大数跨境

AI图片斩获摄影界顶级奖项,视觉艺术还是人类的专属吗?

AI图片斩获摄影界顶级奖项,视觉艺术还是人类的专属吗? QuriositySISU
2023-05-06
1
导读:AI走进人类艺术,碰撞还是融合?





全文共2039字,阅读需约7分钟


AI作品骗过评委


德国艺术家Boris Eldagsen的作品《假性记忆:电工》(Pseudomnesia: The Electrician)在2023年度的索尼世界摄影奖*中赢得了创意公开组奖项。但在颁奖典礼上,Eldagsen突然夺走话筒,宣布这张图片是由AI工具DALL-E 2创作的,因此拒绝接受该奖项。


译注:Sony World Photography Award,即索尼世界摄影奖,由索尼公司赞助,是全世界最有含金量的摄影奖项之一。


《假性记忆:电工》(图源:BBC)


在其个人网站上的声明中, Eldagsen称自己是一只 "厚脸皮的猴子",他感谢评委们 "选择了自己的图像,使之成为一个历史性时刻",同时质疑他们中是否有人"知道或怀疑它是AI生成的"。

In a statement shared on his website, Eldagsen admitted he had been a "cheeky monkey", thanking the judges for "selecting my image and making this a historic moment", while questioning if any of them "knew or suspected that it was AI-generated".


Boris Eldagsen(图源:BBC)


他称自己用这张图片来测试奖项的评选过程,并启发人们探讨摄影的未来。

He said he used the picture to test the competition and to create a discussion about the future of photography.


"AI图像和摄影不应该在这样的奖项中相互竞争,"他接着写道,"它们是不同的。人工智能不是摄影。因此,我将不接受这个奖项。"

"AI images and photography should not compete with each other in an award like this," he continued. "They are different entities. AI is not photography. Therefore I will not accept the award."


该赛事的组织者承认自己被Eldagsen的作品误导了,没能看出这张看似写实的图片背后并非人类“妙手”,而是数据与算法。


"大部分没经验的人都很难将AI生成的图片与照片区分开来(至少在第一眼看到时是这样),"Eldagsen写道。“再过几个月,除非仔细检查,AI与人类作品的关键差异可能会更难发现(因为人工智能在不断学习、迭代)。

"For starters, most people have a tough time distinguishing AI-generated images from photographs (at least at first glance)," Eldagsen wrote. "In a few months, it will probably become even harder to determine critical differences unless scrutinised."


   技术进步=淘汰人类?


事实上,这并不是AI图片第一次惊艳世人了。早在去年9月,Jason Allen用AI工具Midjourney创作的《空间歌剧院》(Théâtre d'Opéra Spatial)就获得了科罗拉多州博览会数码艺术家类别的一等奖(注:前文提到的《假性记忆:电工》是在评委不知情的情况下被选中,而此处提到的作品在评选时已注明由AI生成),引起人们对AI制图的激烈讨论,热度持续至今、居高不下,主要争议点在于它们能否真正取代艺术家的工作。


《空间歌剧院》(Théâtre d'Opéra Spatial)


一些艺术家辩称,使用AI创作作品与使用Photoshop或其他数字图像处理工具没有什么不同。想要生成获奖作品,仍然需要依赖人类的创造力来想出合适的提示指令

Some artists defended that using A.I. to create a piece was no different from using Photoshop or other digital image-manipulation tools, and that human creativity is still required to come up with the right prompts to generate an award-winning piece.


但目前发生的一切已经足够令人震惊了。摄影等视觉艺术一直被认为是人类的专属,因为它们凝结了创造力——这被认为是人类智慧的精华所在。因此,当蒸汽机取代马车、流水线淘汰手工作坊时,没人能想到殿堂中高高在上的艺术精英们也有岌岌可危的一天。


有关新的艺术创作技术的争论在历史上并不新鲜。曾经,许多画家对相机存在着强烈的抵触情绪,认为那是对人类艺术的贬低。(19世纪的法国诗人、艺术评论家Charles Baudelaire*称摄影是 "艺术最不共戴天的敌人")。到了20世纪,数字编辑工具和计算机辅助设计程序也同样被纯化论者*否定,因为它们对人类合作者的技能要求过低。

Controversy over new art-making technologies is nothing new. Many painters recoiled at the invention of the camera, which they saw as a debasement of human artistry. (Charles Baudelaire, the 19th-century French poet and art critic, called photography “art’s most mortal enemy.”) In the 20th century, digital editing tools and computer-assisted design programs were similarly dismissed by purists for requiring too little skill of their human collaborators.

译注:Charles Baudelaire,即波德莱尔,法国象征派诗歌的先驱之一,代表作有《恶之花》。


译注:purist,即纯化论者。他们认为事情应以传统、保守的方式进行,信奉语言、艺术等领域的正统性。


所以,也许有一天,未来的人类看待这类AI工具也会习以为常,就像今天的我们对待摄影那样——随时随地拿起相机,摁下快门,再用PS输出最精美的画面。


   留下一地鸡毛,争议谁人能解?


亟需正视的是,AI制图引发了一系列尚无答案的道德与法律问题,比如AI生成图片的版权究竟由谁拥有


许多艺术家和摄影师指责人工智能利用数十万人类创作者的作品来训练自己的系统,这通常未经本人授权,因此是不公正的——有人甚至为此启动了法律程序。

Many artists and photographers accuse AI systems of unfairly exploiting the works of hundreds of thousands of human creators on which the systems are trained - some have even launched legal action.


因为像DALL-E 2和Midjourney这样的应用程序首先要从开放网络上抓取数以百万计的图片,然后让算法来识别这些图片的模式和相互关系,才能以相同的风格生成新的图片。这意味着将作品上传到网上的艺术家可能在不知不觉中帮助训练自己的AI竞争对手。

Because apps like DALL-E 2 and Midjourney are built by scraping millions of images from the open web, then teaching algorithms to recognize patterns and relationships in those images and generate new ones in the same style. That means that artists who upload their works to the internet may be unwittingly helping to train their algorithmic competitors.


  Midjourney上的一些作品

左右滑动查看更多


"这款AI(注:指Midjourney)的不同之处在于,它明确针对当下活跃的艺术家,进行有目的性的训练,"数码艺术家RJ Palmer在推特上说道,"这玩意想要夺取我们的工作,它是积极的反艺术家分子。"

“What makes this AI different is that it’s explicitly trained on current working artists,” RJ Palmer, a digital artist, tweeted that. “This thing wants our jobs, its actively anti-artist.


Allen先生(注:前文提到的作品《空间歌剧院》的人类作者)说,他很同情那些担心因人工智能工具而失业的艺术家。但他说,他们的愤怒不应该施加给那些使用DALL-E 2或Midjourney进行艺术创作的个人,而应该针对那些用人工智能工具取代人类艺术家的公司

Mr. Allen said he empathized with artists who were scared that A.I. tools would put them out of work. But he said their anger should be directed not at individuals who use DALL-E 2 or Midjourney to make art but at companies that choose to replace human artists with A.I. tools.


“这不应该成为对技术本身的控诉,”他说。“道德不约束技术,只约束人类。

“It shouldn’t be an indictment of the technology itself,” he said. “The ethics isn’t in the technology. It’s in the people.


但可能不管人们怎么争论,AI的绘画能力都将越来越强大。或许“潘多拉的魔盒”已经打开,而我们只能寄希望于人类不要背离发明AI的初衷,就像Midjourney官网上写的那样:“探索新的思想媒介,拓展人类的想象边界(exploring new mediums of thought and expanding the imaginative powers of the human species)”。








参考链接

https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65296763.amp

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/02/technology/ai-artificial-intelligence-artists.html


编译 | 李在阳

排版 | 李在阳


👇点击关注,携手成长


【声明】内容源于网络
0
0
QuriositySISU
编译全球年轻新风尚 滋养你的优质好奇心SISU国际新闻编译实践项目平台
内容 1081
粉丝 0
QuriositySISU 编译全球年轻新风尚 滋养你的优质好奇心SISU国际新闻编译实践项目平台
总阅读203
粉丝0
内容1.1k