想过上理想生活，究竟要多少钱？

A study of almost 8,000 people from across the world found that in 86% of countries the majority of people thought they could achieve their ideal life with $10m or less.

一项对世界各地近8000人的研究发现，在86%的国家，大多数人认为他们只需要低于1000万美元（约6654万人民币）就可以实现自己的理想生活。

In Argentina, India and Russia more than 50% of people said they would like $1m or less. However, in the US the majority of people said they would need at least $100m or more to lead an ideal life, with 31.7% (the most popular response) saying that they would like at least $100bn.

在阿根廷、印度和俄罗斯，超过50%的人说他们想要100万美元左右（约665万人民币）。然而，在美国，大多数人说他们至少需要1亿美元（约6.6亿人民币）才能过上理想的生活，其中最受欢迎的回答占大约31.7%，说他们希望至少有1000亿美元（约6653亿人民币）。

“A founding economic principle that everyone is motivated by ‘unlimited wants’, stuck on a consumerist treadmill and striving to accumulate as much wealth as they can, is untrue,” the study published in Nature Sustainability said. “[The] belief in this principle has also had dire consequences for the health of the planet. Striving to continually increase individual wealth, and pursuing unending economic growth, has come at a heavy cost. As wealth has increased, so too has resource use and pollution.”

一篇发表在《自然-可持续发展》上的研究报告说："当每个人都被 '无限的欲望' 所驱使，被困在消费主义的跑步机上，同时不断压榨自己从而积累尽可能多的财富，这样的基本经济原则是不真实的。而对这一原则的信仰也给地球的环境带来了可怕的后果。随着财富的增加，资源的使用和污染也会随之增加。努力不断增加个人财富，追求无止境的经济增长，已经让地球生态付出了沉重的代价。"

Dr Paul Bain, the lead researcher and a reader at the department of psychology at the University of Bath, said that while the figures in the typical responses sound like a lot of money, “when considered that they represent a person’s ideal wealth across their whole life they are relatively moderate”.

首席研究员、巴斯大学心理学系读者保罗-贝恩博士说，虽然6000多万人民币听起来像是一大笔钱，但是"考虑到它们代表了一个人一辈子的理想财富，这个数字还是相对节制的"。

Unlimited wants and consumerism are bad for the planet –– but most people want less than you’d imagine.

“The ideology of unlimited wants, when portrayed as human nature, can create social pressure for people to buy more than they actually want,” he said. “Discovering that most people’s ideal lives are actually quite moderate could make it socially easier for people to behave in ways that are more aligned with what makes them genuinely happy and to support stronger policies to help safeguard the planet.”

他说："当无限欲望的意识形态被描述成人类的天性时，产生的社会压力会让人们购买超过实际所需的东西。而当发现大多数人的理想其实是相当节制的时，人们的社会行为才会更容易与使他们真正快乐的行为相一致，并支持更有力的政策来帮助保护地球。"

Dr Renata Bongiorno, a co-author of the report and social psychologist at Bath Spa University and the University of Exeter, said: “The findings are a stark reminder that the majority view is not necessarily reflected in policies that allow the accumulation of excessive amounts of wealth by a small number of individuals.

同时，报告的共同作者、巴斯温泉大学和埃克塞特大学的社会心理学家雷纳塔-邦乔诺博士说：“这些发现鲜明地揭示出，现实政策允许少数人积累巨额财富，而大多数人较为节制的生活期望并没有得到反映。”

“If most people are striving for wealth that is limited, policies that support people’s more limited wants, such as a wealth tax to fund sustainability initiatives, might be more popular than is often portrayed.”

"如果大多数人都在争取有限的财富，那么提倡人们更有节制的需求的政策可能会更受欢迎，比如征收财富税以资助可持续发展的举措。"

A growing coalition of politicians and opinion formers are calling for the introduction of wealth taxes across the world to help close the “staggering” gap between the richest and poorest in society.

越来越多的政治家和舆论界人士呼吁在全世界范围内引入财富税，以帮助缩小社会中最富有和最贫穷的人之间 "令人惊愕的" 差距。

Rowan Williams, the former archbishop of Canterbury, has called on the UK government to impose a wealth tax on the super-rich to help tackle “spiralling inequality”, which he said was “deeply damaging to our collective morale and trust”.

前坎特伯雷大主教罗文-威廉姆斯（Rowan Williams）呼吁英国政府对超级富豪征收财富税，以帮助解决 "螺旋上升的不平等"，他说这种不平等 "严重损害了我们的集体士气和相互信任"。

Williams told the super-rich they should not view paying back to wider society as a tax burden but as “an opportunity to build a stable, sustainable economy that works for everyone”.

威廉姆斯告诉超级富豪们，他们不应该把对更广泛的社会的回报看作是一种税收负担，而应该看作是 "建立一个稳定的、可持续的经济，为每个人服务的机会"。

Government figures show the richest 1% of households in the UK each have at least £3.6m. At the other end of the scale, the poorest 10% of households have £15,400 or less, with almost half burdened with more debts than they have in assets, according to data published by the Office for National Statistics.

政府数据显示，英国最富有的1%的家庭每人至少拥有360万英镑（约 3000万人民币）。而根据国家统计局公布的数据，在天平的另一端，最贫穷的10%的家庭只拥有15,400英镑（约12.5万人民币）或更少，几乎有一半家庭的债务负担超过了他们所拥有的资产。

A wealth tax on the top 1% could generate at least £70bn a year, according to research by Greenwich University. That would be equivalent to 8% of the current total tax take but would affect only about 250,000 households.

根据格林威治大学的研究，对前1%的人征收财富税，每年至少可以产生700亿英镑。这相当于目前总税收的8%，虽然只影响大约25万家庭。

The Wealth Tax Commission, set up in 2020 to consider the costs and benefits of imposing a wealth tax, recommended a one-off 1% tax on households with more than £1m. It said the tax would generate £260bn – more than enough to cover a year’s funding of the NHS and social care spending.

英国财富税委员会成立于2020年，旨在评估征收财富税的成本和效益。他们建议对拥有超过100万英镑的家庭一次性征收1%的税。它说，该税种将产生2600亿英镑的收入——足以支付一年的NHS（英国国家医疗服务体系）和社会护理支出的资金。

原文链接：

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jun/16/how-much-money-is-needed-for-ideal-life-study

https://theconversation.com/how-much-money-do-people-want-to-achieve-their-ideal-life-our-research-gave-a-surprising-result-186250

编译 | 金文怡

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