Pustules, Scabs. The rash can be extremely itchy or painful. The lesions can cause scarring.

疼痛的、凸起的猴痘呈珍珠状，且充满液体，通常被红色的圆圈包围。病变在脱落前会经历以下几个阶段：红疹、丘疹、水泡、脓疱、结痂。皮疹会非常痒或疼痛，病变会引起瘢痕的形成。

The infection usually clears up on its own and lasts between 2−4 weeks. In Africa, monkeypox has been shown to cause death in as many as 1 in 10 persons who contract the disease.

感染通常会自行痊愈，持续时间为2-4周。在非洲，猴痘已被证明可导致高达十分之一的感染者死亡。

传染源：

The natural reservoir of monkeypox remains unknown. However, African rodents and non-human primates (like monkeys) may harbor the virus and infect people. Monkeypox can be spread when someone is in close contact with an infected person.

猴痘的自然宿主仍然未知。然而，非洲啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物（如猴子）可能携带病毒并使人类感染。当人与感染者密切接触时，猴痘也可以传播。

传播途径：

The virus can enter the body through broken skin, the respiratory tract or through the eyes, nose or mouth.

病毒可以通过破损的皮肤，呼吸道或通过眼睛，鼻子或嘴巴进入体内。

It has not previously been described as a sexually transmitted infection, but it can be passed on by direct contact during sex.

猴痘不被视为性传播感染，但可以通过性行为中的直接接触传播。

It can also be spread by contact with infected animals such as monkeys, rats and squirrels, or by virus-contaminated objects, such as bedding and clothing.

它也可以通过接触受感染的动物（如猴子、大鼠和松鼠）或被病毒污染的物体（如床上用品和衣服）传播。

易感人群：

People who have close contact with rodents, such as animal breeders, field workers, pet lovers and so on, are vulnerable groups

与啮齿类动物密切接触者，如动物饲养员、野外工作者、宠物爱好者等是易感人群。

Monkeypox does not spread easily between people. Human-to-human transmission is thought to occur primarily through large respiratory droplets. Respiratory droplets generally cannot travel more than a few feet, and monkeypox does not spread easily between people, so prolonged face-to-face contact is required. Most cases of the virus are mild, sometimes resembling chickenpox, and clear up on their own within a few weeks.

猴痘在人与人之间并不容易传播。人际间的传染主要是通过呼吸道的大飞沫。而呼吸道飞沫通常传播范围不能超过几英尺，因此要长时间的面对面接触才会有一定几率被感染。且猴痘大多数病毒病例是轻微的，有时类似于水痘，并在几周内自行痊愈。

"This is a containable situation." the WHO's emerging disease lead Maria Van Kerkhove said at a news conference.

世卫组织紧急事务项目技术主管范·科克浩夫在相关的新闻发布会上说：“这是一个可控的情况。”

Monkeypox can be contained in countries outside of Africa where the virus is not usually detected, the World Health Organization (WHO) says. The number of infections is expected to rise still, but experts say the overall risk to the broader population is very low.

世界卫生组织表示，猴痘病毒通常不会在非洲以外的国家被发现。专家表示，虽然预计感染人数仍将上升，但对大多数人口的总体风险非常低。