“史上最热九月”影响至今，人类和生态系统死刑判决警告？

FILE - A woman uses a fan in the courtyard of the Louvre museum, Sept. 7, 2023, in Paris. (AP Photo/Thomas Padilla, File)

2023年9月7日，巴黎卢浮宫博物馆的庭院中，一位女士正用扇子来遮阳。（美联社照片/托马斯帕迪拉摄）

A man cools off in a shower at Ipanema beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 24, 2023. (AP Photo/Bruna Prado)

2023年9月24日，一名男子在巴西里约热内卢伊帕内玛海滩淋浴时降温。（美联社照片/布鲁娜普拉多摄）

People cool off as they bate in the Mediterranean sea in the old port of Acre, north Israel, Sept. 8, 2023, during a heat wave. (AP Photo/Ariel Schalit, File)

2023 年 9 月 8 日，在九月热浪期间，人们在以色列北部阿克里旧港的地中海游泳降温。（美联社照片/阿里尔·沙利特摄）

A person rests under an umbrella as the sun sets, Sept. 12, 2023, in Newport Beach, Calif. (AP Photo/Ryan Sun)

2023年9月12日，加利福尼亚州纽波特海滩，太阳落山时，一个人在遮阳伞下小憩。（美联社照片/瑞安·孙摄）

After a summer of record-smashing heat, warming somehow got even worse in September as Earth set a new mark for how far above normal temperatures were, the European climate agency reported Thursday.

欧洲气候署10月5日报道，在经历了一个创纪录的高温夏季之后，地球似乎为高温设立了一个新标准——九月份的升温情况变得更糟了。

Last month’s average temperature was 0.93 degrees Celsius (1.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above the 1991-2020 average for September. That’s the warmest margin above average for a month in 83 years of records kept by the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Climate Change Service.

今年九月的平均气温比1991-2020年9月的平均水平高出0.93摄氏度（1.7 华氏度），同时这也是欧洲航天局哥白尼气候变化服务中心保存的83年记录中平均气温最高的一个九月。

Copernicus calculated that the average temperature for September was 16.38 degrees Celsius (61.48 degrees Fahrenheit), which broke the old record set in September 2020 by a whopping half-degree Celsius (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit). That’s a huge margin in climate records.

哥白尼气候变化服务中心计算出，9月份的平均气温为16.38摄氏度（61.48华氏度），打破了2020年9月创下的旧纪录，高出半摄氏度（0.9 华氏度）。这在气候记录中是一个巨大的差距。

Earth is on track for its hottest year on record, about 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.5 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than pre-industrial times, according to Samantha Burgess, Copernicus’ deputy director.

根据哥白尼气候变化服务中心副主任萨曼莎·伯吉斯（Samantha Burgess）的说法，今年是地球有记录以来最热的一年，比工业化前时期高出约1.4摄氏度（2.5华氏度）。

“It’s just mind-blowing really,” said Copernicus Director Carlo Buontempo. “Never seen anything like that in any month in our records.”

“太震撼了。”哥白尼气候变化服务中心负责人卡洛·布恩坦波(Carlo Buontempo）说，“这种情况真是闻所未闻。”

While July and August had hotter raw temperatures because they are warmer months on the calendar, September had what scientists call the biggest anomaly, or departure from normal. Temperature anomalies are crucial pieces of data in a warming world.

七月和八月的温度普遍较高，因为它们是一年中最热的月份。然而据科学家所说，今年九月的温度一反常态的高，远远偏离正常情况，而温度异常是恰恰是全球变暖最关键的数据。

“This is not a fancy weather statistic,” Imperial College of London climate scientist Friederike Otto said in an email. “It’s a death sentence for people and ecosystems. It destroys assets, infrastructure, harvest."

“这可不是一个假想出来的天气统计数据。”伦敦帝国理工学院气候科学家弗列德里克·奥托(Friederike Otto）在一封电子邮件中说，“这是对人类和生态系统的死刑判决。它摧毁了资产、基础设施和粮食收成。”

The hot temperatures stretched across the globe but they were chiefly driven by persistent and unusual warmth in the world’s oceans, which didn’t cool off as much in September as normal and have been record hot since spring, said Buontempo.

据卡洛·布恩坦波说，高温遍及全球，但它们主要是由世界海洋中持续和异常的热源驱动的，这些热源在今年九月份没有像往常那样冷却，并且自春季以来一直创造破纪录的高温。

“What we’re seeing right now is the backdrop of rapid global warming at a pace that the Earth has not seen in eons coupled with El Nino, natural climate cycle,” that’s a temporary warming of parts of the Pacific Ocean that changes weather worldwide, said U.S. climate scientist Jessica Moerman, who is also president of the Evangelical Environmental Network(EEN）. “This double whammy together is where things get dangerous.”

“我们现在正处于全球迅速变暖的大背景下，其速度是地球在亿万年中从未见过的，期间伴随着厄尔尼诺现象*和自然气候周期，导致太平洋部分地区的暂时变暖，改变了全球天气。”美国气候科学家杰西卡·莫尔曼（Jessica Moerman，时任福音派环境网主席）说，“这种双重打击让情况变得危急而复杂。”

译注：厄尔尼诺现象（西班牙语：El Niño），是指东太平洋海水每隔数年就会异常升温的现象。它与中太平洋和东太平洋（约在国际换日线及西经120度）赤道位置产生的温暖海流有关。当厄尔尼诺现象发生时，南美洲地区会出现暴雨，而东南亚地区和澳大利亚则会出现干旱状况。

Though El Nino is playing a part, climate change has a bigger footprint in this warmth, Buontempo said.

卡洛·布恩坦波说：“虽然厄尔尼诺现象对这种情况有一定影响，但气候变化才是今年温度异常升高的主因。” 

“There really is no end in sight given new oil and gas reserves are still being opened for exploitation,” Otto said. “If you have more record hot events, there is no respite for humans and nature, no time to recover.”

“石油、天然气储藏仍在被无休止地开采，”弗列德里克·奥托说，“如果再有更多创纪录的高温出现，人与自然就没有喘息的机会，也没有时间来恢复。”

Buontempo said El Nino is likely to get warmer and cause even higher temperatures next year.

而据卡洛·布恩坦波所说，厄尔尼诺现象可能会增强，这或将导致明年气温继续升高。