2022年度词汇出炉！来看看吧- 大数跨境

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2022年度词汇出炉！来看看吧

QuriositySISU

2022-12-07

导读：剑桥给出的年度词汇“HOMER”让许多Wordle玩家「怒火中烧」，这是为什么？

全文字数：2134字 / 阅读时间：7分钟

2022年度词汇出炉啦，来看看吧！

牛津

GOBLIN MODE 妖精模式

The slang term is defined as a "type of behavior which is unapologetically self-indulgent, lazy, slovenly, or greedy, typically in a way that rejects social norms or expectations."

“妖精模式（goblin mode）”这一俚语的定义为“违背社会规范或大众期望，活得放纵、懒惰、邋遢或贪婪，并且毫无愧意”。

It's mindlessly binge-watching television without worrying about the time. It's eating snacks in bed without a care about leftover crumbs. And it's wearing the same pair of pajamas all week while working from home. It best reflected the ethos and mood of the past 12 months.

在“妖精模式”下摆烂的人们会不顾时间，无意识地狂看电视；会躺在床上吃零食，任凭碎屑掉得到处都是；会一周穿同一套睡衣居家生活，乃至外出工作。这一词汇是过去一年间社会风气和大众情绪的完美写照。

The slang particularly struck a chord with people who felt disillusioned by the third year of the pandemic and the ongoing political upheavals around the world. In response, they are rejecting societal expectations and making their own rules of how to live.

人们对延续三年的疫情和无止境的全球政治动荡感到失望，而这一俚语引起了他们发自内心的共鸣。因而，他们对生活作出了自己的回应：不再呼应社会的期望，转而制定自己的人生规则。

The trend is marked by a departure from respectability and aesthetic. Instead, it encourages people to lean into their uncurated, self-indulgent and sometimes mischievous ways.

“妖精模式”的特点就是不体面、不精致。相反，它鼓励人们释放心中那些不受约束的、自我放纵的、甚至恶作剧的想法，并付诸行动。

"People are embracing their inner goblin," said Casper Grathwohl, the president of Oxford Languages.

“人们正在与心中丑恶的妖精和解。”牛津语言学院院长Casper Grathwohl对此表示。

GASLIGHTING 煤气灯效应

韦氏

The term comes from the title of a 1938 play and the movie based on that play, the plot of which involves a man attempting to make his wife believe that she is going insane. His mysterious activities in the attic cause the house’s gas lights to dim, but he insists to his wife that the lights are not dimming and that she can’t trust her own perceptions.

“煤气灯效应（gaslighting）”这个词来源于1938年的话剧《煤气灯》（Gas Light），以及后续改编的电影《煤气灯下》（Gaslight）。电影中，一名男子企图让妻子相信她自己发疯了。他在阁楼上暗自做了手脚，使房子里的煤气灯变暗；而他又对妻子坚称，灯并没有变暗，她不能相信自己的感知。

In recent years, we have seen the meaning of gaslighting refer also to something simpler and broader: “the act or practice of grossly misleading someone, especially for a personal advantage.” In this use, the word is at home with other terms relating to modern forms of deception and manipulation, such as fake news, deepfake, and artificial intelligence.

近年来，“煤气灯效应”对大众而言有了更简单、更广泛的含义：“某种（尤其是出于个人利益）严重误导他人的行为做法。”如今，这个词常用于描述各种有关欺骗、操纵的现代术语，如假新闻、AI换脸、人工智能等。

The idea of a deliberate conspiracyto mislead has made gaslighting useful in describing lies that are part of a larger plan. Unlike lying, which tends to be between individuals, and fraud, which tends to involve organizations, gaslighting applies in both personal and political contexts.

在如今种种误导阴谋的影响下，“煤气灯效应”常用于描述那种作为“江山棋局一颗子”的谎言。“煤气灯效应”一词常常和个人后台、政治背景相关，这和“说谎”（往往是个人之间的）、“欺骗”（往往涉及到组织）两词都不尽相同。

In this age of misinformation, with the vast increase in channels and technologies used to mislead, gaslighting has become the favored word for the perception of deception.

在这个错误信息横行的时代，用于误导的渠道和技术大量增加，“煤气灯效应”已经成为人们感到被欺骗时所用的首选词。

柯林斯

PERMACRISIS 长期危机

Permacrisis - a word describing the feeling of living through a period of war, inflation, and political instability - has been chosen as Collins Dictionary's word of the year.

“长期危机（permacrisis）”一词当选了柯林斯词典的年度词汇。这一词汇意为“生活在战争、通货膨胀和政治不稳定时期的不安全感”。

It "sums up just how truly awful 2022 has been for so many people", said Alex Beecroft, head of Collins Learning.

柯林斯学习系统的负责人Alex Beecroft表示：“这个词总结了2022年对许多人来说有多糟糕。”

译注：柯林斯学习（Collins Learning）是一款基于网络的学习与培训系统。

Mr Beecroft added: "Language can be a mirror to what is going on in society and the wider world, and this year has thrown up challenge after challenge."

Beecroft补充道：“语言能够反映社会生活和广大世界中所发生的事情。今年不安的社会状况，为语言的顺利表达带来了重重挑战。”

He said it was understandable that people may feel "we are in an ongoing state of uncertainty and worry", after "living through upheaval caused by Brexit, the pandemic, severe weather, the war in Ukraine, political instability, the energy squeeze and the cost-of-living crisis".

他还称，在经历了“英国脱欧、新冠疫情、恶劣天气、俄乌战争、政局动荡、能源短缺和生活成本危机”带来的种种不稳定状况后，人们可能会觉得“自己总是处于一种摇摆不定、惶恐不安的状态”，这是可以理解的。

HOMER 本垒打

剑桥

The Cambridge Dictionary has announced its word of the year is "homer" - much to the anger of Wordle fans. Earlier this year, many players of the popular word game had their winning streaks ended when the unfamiliar American English word, meaning a home run in baseball, was thrown up.

剑桥词典公布了本次的年度词汇“homer”——这激怒了许多Wordle游戏的玩家。这个单词意指棒球中的本垒打。今年早时，正是这个陌生的美式英语单词，终结了Wordle这款流行单词游戏中许多玩家的连胜纪录。

Speakers of British English said they were “outraged” and “furious” to complain on social media about the choice of “homer” as the Wordle answer for May 5.

惯用英式英语的玩家们在社交媒体上抱怨，称把“homer”作为5月5日的Wordle答案让他们“怒火中烧”。

Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary publishing manager, said: “Wordle’s words, and the public’s reactions to them, illustrate how English speakers continue to be divided over differences between English language varieties, even when they’re playing a globally popular new word game that has brought people together online for friendly competition about language.

剑桥词典的出版经理Wendalyn Nichols称：“Wordle包含的变体词汇，以及公众对这些词汇的反应都表明：即使说英语的人都聚集在网上，共同体验一款风靡全球的新单词游戏，就语言问题进行友好的竞争，但在英语变体的差异方面，他们仍无法真正求同存异。”

“The differences between British and American English are always of interest not just to learners of English but to English speakers globally, and word games are also perennially entertaining. We’ve seen those two phenomena converge in the public conversations about Wordle.”

“学习英语的人，乃至全世界说英语的人，总会对英式英语和美式英语间的差异抱有兴趣；而单词游戏也总会令人爱不释手。如我们所见，在这场公众对Wordle的讨论中，两种现象紧密相融了。”

· 其他入选词汇·